Pada artikel Kimia kelas 11 kali ini, kita akan mempelajari tentang alkuna meliputi pengertian, rumus umum, sifat-sifat, contoh, serta manfaatnya dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Yuk, simak!
—
Alkana…
Alkena…
Hmm, satu lagi pasti kamu bisa menebak, deh. Yap! Alkuna!
Teman-teman, pastinya kamu sudah nggak asing lagi ya dengan istilah alkana, alkena, dan alkuna. Ketiganya merupakan golongan senyawa hidrokarbon alifatik, karena tersusun dari unsur atom karbon (C) dan atom hidrogen (H) yang saling terikat dan membentuk rantai terbuka (bisa bercabang maupun tidak).
Alkana tergolong hidrokarbon alifatik jenuh karena memiliki ikatan tunggal antar rantai atom karbonnya, sedangkan alkena dan alkuna tergolong hidrokarbon alifatik tak jenuh karena memiliki ikatan rangkap antar rantai atom karbonnya.
Nah, jika pada pembahasan sebelumnya kamu telah mengetahui tentang alkana dan alkena, maka pada pembahasan kali ini, kamu akan mempelajari tentang golongan hidrokarbon alifatik yang terakhir, nih, yaitu alkuna. Apa itu senyawa alkuna? Seperti apa sifatnya? Serta, apa saja contoh dan manfaatnya? Yuk, kita simak penjelasannya berikut ini!
Pengertian Alkuna
Seperti yang telah dijelaskan sebelumnya, alkuna adalah jenis senyawa hidrokarbon tak jenuh yang memiliki ikatan rangkap tiga. Rumus umum alkuna adalah CnH2n-n dengan n > 1.
Misalnya:
Jika n = 2, maka C2H2 merupakan suku pertama alkuna.
Jika n = 3, maka C3H4 merupakan suku kedua alkuna.
Jika n = 4, maka C4H6 merupakan suku ketiga alkuna, dan seterusnya.
Baca Juga: Pengertian Alkana, Rumus Umum, Sifat, dan Contoh
Tata Nama Alkuna berdasarkan IUPAC
Pemberian nama alkuna dibedakan menjadi dua menurut jenis rantainya, yaitu:
1. Rantai lurus
Penamaan alkuna rantai lurus dengan C = 2 dan C = 3 ditulis menurut jumlah atom C yang menyusunnya dan diakhiri dengan akhiran –una.
Contoh:
C2H2 = etuna.
C3H4 = propuna.
Sementara itu, Penamaan alkuna rantai lurus dengan C ≥ 4 diawali dengan menuliskan nomor atom C yang memiliki ikatan rangkap tiga diikuti dengan nama alkuna sesuai dengan jumlah atom C.
Penomoran atom C dimulai dari ujung rantai yang paling dekat dengan ikatan rangkap tiga.
IUPAC : posisi rangkap + nama alkuna
Contoh:
2. Rantai bercabang
IUPAC : posisi cabang + nama cabang + posisi rangkap + nama rantai induk
Aturan penamaan:
1. Tentukan rantai utamanya. Rantai utama ini merupakan rantai karbon terpanjang yang mengandung ikatan rangkap tiga. Contoh:
2. Beri nomor pada setiap atom C yang berada pada rantai utama. Ingat! Penomoran dimulai dari ujung rantai yang paling dekat dengan ikatan rangkap tiga. Contoh:
3. Jika terdapat lebih dari satu cabang yang sama, maka dalam penulisannya diawali dengan di- (untuk 2 cabang yang sama), tri- (untuk 3 cabang yang sama), tetra- (untuk 4 cabang yang sama), dan seterusnya. Contoh:
Terdapat dua cabang sejenis pada atom C bernomor 4, sehingga nama alkuna tersebut adalah 4,4 – dimetil – 2 – nonuna.
4. Jika terdapat lebih dari satu cabang yang berbeda, maka dalam penulisannya harus disusun berdasarkan urutan abjad huruf pertama dari nama cabang tersebut. Note! Awalan di-, tri-, tetra-, dan sebagainya tidak diperhatikan dalam penentuan urutan abjad.
Contoh:
Karena etil diawali dengan huruf “e” dan metil diawali dengan huruf “m“, maka dalam penulisannya kita awali dengan etil terlebih dahulu, kemudian diikuti dengan metil, lalu nama rantai induknya, sehingga nama alkuna tersebut adalah 6 – etil – 4,4 – dimetil – 2 – nonuna. Perhatikan kalau awalan di- pada metil tidak mempengaruhi penentuan urutan abjad, ya.
Sejauh ini bagaimana, nih? Kamu paham nggak? Nah, bagi yang belum paham, tulis saja pertanyaanmu di kolom komentar, ya. Setelah kamu mengetahui apa itu alkuna serta aturan dalam penamaan alkuna, yuk kita lanjut ke bahasan selanjutnya, yaitu sifat-sifat alkuna. Tetap simak, ya!
