Сингапурские и южнокорейские инженеры разработали систему, чтобы определять работу микрофона в ноутбуке на уровне железа. Они прикрепили к ноутбуку приёмопередатчик, который определяет тактовый сигнал, кодирующий режим работы микрофона.
Исследователи также написали подробную статью и выложили её на arXiv.org.
Схематичная работа системы. Источник:
arXiv.org
Обычно доступ к микрофону и веб-камере на ноутбуках предоставляет операционная система. И это единственный способ сделать их приватными. В Windows и macOS даже есть специальные программные индикаторы, которые фиксируют, включены ли микрофон и камеры.
Главная проблема такого способа защиты — то, что её можно потенциально обойти и остаться незамеченным. Поэтому инженеры устанавливают в ноутбуке специальные светодиодные индикаторы, которые показывают, что камера включена. Но с микрофоном такой аппаратной защиты нет.
Инженеры из Университета Ёнсе разработали метод, который определяет работу микрофона по возникающим электромагнитным сигналам. Это можно использовать с большинством микрофонов, которые устанавливают в современные ноутбуки.
Такие микрофоны используют тактовый сигнал в диапазоне 1–4,8 МГц, который приводит их в активный режим. Ещё есть сигнал для перевода микрофона в спящий режим — ниже 250 кГц.
Сигналы, которые использует большинство микрофонов на ноутбуках. Источник:
arXiv.org
Инженеры предложили обнаруживать сигналы с помощью зонда ближнего поля, который определяет изменения электрического поля. Они поставили его рядом с микрофоном и начали записывать данные с включённым и выключенным микрофоном, чтобы определить частоту тактового сигнала для конкретной модели.
Инженеры собрали устройство с помощью SDR-приёмопередатчика SDRPlay RSP-1 и платы Raspberry Pi 4B. Затем они протестировали его на 30 ноутбуках и смогли обнаружить стабильный тактовый сигнал на 27 моделях. Три оставшихся — ноутбуки модели MacBook: они используют частоты, которые отличаются от распространённых.
Кроме ноутбуков, инженеры протестировали устройство на смартфонах, планшетах, веб-камерах и умных колонках. В большинстве случаев метод сработал.
Устройство, собранное инженерами. Источник:
arXiv.org
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<div class="header-banner topBanner" data-type="header" style="display: block; position: sticky; top: 0; z-index: 999;">
<a data-source="213169" data-banner="226288" class="universal-notice js-universal-notice-notice universal-notice--webp universal-notice--bitrix universal-notice--active" href="https://skillbox.ru/sale/main/?utm_source=media&utm_medium=banners&utm_campaign=all_all_media_banners_banners_header_all_all_skillbox" target="_blank" style="--banner-bg: #5927E9;--banner-color: #fff;--button-font-color: #000000;--button-bg-color: #FFFFFF;--banner-img-left: url(https://cdn.skillbox.pro/mainsite/banners/promo_picture_left/602754/f9ac17dd-a1d4-46c6-aa14-4f7b949defd1.png);--banner-img-left-webp: url(https://cdn.skillbox.pro/mainsite/banners/promo_picture_left/602754/f9ac17dd-a1d4-46c6-aa14-4f7b949defd1.webp);--banner-img-center: url(https://cdn.skillbox.pro/mainsite/banners/promo_picture_center/602507/232fc4a5-b130-4af2-a629-bdb293a4dd2e.png);--banner-img-center-webp: url(https://cdn.skillbox.pro/mainsite/banners/promo_picture_center/602507/232fc4a5-b130-4af2-a629-bdb293a4dd2e.webp);--banner-img-center-mobile: url(https://cdn.skillbox.pro/mainsite/banners/promo_picture_center/602507/232fc4a5-b130-4af2-a629-bdb293a4dd2e.png);--banner-img-center-mobile-webp: url(https://cdn.skillbox.pro/mainsite/banners/promo_picture_center/602507/232fc4a5-b130-4af2-a629-bdb293a4dd2e.webp);--banner-img-right: url(https://cdn.skillbox.pro/mainsite/banners/promo_picture_right/602755/ad7a7fe5-b8d3-47a3-885b-51a7971c12a9.png);--banner-img-right-webp: url(https://cdn.skillbox.pro/mainsite/banners/promo_picture_right/602755/ad7a7fe5-b8d3-47a3-885b-51a7971c12a9.webp);">
<span class="universal-notice__wrapper">
<b class="universal-notice__title">
Скидка до 55% и 3 курса в подарок
</b>
