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<div class="header-banner topBanner" data-type="header" style="display: block; position: sticky; top: 0; z-index: 999;">
<a data-source="212252" data-banner="226288" class="universal-notice js-universal-notice-notice universal-notice--webp universal-notice--bitrix universal-notice--active" href="https://skillbox.ru/sale/main/?utm_source=media&utm_medium=banners&utm_campaign=all_all_media_banners_banners_header_all_all_skillbox" target="_blank" style="--banner-bg: #5927E9;--banner-color: #fff;--button-font-color: #000000;--button-bg-color: #FFFFFF;--banner-img-left: url(https://cdn.skillbox.pro/mainsite/banners/promo_picture_left/602754/f9ac17dd-a1d4-46c6-aa14-4f7b949defd1.png);--banner-img-left-webp: url(https://cdn.skillbox.pro/mainsite/banners/promo_picture_left/602754/f9ac17dd-a1d4-46c6-aa14-4f7b949defd1.webp);--banner-img-center: url(https://cdn.skillbox.pro/mainsite/banners/promo_picture_center/602507/232fc4a5-b130-4af2-a629-bdb293a4dd2e.png);--banner-img-center-webp: url(https://cdn.skillbox.pro/mainsite/banners/promo_picture_center/602507/232fc4a5-b130-4af2-a629-bdb293a4dd2e.webp);--banner-img-center-mobile: url(https://cdn.skillbox.pro/mainsite/banners/promo_picture_center/602507/232fc4a5-b130-4af2-a629-bdb293a4dd2e.png);--banner-img-center-mobile-webp: url(https://cdn.skillbox.pro/mainsite/banners/promo_picture_center/602507/232fc4a5-b130-4af2-a629-bdb293a4dd2e.webp);--banner-img-right: url(https://cdn.skillbox.pro/mainsite/banners/promo_picture_right/602755/ad7a7fe5-b8d3-47a3-885b-51a7971c12a9.png);--banner-img-right-webp: url(https://cdn.skillbox.pro/mainsite/banners/promo_picture_right/602755/ad7a7fe5-b8d3-47a3-885b-51a7971c12a9.webp);">
<span class="universal-notice__wrapper">
<b class="universal-notice__title">
Скидка до 55% и 3 курса в подарок
</b>
<span class="universal-timer js-universal-notice-timer js-universal-notice-active">
<span class="universal-timer__days js-universal-notice-days">2 дня</span>
<span class="js-universal-notice-hours">13</span>
:<span class="js-universal-notice-minutes">30</span>
:<span class="js-universal-notice-seconds">09</span>
</span>
<span class="universal-notice__button">Выбрать курс</span>
</span>
</a><script>
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deadline.setDate(5);
deadline.setHours(0, 0, 0);
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const elHours = timer.querySelector('.js-universal-notice-hours');
const elMinutes = timer.querySelector('.js-universal-notice-minutes');
const elSeconds = timer.querySelector('.js-universal-notice-seconds');
// Функция обновления таймера
const updateTimer = () => {
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let diff = Math.max(0, deadline - now);
if (diff === 0) {
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let lastDay = lastDayOfMonth.getDate();
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deadline.setMonth(deadline.getMonth() + 1, 1);
} else {
deadline.setDate(deadline.getDate() + 4);
}
diff = Math.max(0, deadline - now);
}
// Time calculations for days, hours, minutes and seconds
var days = Math.floor(diff / (1000 * 60 * 60 * 24));
var hours = Math.floor((diff % (1000 * 60 * 60 * 24)) / (1000 * 60 * 60)).toString();
var minutes = Math.floor((diff % (1000 * 60 * 60)) / (1000 * 60)).toString();
var seconds = Math.floor((diff % (1000 * 60)) / 1000).toString();
if (timer) {
let dayTitles = ['день', 'дня', 'дней'];
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elMinutes.innerHTML = minutes.padStart(2, '0');
elSeconds.innerHTML = seconds.padStart(2, '0');
}
};
updateTimer();
const timerId = setInterval(updateTimer, 1000);
});
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</div> <div data-area="article" data-title="Исследователи узнали, что по Bluetooth-сигналу можно отслеживать геолокацию смартфонов / Skillbox Media" class=" noFullClass">
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<li class="info-item"> <time class="info-text" datatime="#">17 июн 2022</time></li>
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<h1 class="article-preview__title">Исследователи узнали, что по Bluetooth-сигналу можно отслеживать геолокацию смартфонов</h1>