Baca Juga: Yuk, Kenalan dengan Senyawa Turunan Alkana: Alkohol!
Sifat-Sifat Alkuna
Sifat alkuna dibedakan menjadi dua berdasarkan sifat fisik dan sifat kimia, di antaranya:
1. Sifat fisik
a. Merupakan senyawa nonpolar. Akibatnya, alkuna tidak mudah larut dalam air.
b. Pada suhu kamar:
- – Alkuna dengan C2 – C4 berwujud gas.
- – Alkuna dengan C5 – C15 berwujud cair.
- – Alkuna dengan C16 dan seterusnya berwujud padat.
c. Pada alkuna rantai lurus, semakin panjang rantai C nya, maka akan semakin tinggi titik didihnya.
d. Pada alkuna rantai bercabang, semakin banyak cabangnya, maka akan semakin rendah titik didihnya.
2. Sifat kimia
Reaksi adisi
Reaksi adisi adalah reaksi penjenuhan atau pemutusan ikatan rangkap oleh hidrogen (H2), halogen (X2), atau asam halida (HX). Reaksi adisi pada alkuna membutuhkan pereaksi dengan jumlah dua kali lipat dari alkena.
Sekarang, coba kita perhatikan beberapa contoh reaksi adisi pada alkuna di bawah ini.
a. Reaksi adisi dengan H2
b. Reaksi adisi dengan X2 (F2, Cl2, Br2, I2)
c. Reaksi adisi dengan HX (X = F, Cl, Br, I)
Pada reaksi adisi propuna dengan HX, berlaku hukum Markovnikov. Atom H dari asam akan berikatan pada atom C ikatan rangkap yang lebih banyak mengikat atom H.
Duh, aku pusing! (sumber: giphy.com)
Tenang, meskipun reaksi-reaksi di atas terlihat cukup rumit, tapi intinya, pada reaksi adisi kita ingin mengubah ikatan rangkap pada atom C menjadi ikatan tunggal. Caranya, dengan menambahkan atom-atom lain, seperti H2, X2, dan HX.
Nah, akhirnya, kita masuk ke bahasan terakhir kita, nih, yaitu manfaat alkuna. Penasaran apa saja manfaatnya? Yuk, langsung saja kita simak!
Manfaat Alkuna dalam Kehidupan
Alkuna dapat digunakan sebagai bahan baku pembuat bahan-bahan sintetis, seperti plastik. Salah satu jenis alkuna yang paling sederhana, yaitu etuna atau lebih dikenal dengan asetilen banyak digunakan sebagai bahan bakar untuk proses pengelasan, pemotongan besi dan logam, serta membantu mempercepat pematangan buah.
—
Gimana nih teman-teman, sekarang kamu sudah tahu kan apa itu alkuna, macam-macam sifatnya, serta fungsi alkuna dalam kehidupan. Bagi kamu yang masih penasaran dengan materi alkuna ini, kamu bisa lho mempelajarinya lewat video beranimasi di ruangbelajar.
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<h1 class="content-title">
Pengertian Alkuna, Rumus, Sifat, Contoh & Manfaat | Kimia Kelas 11 </h1>
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<p class="content-author"><a href="https://www.ruangguru.com/blog/author/hani-ammariah" class="">Hani Ammariah</a> </p>
<p class="content-info"><span>August 18, 2023 • </span> <span>5 minutes read</span></p>
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<blockquote>
<div style="text-align: center;"><em>Pada <strong><a href="https://www.ruangguru.com/blog/tag/kimia-xi">artikel Kimia kelas 11</a></strong> kali ini, kita akan mempelajari tentang alkuna meliputi pengertian, rumus umum, sifat-sifat, contoh, serta manfaatnya dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Yuk, simak!</em></div>
</blockquote>
<div style="text-align: center;">—</div>
<p> </p>
<p>Alkana…<span style="background-color: transparent;"> </span></p>
<p>Alkena…</p>
<p><em>Hmm</em>, satu lagi pasti kamu bisa menebak, <em>deh</em>. <em>Yap</em>! Alkuna!</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Teman-teman, pastinya kamu sudah <em>nggak</em> asing lagi ya dengan istilah alkana, alkena, dan alkuna. Ketiganya merupakan golongan<strong> senyawa hidrokarbon alifatik,</strong> karena tersusun dari unsur atom karbon (C) dan atom hidrogen (H) yang saling terikat dan membentuk rantai terbuka (bisa bercabang maupun tidak).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Alkana</strong> tergolong hidrokarbon alifatik jenuh karena memiliki ikatan tunggal antar rantai atom karbonnya, sedangkan <a href="https://www.ruangguru.com/blog/kimia-kelas-11-apa-yang-menyebabkan-buah-bisa-matang"><strong>alkena</strong> </a>dan <strong>alkuna</strong> tergolong hidrokarbon alifatik tak jenuh karena memiliki ikatan rangkap antar rantai atom karbonnya.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><em>Nah</em>, jika pada pembahasan sebelumnya kamu telah mengetahui tentang alkana dan alkena, maka pada pembahasan kali ini, kamu akan mempelajari tentang golongan hidrokarbon alifatik yang terakhir, <em>nih</em>, yaitu alkuna. Apa itu senyawa alkuna? Seperti apa sifatnya? Serta, apa saja contoh dan manfaatnya? <em>Yuk</em>, kita simak penjelasannya berikut ini!</p>