<span class="universal-timer js-universal-notice-timer js-universal-notice-active">
<span class="universal-timer__days js-universal-notice-days">2 дня</span>
<span class="js-universal-notice-hours">13</span>
:<span class="js-universal-notice-minutes">30</span>
:<span class="js-universal-notice-seconds">09</span>
</span>
<span class="universal-notice__button">Выбрать курс</span>
</span>
</a><script>
document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => {
// Установите конечную дату
const deadline = new Date();
deadline.setDate(5);
deadline.setHours(0, 0, 0);
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var timer = document.querySelector('.universal-timer');
const elDays = timer.querySelector('.js-universal-notice-days');
const elHours = timer.querySelector('.js-universal-notice-hours');
const elMinutes = timer.querySelector('.js-universal-notice-minutes');
const elSeconds = timer.querySelector('.js-universal-notice-seconds');
// Функция обновления таймера
const updateTimer = () => {
const now = new Date();
let diff = Math.max(0, deadline - now);
if (diff === 0) {
let lastDayOfMonth = new Date(now.getFullYear(), now.getMonth() + 1, 0);
let lastDay = lastDayOfMonth.getDate();
if (lastDay - now.getDate() < 4) {
deadline.setMonth(deadline.getMonth() + 1, 1);
} else {
deadline.setDate(deadline.getDate() + 4);
}
diff = Math.max(0, deadline - now);
}
// Time calculations for days, hours, minutes and seconds
var days = Math.floor(diff / (1000 * 60 * 60 * 24));
var hours = Math.floor((diff % (1000 * 60 * 60 * 24)) / (1000 * 60 * 60)).toString();
var minutes = Math.floor((diff % (1000 * 60 * 60)) / (1000 * 60)).toString();
var seconds = Math.floor((diff % (1000 * 60)) / 1000).toString();
if (timer) {
let dayTitles = ['день', 'дня', 'дней'];
let daySuffix = dayTitles[(days % 100 > 4 && days % 100 < 20) ? 2 : [2, 0, 1, 1, 1, 2][days % 10 < 5 ? days % 10 : 5]]
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elHours.innerHTML = hours.padStart(2, '0');
elMinutes.innerHTML = minutes.padStart(2, '0');
elSeconds.innerHTML = seconds.padStart(2, '0');
}
};
updateTimer();
const timerId = setInterval(updateTimer, 1000);
});
</script>
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</div> <div data-area="article" data-title="Исследователи научились определять работу микрофона в ноутбуках на аппаратном уровне / Skillbox Media" class=" noFullClass">
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<li class="info-item"> <time class="info-text" datatime="#">15 сен 2022</time></li>
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<h1 class="article-preview__title">Исследователи научились определять работу микрофона в ноутбуках на аппаратном уровне</h1>
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Дмитрий Зверев </div>
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Любитель научной фантастики и технологического прогресса. Хорошо сочетает в себе заумного технаря и утончённого гуманитария. Пишет про IT и радуется этому. </div>
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<div class="stk-post stk-layout_12col_18068 stk-theme_26309" data-stk="{"images":[{"id":40734,"alt":"","caption":""},{"id":40733,"alt":"","caption":""},{"id":40732,"alt":"","caption":""}]}" data-ui-id="post" data-ce-tag="post" data-reset-type="class" data-layout-type="auto" data-editor-version="3.2.8-rc1"><h3 class="stk-theme_26309__style_medium_header stk-reset" data-ce-tag="paragraph"><strong class="stk-reset">Что случилось</strong></h3><p class="stk-reset" data-ce-tag="paragraph">
Сингапурские и южнокорейские инженеры разработали систему, чтобы определять работу микрофона в ноутбуке на уровне железа. Они прикрепили к ноутбуку приёмопередатчик, который определяет тактовый сигнал, кодирующий режим работы микрофона.
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Исследователи также <a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2209.03197" target="_blank" class="stk-reset">написали</a> подробную статью и выложили её на arXiv.org.