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Дмитрий Зверев </div>
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Любитель научной фантастики и технологического прогресса. Хорошо сочетает в себе заумного технаря и утончённого гуманитария. Пишет про IT и радуется этому. </div>
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<h3 class="stk-theme_26309__style_medium_header stk-reset" data-ce-tag="paragraph"><strong class="stk-reset">Что случилось</strong></h3>
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Группа академиков из Калифорнийского университета в Сан-Диего <a href="https://jacobsschool.ucsd.edu/news/release/3461" target="_blank" class="stk-reset">показали</a>, как Bluetooth-сигналы можно разложить по подобию отпечатка пальца и получить данные о смартфоне. Такая идентификация происходит из-за неидеальности Bluetooth-чипов, которые создают уникальный «отпечаток» смартфона.
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«Чтобы получить такой отпечаток, хакеру нужно иметь программно определяемую радиосистему. Это радиоприёмник, который умеет записывать сырые IQ-радиосигналы», — сказал один из исследователей в статье «<a href="https://cseweb.ucsd.edu/~schulman/docs/oakland22-bletracking.pdf" target="_blank" class="stk-reset">Evaluating Physical-Layer BLE Location Tracking Attacks on Mobile Devices</a>».
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<h3 class="stk-theme_26309__style_medium_header stk-reset" data-ce-tag="paragraph"><strong class="stk-reset">Как это работает</strong></h3>
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Эти <a href="https://pluralistic.net/2021/10/21/sidechannels/#ble-eding" target="_blank" class="stk-reset">атаки</a> возможны благодаря маяку Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE), который непрерывно исходит от современных смартфонов. Он нужен, чтобы включать важные функции — например, <a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2" target="_blank" class="stk-reset">отслеживание контактов в здравоохранении</a>.
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Аппаратный дефект происходит из того факта, что Wi-Fi- и BLE-компоненты зачастую интегрированы в общий чип. Это даёт доступ Bluetooth к тем же метрикам, которые использует и Wi-Fi-модуль, — <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carrier_frequency_offset" target="_blank" class="stk-reset">смещению частоты</a> и <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IQ_imbalance" target="_blank" class="stk-reset">IQ-дисбалансу</a>. Поэтому если получить Bluetooth-сигнал смартфона, то по нему можно с лёгкостью узнать геолокацию пользователя.
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<figure class="stk-code_keep-ratio stk-reset stk-embed_rendered" data-embed-link="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zrU9x-iHgQk" data-ce-tag="embed"><code class="stk-code" style="--stk-embed-height-ratio:56.21%"><iframe class="embedly-embed" src="//cdn.embedly.com/widgets/media.html?src=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fembed%2FzrU9x-iHgQk%3Ffeature%3Doembed&display_name=YouTube&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DzrU9x-iHgQk&image=https%3A%2F%2Fi.ytimg.com%2Fvi%2FzrU9x-iHgQk%2Fhqdefault.jpg&key=8d3909c69dfb4ee29c710191d8dd756a&type=text%2Fhtml&schema=youtube" width="854" height="480" scrolling="no" title="YouTube embed" frameborder="0" allow="autoplay; fullscreen" allowfullscreen="true"></iframe></code><figcaption class="stk-reset stk-description" data-ce-tag="description">Видео команды исследователей</figcaption></figure>
<h3 class="stk-theme_26309__style_medium_header stk-reset" data-ce-tag="paragraph"><strong class="stk-reset">Что делать, чтобы защититься</strong></h3>
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Исследователи говорят, что для атаки хакеру нужно справиться с несколько трудностями. Главная из них в том, что определить уникальность смартфона очень сложно, потому что на разных устройствах могут быть похожие сигналы, которые практически невозможно различить.