<p> </p>
<h2>Pengertian Alkuna</h2>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Seperti yang telah dijelaskan sebelumnya, <strong>alkuna</strong> adalah jenis senyawa hidrokarbon tak jenuh yang memiliki <strong>ikatan rangkap tiga</strong>. <strong>Rumus umum alkuna adalah C<sub>n</sub>H<sub>2n-n</sub> </strong><span style="background-color: transparent;"><strong>dengan n > 1</strong>.</span></p>
<p>Misalnya:</p>
<p>Jika n = 2, maka C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>2</sub><strong><sub> </sub></strong>merupakan suku pertama alkuna.</p>
<p>Jika n = 3, maka C<sub><span style="font-size: 13.5px;">3</span></sub>H<sub>4 </sub>merupakan suku kedua alkuna.</p>
<p>Jika n = 4, maka C<sub><span style="font-size: 13.5px;">4</span></sub>H<sub>6 </sub>merupakan suku ketiga alkuna, dan seterusnya.</p>
<p><strong>Baca Juga: <a href="https://www.ruangguru.com/blog/memahami-dasar-dasar-alkana">Pengertian Alkana, Rumus Umum, Sifat, dan Contoh</a></strong></p>
<p> </p>
<h2>Tata Nama Alkuna berdasarkan IUPAC</h2>
<p>Pemberian nama alkuna dibedakan menjadi dua menurut jenis rantainya, yaitu:</p>
<h3>1. Rantai lurus</h3>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Penamaan alkuna rantai lurus dengan <strong>C = 2 dan C = 3</strong> ditulis menurut <strong>jumlah atom C yang menyusunnya dan diakhiri dengan akhiran –una</strong>.</p>
<p>Contoh:</p>
<p>C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>2 </sub>= et<strong>una</strong>.</p>
<p>C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>4 = </sub>prop<strong>una</strong>.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Sementara itu, Penamaan alkuna rantai lurus dengan <strong>C ≥ 4 diawali dengan menuliskan nomor atom C yang memiliki ikatan rangkap tiga diikuti dengan nama alkuna sesuai dengan jumlah atom C. </strong></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Penomoran atom C dimulai dari ujung rantai yang paling dekat dengan ikatan rangkap tiga.</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: #ffcc99;"><strong>IUPAC : posisi rangkap + nama alkuna</strong></span></p>
<p> </p>
<p>Contoh:</p>
<div><img decoding="async" class="aligncenter" style="width: 445px; display: block; margin: 0px auto;" src="https://cdn-web.ruangguru.com/landing-pages/assets/hs/gambar%20alkuna%201.jpg" alt="alkuna" width="445" /></div>
<h3>2. Rantai bercabang</h3>
<p> </p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: #ffcc99;"><strong>IUPAC : posisi cabang + nama cabang + posisi rangkap + nama rantai induk</strong></span></p>
<p> </p>
<p>Aturan penamaan:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">1.<strong style="background-color: transparent;"> Tentukan rantai utamanya</strong><span style="background-color: transparent;">. Rantai utama ini merupakan rantai karbon terpanjang yang mengandung ikatan rangkap tiga. Contoh:</span></p>
<p> <img decoding="async" class="aligncenter" style="width: 452px;" src="https://cdn-web.ruangguru.com/landing-pages/assets/hs/alkuna%204.png" alt="alkuna" width="452" /></p>
<p> </p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">2.<strong style="background-color: transparent;"> Beri nomor pada setiap atom C yang berada pada rantai utama</strong><span style="background-color: transparent;">. </span><strong style="background-color: transparent;">Ingat! </strong><span style="background-color: transparent;">Penomoran dimulai dari ujung rantai yang paling dekat dengan ikatan rangkap tiga. Contoh:</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: transparent;"> <img decoding="async" class="aligncenter" style="width: 390px;" src="https://cdn-web.ruangguru.com/landing-pages/assets/hs/alkuna%205.png" alt="alkuna" width="390" /><br />
</span></p>