</p><figure class="stk-reset stk-image-figure" data-ce-tag="image-figure"><div class="stk-mask" data-ce-tag="mask"><img width="620" src="/upload/setka_images/11373515092022_c7e33009d4ac655274aca5d770909a93d2c2cebb.jpeg" height="318" data-image-id="40732" data-image-name="83f2c07f2fa55cb10d5618e15bdcbc0e.jpeg" loading="lazy" class="stk-image stk-reset"/></div><figcaption style="display:block" class="stk-reset stk-description" data-ce-tag="description">Схематичная работа системы. Источник: <a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2209.03197" target="_blank" class="stk-reset">arXiv.org</a></figcaption></figure><h3 class="stk-theme_26309__style_medium_header stk-reset" data-ce-tag="paragraph"><strong class="stk-reset">Как система работает</strong></h3><p class="stk-reset" data-ce-tag="paragraph">
Обычно доступ к микрофону и веб-камере на ноутбуках предоставляет операционная система. И это единственный способ сделать их приватными. В Windows и macOS даже есть специальные программные индикаторы, которые фиксируют, включены ли микрофон и камеры.
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Главная проблема такого способа защиты — то, что её можно потенциально обойти и остаться незамеченным. Поэтому инженеры устанавливают в ноутбуке специальные светодиодные индикаторы, которые показывают, что камера включена. Но с микрофоном такой аппаратной защиты нет.
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Инженеры из Университета Ёнсе разработали метод, который определяет работу микрофона по возникающим электромагнитным сигналам. Это можно использовать с большинством микрофонов, которые устанавливают в современные ноутбуки.
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Такие микрофоны используют тактовый сигнал в диапазоне 1–4,8 МГц, который приводит их в активный режим. Ещё есть сигнал для перевода микрофона в спящий режим — ниже 250 кГц.
</p><figure class="stk-reset stk-image-figure" data-ce-tag="image-figure"><div class="stk-mask" data-ce-tag="mask"><img width="620" src="/upload/setka_images/11373615092022_0fd6977dbdebaf6da5ae9f4b1a7796f904434d6f.jpeg" height="472" data-image-id="40734" data-image-name="b89b1f66e72d5e21375eb66cc0dac2d0.jpeg" loading="lazy" class="stk-image stk-reset"/></div><figcaption style="display:block" class="stk-reset stk-description" data-ce-tag="description">Сигналы, которые использует большинство микрофонов на ноутбуках. Источник: <a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2209.03197" target="_blank" class="stk-reset">arXiv.org</a></figcaption></figure><p class="stk-reset" data-ce-tag="paragraph">
Инженеры предложили обнаруживать сигналы с помощью зонда ближнего поля, который определяет изменения электрического поля. Они поставили его рядом с микрофоном и начали записывать данные с включённым и выключенным микрофоном, чтобы определить частоту тактового сигнала для конкретной модели.
</p><h3 class="stk-theme_26309__style_medium_header stk-reset" data-ce-tag="paragraph"><strong class="stk-reset" data-gtm-vis-has-fired-10171822_255="1">И какие результаты?</strong></h3><p class="stk-reset" data-ce-tag="paragraph">
Инженеры собрали устройство с помощью SDR-приёмопередатчика SDRPlay RSP-1 и платы Raspberry Pi 4B. Затем они протестировали его на 30 ноутбуках и смогли обнаружить стабильный тактовый сигнал на 27 моделях. Три оставшихся — ноутбуки модели MacBook: они используют частоты, которые отличаются от распространённых.
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Кроме ноутбуков, инженеры протестировали устройство на смартфонах, планшетах, веб-камерах и умных колонках. В большинстве случаев метод сработал.
</p><figure class="stk-reset stk-image-figure" data-ce-tag="image-figure"><div class="stk-mask" data-ce-tag="mask"><img width="620" src="/upload/setka_images/11373515092022_d87640f4ac6f4ddbbcee4fc93e4221f681dffced.jpeg" height="338" data-image-id="40733" data-image-name="112bb3fd7065fa56242275519986608a.jpeg" loading="lazy" class="stk-image stk-reset"/></div><figcaption style="display:block" class="stk-reset stk-description" data-ce-tag="description">Устройство, собранное инженерами. Источник: <a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2209.03197" target="_blank" class="stk-reset">arXiv.org</a></figcaption></figure><div class="stk-grid" data-ce-tag="grid"><div data-col-width="12" class="stk-grid-col stk-grid-col_last" data-ce-tag="grid-col"><div class="stk-grid" data-stk-css="stkI7zWy" data-ce-tag="grid"><div data-col-width="12" class="stk-theme_26309__pad_round_1 stk-grid-col stk-grid-col_last" data-ce-tag="grid-col"><p class=" stk-theme_26309__style_small_text stk-reset stk-theme_26309__mb_05" data-ce-tag="paragraph">
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