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Другие проблемы — это температура устройства и разная сила BLE-сигналов на iPhone и Android. Они мешают распознаванию «отпечатка» смартфона. Поэтому злоумышленникам нужно использовать очень качественный прослушиватель, чтобы произвести атаку.
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«Мы изучали практичность таких атак в полевых условиях, в частности — в таких оживлённых местах, как кофейни, и выяснили, что только определённые устройства имеют уникальные „отпечатки“. Такие устройства как раз и подвержены атакам. Но зачастую „отпечатки“ идентифицируются неверно», — рассказали исследователи.
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\r\n\u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u0432 \u0421\u0430\u043d-\u0414\u0438\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b\u0438 , \u043a\u0430\u043a Bluetooth-\u0441\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044b \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0431\u0438\u044e \u043e\u0442\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0446\u0430 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043e \u0441\u043c\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0444\u043e\u043d\u0435. \u0422\u0430\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0438\u0437-\u0437\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 Bluetooth-\u0447\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0432, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u00ab\u043e\u0442\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043a\u00bb \u0441\u043c\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0444\u043e\u043d\u0430. \r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u00ab\u0427\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043a, \u0445\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0440\u0443 \r\n\u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u043d\u043e \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0435\u043c\u0443\u044e \u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0451\u043c\u043d\u0438\u043a, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0443\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u044b\u0440\u044b\u0435 IQ-\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044b\u00bb, \u2014 \u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0438\u0437 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0435 \u00abEvaluating Physical-Layer BLE Location Tracking Attacks on Mobile Devices [ https:\/\/cseweb.ucsd.edu\/~schulman\/docs\/oakland22-bletracking.pdf ] \u00bb. \u041a\u0430\u043a \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \r\n\r\n\u042d\u0442\u0438 \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438 [ https:\/\/pluralistic.net\/2021\/10\/21\/sidechannels\/#ble-eding ] \r\n\u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044b \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0440\u044f \u043c\u0430\u044f\u043a\u0443 Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE), \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0440\u044b\u0432\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u043e\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u043c\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0444\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432. \u041e\u043d \u043d\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u2014 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u043e\u0442\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0432 \u0437\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 [ https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%9E%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2 ] . \r\n\r\n\u0410\u043f\u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u0435\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0438\u0437 \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \r\n\u0444\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0430, \u0447\u0442\u043e Wi-Fi- \u0438 BLE-\u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b \u0437\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0443\u044e \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u044b \u0432 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0447\u0438\u043f. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u0434\u0430\u0451\u0442 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f Bluetooth \u043a \u0442\u0435\u043c \u0436\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043c, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0438 Wi-Fi-\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u044c, \u2014 \u0441\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0438 IQ-\u0434\u0438\u0441\u0431\u0430\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0443 . \u041f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c Bluetooth-\u0441\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u043b \u0441\u043c\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0444\u043e\u043d\u0430, \u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e \u043d\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0441 \u043b\u0451\u0433\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e \u0443\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0433\u0435\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f. \u0412\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u044b \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0427\u0442\u043e \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044c, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \r\n\r\n\u0418\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e 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\u0441\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044b, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c. \r\n\r\n\u0414\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u044b \u2014 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0435\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \r\n\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0438\u043b\u0430 BLE-\u0441\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u043d\u0430 iPhone \u0438 Android. \u041e\u043d\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0448\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u00ab\u043e\u0442\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043a\u0430\u00bb \u0441\u043c\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0444\u043e\u043d\u0430. \u041f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 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