<p> </p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: transparent;">3.<strong> Jika terdapat lebih dari satu cabang yang sama</strong>, maka dalam penulisannya diawali dengan di- (untuk 2 cabang yang sama), tri- (untuk 3 cabang yang sama), tetra- (untuk 4 cabang yang sama), dan seterusnya. Contoh:</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: transparent;"> <img decoding="async" class="aligncenter" style="width: 379px;" src="https://cdn-web.ruangguru.com/landing-pages/assets/hs/alkuna%206.png" alt="alkuna" width="379" /> </span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: transparent;">Terdapat dua cabang sejenis pada atom C bernomor 4, sehingga nama alkuna tersebut adalah <strong>4,4 – <span style="color: #ff0000;">di</span>metil – 2 – nonuna</strong>.</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">4.<strong style="background-color: transparent;"> Jika terdapat lebih dari satu cabang yang berbeda</strong><span style="background-color: transparent;">, maka dalam penulisannya harus disusun berdasarkan urutan abjad huruf pertama dari nama cabang tersebut. </span><strong style="background-color: transparent;">Note! </strong><span style="background-color: transparent;">Awalan di-, tri-, tetra-, dan sebagainya tidak diperhatikan dalam penentuan urutan abjad. </span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: transparent;">Contoh:</span></p>
<div> <img decoding="async" class="aligncenter" style="width: 375px;" src="https://cdn-web.ruangguru.com/landing-pages/assets/hs/alkuna%207.png" alt="alkuna" width="375" /></div>
<p> </p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Karena etil diawali dengan huruf “<strong>e</strong>” dan metil diawali dengan huruf “<strong>m</strong>“, maka dalam penulisannya kita awali dengan etil terlebih dahulu, kemudian diikuti dengan metil, lalu nama rantai induknya, sehingga nama alkuna tersebut adalah <strong>6 – etil – 4,4 – dimetil – 2 – nonuna</strong>. Perhatikan kalau awalan di- pada metil tidak mempengaruhi penentuan urutan abjad, ya.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Sejauh ini bagaimana, <em>nih</em>? Kamu paham <em>nggak</em>? <em>Nah</em>, bagi yang belum paham, tulis saja pertanyaanmu di kolom komentar, ya. Setelah kamu mengetahui apa itu alkuna serta aturan dalam penamaan alkuna, <em>yuk</em> kita lanjut ke bahasan selanjutnya, yaitu sifat-sifat alkuna. Tetap simak, ya!</p>
<p><strong>Baca Juga: <a href="https://www.ruangguru.com/blog/senyawa-turunan-alkana-alkohol">Yuk, Kenalan dengan Senyawa Turunan Alkana: Alkohol!</a></strong></p>
<p> </p>
<h2>Sifat-Sifat Alkuna</h2>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Sifat alkuna dibedakan menjadi dua berdasarkan sifat fisik dan sifat kimia, di antaranya:</p>
<h3>1. Sifat fisik</h3>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: transparent;">a. Merupakan</span><strong style="background-color: transparent;"> senyawa nonpolar</strong><span style="background-color: transparent;">. Akibatnya, alkuna tidak mudah larut dalam air.</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: transparent;">b. Pada suhu kamar:</span></p>
<ul style="text-align: justify;">
<li>– Alkuna dengan C<sub>2</sub> – C<sub>4</sub> berwujud<strong> gas</strong>.</li>
<li>– Alkuna dengan C<sub>5</sub> – C<sub>15</sub> berwujud <strong>cair</strong>.</li>
<li>– Alkuna dengan C<sub>16</sub> dan seterusnya berwujud <strong>padat</strong>.</li>
</ul>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: transparent;">c. Pada </span><strong style="background-color: transparent;">alkuna rantai lurus</strong><span style="background-color: transparent;">, semakin panjang rantai C nya, maka akan semakin tinggi titik didihnya.</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: transparent;">d. Pada </span><strong style="background-color: transparent;">alkuna rantai bercabang</strong><span style="background-color: transparent;">, semakin banyak cabangnya, maka akan semakin rendah titik didihnya.</span></p>
<h3>2. Sifat kimia</h3>
<h4 style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Reaksi adisi</strong></h4>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Reaksi adisi adalah <strong>reaksi penjenuhan atau pemutusan ikatan rangkap </strong>oleh hidrogen (H<sub>2</sub>), halogen (X<sub>2</sub>), atau asam halida (HX). Reaksi adisi pada alkuna membutuhkan pereaksi dengan jumlah dua kali lipat dari alkena.</p>
<p><img decoding="async" class="aligncenter size-medium" src="https://cdn-web.ruangguru.com/landing-pages/assets/64ef5674-815f-4347-a821-ec55f1f048c5.png" alt="Vladimir Vasilyevich Markovnikov" width="600" height="400" /></p>
<p> </p>
<p>Sekarang, coba kita perhatikan beberapa contoh reaksi adisi pada alkuna di bawah ini.</p>
<p><strong>a. Reaksi adisi dengan H<sub>2</sub></strong></p>
<p><img decoding="async" class="aligncenter" style="width: 209px; display: block; margin: 0px auto;" src="https://cdn-web.ruangguru.com/landing-pages/assets/hs/gambar%20reaksi%20adisi%201.jpg" alt="alkuna" width="209" /></p>
<p><strong>b. Reaksi adisi dengan X<sub>2</sub> (F<sub>2</sub>, Cl<sub>2</sub>, Br<sub>2</sub>, I<sub>2</sub>) <sub> </sub></strong></p>
<p><img decoding="async" class="aligncenter" style="width: 357px; display: block; margin: 0px auto;" src="https://cdn-web.ruangguru.com/landing-pages/assets/hs/gambar%20reaksi%20adisi%202.jpg" alt="alkuna" width="357" /></p>
<p><strong>c. Reaksi adisi dengan HX (X = F, Cl, Br, I)</strong></p>
<p><img decoding="async" class="aligncenter" style="width: 449px; display: block; margin: 0px auto;" src="https://cdn-web.ruangguru.com/landing-pages/assets/hs/gambar%20reaksi%20adisi%203.jpg" alt="alkuna" width="449" /></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Pada reaksi adisi propuna dengan HX, berlaku hukum Markovnikov. Atom H dari asam akan berikatan pada atom C ikatan rangkap yang lebih banyak mengikat atom H.</p>
<div style="text-align: center;"><img decoding="async" style="width: 480px; display: block; margin: 0px auto;" src="https://cdn-web.ruangguru.com/landing-pages/assets/hs/alkuna%20pusing.gif" alt="alkuna" width="480" /><em style="background-color: transparent;">Duh</em><span style="background-color: transparent;">, aku pusing! (sumber: giphy.com)</span></div>
<p> </p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Tenang, meskipun reaksi-reaksi di atas terlihat cukup rumit, tapi intinya, pada reaksi adisi kita ingin mengubah ikatan rangkap pada atom C menjadi ikatan tunggal. Caranya, dengan menambahkan atom-atom lain, seperti H<sub>2</sub>, X<sub>2</sub>, dan HX.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><em>Nah</em>, akhirnya, kita masuk ke bahasan terakhir kita, <em>nih</em>, yaitu manfaat alkuna. Penasaran apa saja manfaatnya? <em>Yuk</em>, langsung saja kita simak!</p>
<p> </p>
<h2>Manfaat Alkuna dalam Kehidupan</h2>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Alkuna dapat digunakan sebagai<strong> bahan baku pembuat bahan-bahan sintetis</strong>, seperti plastik. Salah satu jenis alkuna yang paling sederhana, yaitu etuna atau lebih dikenal dengan<strong> asetilen</strong> banyak digunakan sebagai bahan bakar untuk <strong>proses pengelasan, pemotongan besi dan logam, serta membantu mempercepat pematangan buah</strong>.</p>
<p style="text-align: center;">—</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Gimana nih teman-teman, sekarang kamu sudah tahu <em>kan</em> apa itu alkuna, macam-macam sifatnya, serta fungsi alkuna dalam kehidupan. Bagi kamu yang masih penasaran dengan materi alkuna ini, kamu bisa <em>lho</em> mempelajarinya lewat video beranimasi di <a href="https://ruangguru.onelink.me/blPk/eaff0eb9"><strong>ruangbelajar</strong></a>.</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><a class="rg-cta" style="text-align: center;" href="https://link.ruangguru.com/blPk/eaff0eb9" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img decoding="async" class="aligncenter" src="https://cdn-web.ruangguru.com/landing-pages/assets/cta/0ec4a2df-db2e-4ae1-8473-692756dcb684.jpeg" alt="IDN CTA Blog ruangbelajar Ruangguru" width="822" height="200" /></a></p>
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<div class="d-lg-none text-center">
<nav class="footer-menu social">
<p class="title">Ikuti Kami</p>
<a target="_blank" href="https://www.instagram.com/ruangguru/">
<picture>
<source srcset="https://cdn-web-2.ruangguru.com/static/instagram.png?height=60&convert=webp" type="image/webp">
<source srcset="https://cdn-web-2.ruangguru.com/static/instagram.png?height=60" type="image/png">
<img src="https://cdn-web-2.ruangguru.com/static/instagram.png" loading="lazy" alt="Logo Instagram Footer" width="32px" height="32px" />
</picture>
</a>
<a target="_blank" href="https://www.facebook.com/ruanggurucom/">
<picture>
<source srcset="https://cdn-web-2.ruangguru.com/static/facebook.png?height=60&convert=webp" type="image/webp">
<source srcset="https://cdn-web-2.ruangguru.com/static/facebook.png?height=60" type="image/png">
<img src="https://cdn-web-2.ruangguru.com/static/facebook.png" loading="lazy" alt="Logo Facebook Footer" width="32px" height="32px" />
</picture>
</a>
<a target="_blank" href="https://twitter.com/ruangguru/">
<picture>
<source srcset="https://cdn-web-2.ruangguru.com/static/twitter.png?height=60&convert=webp" type="image/webp">
<source srcset="https://cdn-web-2.ruangguru.com/static/twitter.png?height=60" type="image/png">
<img src="https://cdn-web-2.ruangguru.com/static/twitter.png" loading=" lazy" alt="Logo Twitter Footer" width="32px" height="32px" />
</picture>
</a>
<a target="_blank" href="https://www.youtube.com/ruangguru">
<picture>
<source srcset="https://cdn-web-2.ruangguru.com/static/youtube.png?height=60&convert=webp" type="image/webp">
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<img src="https://cdn-web-2.ruangguru.com/static/youtube.png" loading=" lazy" alt="Logo Youtube Footer" width="32px" height="32px" />
</picture>
</a>
<a target="_blank" href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/ruangguru-com">
<picture>
<source srcset="https://cdn-web-2.ruangguru.com/static/linkedin.png?height=60&convert=webp" type="image/webp">
<source srcset="https://cdn-web-2.ruangguru.com/static/linkedin.png?height=60" type="image/png">
<img src="https://cdn-web-2.ruangguru.com/static/linkedin.png" loading=" lazy" alt="Logo LinkedIn Footer" width="32px" height="32px" />
</picture>
</a>
<a target="_blank" href="https://www.tiktok.com/@ruangguru">
<picture>
<source srcset="https://cdn-web-2.ruangguru.com/static/tiktok.png?height=60&convert=webp" type="image/webp">
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<img src="https://cdn-web-2.ruangguru.com/static/tiktok.png" loading=" lazy" alt="Logo TikTok Footer" width="32px" height="32px" />
</picture>
</a>
</nav>
</div>
<p class="footer-copyright">
© 2026 All Rights Reserved PT. Ruang Raya Indonesia
</p>
</div>
<style>
.bantuan-container {
position: relative;
}
.bantuan-element {
position: fixed;
z-index: 999;
display: flex;
align-items: flex-end;
justify-content: flex-end;
cursor: pointer;
transition: all 0.6s ease;
}
.bantuan-top {
bottom: 11rem;
right: 2rem;
}
.bantuan-bottom {
bottom: 2rem;
right: 2rem;
}
.bantuan-top-2 {
bottom: 15rem;
right: 2rem;
}
.bantuan-top-3 {
bottom: 19rem;
right: 2rem;
}
.bantuan-bottom-2 {
bottom: 5rem;
right: 2rem;
}
.bantuan-bottom-3 {
bottom: 8rem;
right: 2rem;
}
@media (min-width: 768px) {
.bantuan-element img {
width: auto;
transition: all 0.4s ease;
}
.bantuan-top img {
width: 140px;
}
.bantuan-bottom img {
width: 140px;
}
.bantuan-top-2 img,
.bantuan-top-3 img {
width: 140px;
}
.bantuan-bottom-2 img,
.bantuan-bottom-3 img {
width: 140px;
}
.bantuan-element.clicked {
bottom: 9rem;
right: 2.5rem;
}
.bantuan-element.clicked img {
width: auto;
height: 64px;
}
}
@media (max-width: 767px) {
.bantuan-top {
bottom: 8rem;
right: 1rem;
align-items: center;
}
.bantuan-bottom {
bottom: 2rem;
right: 1.25rem;
align-items: center;
}
.bantuan-top-2 {
bottom: 12rem;
right: 1rem;
align-items: center;
}
.bantuan-top-3 {
bottom: 16rem;
right: 1rem;
align-items: center;
}
.bantuan-bottom-2 {
bottom: 5rem;
right: 1.25rem;
align-items: center;
}
.bantuan-bottom-3 {
bottom: 8rem;
right: 1.25rem;
align-items: center;
}
.bantuan-element img {
width: auto;
}
.bantuan-top img,
.bantuan-top-2 img,
.bantuan-top-3 img {
width: 96px;
}
.bantuan-bottom img,
.bantuan-bottom-2 img,
.bantuan-bottom-3 img {
width: 96px;
}
}
.bantuan-element:hover {
transform: scale(1.05);
}
.bantuan-element img {
max-width: 100%;
height: auto;
}
</style>
<div id="bantuan-divs-container" style="position: relative" data-product="ruangguru" data-table="rg_floating_icon"></div>
<script>
class FloatingDivsComponent {
constructor(product = 'ruangguru', table = 'rg_floating_icon') {
this.container = document.getElementById('bantuan-divs-container');
this.floatingElements = [];
this.product = product;
this.table = table;
// Configuration
this.config = {
baseApiUrl: 'https://gw.ruangguru.com/api/v3/rdb/p_ddgy8hjx5dxsqx/rg_banner/views/',
apiKey: 'vLyK3dJrDBRmOwueX2OJXibMkgsUbBk0WS4ua2p1',
maxElements: 2,
zIndexBase: 100,
};
// Build dynamic API URL based on table parameter
this.config.apiUrl = this.buildApiUrl();
this.init();
}
buildApiUrl() {
const baseUrl = this.config.baseApiUrl;
const tableName = this.table || 'rg_floating_icon';
const queryParams =
'offset=0&limit=99999&sort=rankPosition&where=(type,eq,floating)~and(showIn,anyof,blog)~and(hide,is,false)~and(product,eq,' +
this.product +
')&nested%5Bcta%5D%5Bfields%5D=Id,name,ctaId,imageUrl,ctaLink,targetUrl';
return `${baseUrl}${tableName}?${queryParams}`;
}
async init() {
try {
await this.fetchFloatingElements();
this.renderFloatingElements();
} catch (error) {
console.error('Failed to initialize floating divs component:', error);
}
}
async fetchFloatingElements() {
try {
const options = {
method: 'GET',
headers: {
'xc-token': this.config.apiKey || 'vLyK3dJrDBRmOwueX2OJXibMkgsUbBk0WS4ua2p1',
},
};
const urlNoco = this.config.apiUrl;
const response = await fetch(urlNoco, options);
if (!response.ok) {
throw new Error(`HTTP error! status: ${response.status}`);
}
const data = await response.json();
this.floatingElements = this.processApiResponse(data);
} catch (error) {
console.error('Error fetching floating elements:', error);
throw error;
}
}
processApiResponse(data) {
if (!data || !data.list || !Array.isArray(data.list)) {
return [];
}
console.log(data.list);
// Ensure we only get maximum 2 elements
const limitedElements = data.list.slice(0, this.config.maxElements);
return limitedElements;
}
renderFloatingElements() {
if (!this.container || this.floatingElements.length === 0) {
return;
}
// Additional safeguard: ensure we never render more than maxElements
const elementsToRender = this.floatingElements.slice(0, this.config.maxElements);
// Clean up existing elements and their event listeners
this.cleanupExistingElements();
// Clear existing content
this.container.innerHTML = '';
elementsToRender.forEach((element, index) => {
const floatingDiv = this.createFloatingDiv(element, index);
this.container.appendChild(floatingDiv);
});
}
cleanupExistingElements() {
// Clear existing elements (no need for event listener cleanup with CSS approach)
const existingElements = this.container.querySelectorAll('[data-floating-element]');
existingElements.forEach(element => {
element.remove();
});
}
createFloatingDiv(element, index) {
const div = document.createElement('div');
const cta = element.cta[0]; // Use the first CTA
// Add data attribute for cleanup tracking
div.setAttribute('data-floating-element', 'true');
// Apply CSS classes based on rankPosition
const positionClass = this.getPositionClass(element.rankPosition, index);
div.className = `bantuan-element ${positionClass}`;
div.style.zIndex = this.config.zIndexBase + index;
// Create the link and image
const link = document.createElement('a');
link.href = 'https://cta.ruangguru.com/' + cta.ctaId || '#';
link.target = '_blank';
// Add tracking attributes
link.setAttribute('data-tracking-event-type', 'landing_page__core__item_click');
link.setAttribute(
'data-tracking-context',
JSON.stringify({
product_name: this.product,
cta_action: 'redirection',
cta_action_detail: link.href,
item_type: 'floating',
item_name: element.name || 'Floating element',
item_category: 'payment',
item_position: index,
item_serial: null,
section_type: 'floating_item',
section_position: 'body',
section_name: 'floating_item',
})
);
const img = document.createElement('img');
img.src = element.imageUrl + '?h=200&convert=webp';
img.alt = element.name || 'Floating element';
img.loading = 'lazy';
// Add click tracking
link.addEventListener('click', () => {
this.trackClick(element, cta);
});
link.appendChild(img);
div.appendChild(link);
return div;
}
getPositionClass(rankPosition, index) {
// Define positioning classes based on rankPosition
if (rankPosition === 1) {
return 'bantuan-top'; // Top position
} else if (rankPosition === 2) {
return 'bantuan-bottom'; // Bottom position
} else {
// For additional elements, distribute them evenly
return `bantuan-${index % 2 === 0 ? 'top' : 'bottom'}-${Math.floor(index / 2) + 1}`;
}
}
trackClick(element, cta) {
// Implement click tracking logic here
console.log('Floating element clicked:', {
elementId: element.Id,
elementName: cta.name,
ctaId: cta.ctaId,
targetUrl: cta.targetUrl,
});
}
// Public method to manually refresh
async refresh() {
try {
await this.fetchFloatingElements();
this.renderFloatingElements();
} catch (error) {
console.error('Failed to refresh floating elements:', error);
throw error;
}
}
// Public method to get current floating elements
getFloatingElements() {
return [...this.floatingElements];
}
}
// Initialize the component when DOM is ready
document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => {
// Get product and table parameters from data attributes
const container = document.getElementById('bantuan-divs-container');
const product = container.getAttribute('data-product') || 'ruangguru';
const table = container.getAttribute('data-table') || 'rg_floating_icon';
new FloatingDivsComponent(product, table);
});
// Export for use in other modules if needed
if (typeof module !== 'undefined' && module.exports) {
module.exports = FloatingDivsComponent;
}
</script> <div id="wp-install-nudge" style="
position: fixed;
bottom: 0rem;
right: 0;
z-index: 999;
cursor: pointer;
"></div>
<script>
(function (w, d, s, o, f, js, fjs) {
w['Sales-Nudge-Widget'] = o; w[o] = w[o] || function () { (w[o].q = w[o].q || []).push(arguments) };
js = d.createElement(s), fjs = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0];
js.id = o; js.src = f; js.async = 1; fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs);
}(window, document, 'script', 'wpInstallNudge', 'https://cdn-web-2.ruangguru.com/sales-nudge/6198a95130/dist/widget.js'));
wpInstallNudge('init', { targetElementId: 'wp-install-nudge', clientTarget: 'ruangguru_blog' });
</script>
<script>
// note: disabled due to auto reload page
// var lastScrollTop = 0;
// $(window).scroll(function(event){
// var st = $(this).scrollTop();
// if (st > lastScrollTop){
// $('#wp-install-nudge').slideDown( "slow", function() {});
// } else {
// $('#wp-install-nudge').slideUp( "slow", function() {});
// }
// lastScrollTop = st;
// });
// $(document).ready(function () {
// $("#wp-install-nudge").hide();
// });
$('#wp-install-nudge').click(function(){
Analytics.track("promotion__install_nudge__click",
{
user_email: "ruangguru@blog.com",
cta_link: widgetData.dataConfig.target_link
}).catch((err) => {
console.log("tracker error", err);
});
});
</script>
</footer>
<div id="__next"></div>
<script type="speculationrules">
{"prefetch":[{"source":"document","where":{"and":[{"href_matches":"\/blog\/*"},{"not":{"href_matches":["\/blog\/wp-*.php","\/blog\/wp-admin\/*","\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/*","\/blog\/wp-content\/*","\/blog\/wp-content\/plugins\/*","\/blog\/wp-content\/themes\/ruangguru\/*","\/blog\/*\\?(.+)"]}},{"not":{"selector_matches":"a[rel~=\"nofollow\"]"}},{"not":{"selector_matches":".no-prefetch, .no-prefetch a"}}]},"eagerness":"conservative"}]}
</script>
<script>
async function getCtaDetails(ctaIds) {
const endpoint =
" https://gw.ruangguru.com/api/v3/rdb/p_ddgy8hjx5dxsqx/CTA/views/CTA?offset=0&limit=10&where=(ctaId,in," + ctaIds.toString() + ")";
try {
const response = await fetch(endpoint, {
headers: {
"xc-token": "-hG2nBDJzSj0agSgNtcJx97M4F02y54nUMoY6plJ",
},
});
const data = await response.json();
const ctaList = data?.list || [];
const ctaMap = new Map();
for (const ctaData of ctaList) {
ctaMap.set(ctaData.ctaId, ctaData);
}
return ctaMap;
} catch (error) {
console.error("Error fetching CTA details:", error);
return new Map();
}
}
async function replaceCTA() {
const regex = /{{cta\((‘(.*?)’|“(.*?)”)\)}}/g;
const bodyHTML = document.body.innerHTML;
const matches = Array.from(bodyHTML.matchAll(regex));
const ctaIds = matches.map((match) => {
let ctaId = match[2] ?? match[3];
return ctaId;
});
const ctaMap = await getCtaDetails(ctaIds);
const replacedHTML = bodyHTML.replace(regex, (match, _inner, ctaId1, ctaId2) => {
const ctaId = ctaId1 ?? ctaId2;
const ctaData = ctaMap.get(ctaId);
if (ctaData) {
return `<a href="https://cta.ruangguru.com/${ctaData.ctaId}" target="_${ctaData.targetType}" style="position:relative;display:inline-block;">
<img src="${ctaData.imageUrl}" loading="lazy" alt="${ctaData.altText}" />
</a>`;
} else {
return match;
}
});
document.body.innerHTML = replacedHTML;
}
</script>
<meta name="author" content="Ruangguru Tech Team">
<!-- Google Tag Manager (noscript) -->
<noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-PVNLZFT" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript>
<!-- Tracker -->
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn-web-2.ruangguru.com/landing-page-web/public/staticpages/global-assets/js/cta.js"></script>
<script src="https://unpkg.com/@dotlottie/player-component@latest/dist/dotlottie-player.mjs" type="module"></script>
</body>
</html>