Artikel Kimia kelas 10 ini menjelaskan tentang cara menentukan bilangan oksidasi disertai dengan contoh soalnya untuk menambah pemahamanmu terhadap materi.
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Teman-teman, dalam materi reaksi reduksi oksidasi (redoks), kita tahu ya bahwa konsep redoks akan melibatkan 4 hal, yaitu oksigen, hidrogen, elektron, dan perpindahan bilangan oksidasi. Nah, untuk kasus konsep reaksi redoks yang melibatkan bilangan oksidasi, kamu harus paham dulu, nih, apa itu bilangan oksidasi, serta aturan-aturannya.
Di artikel kali ini, kita akan bahas materi bilangan oksidasi secara lengkap ya. Mulai dari pengertian, cara menentukan bilangan oksidasi (biloks), dan contohnya untuk meningkatkan pemahaman kamu. Mari kita pelajari bersama!
Konsep Bilangan Oksidasi
Setiap atom terdiri dari inti atom dan elektron yang mengelilinginya. Elektron pada kulit terluar atom disebut elektron valensi. Apabila atom memiliki elektron valensi berjumlah 8 atau 2, maka atom itu akan bersifat stabil, sehingga sulit untuk berikatan dengan atom lain.
Contohnya, seperti atom-atom pada golongan VIIIA (unsur gas mulia). Sementara itu, atom yang tidak memiliki elektron valensi berjumlah 8 atau 2 akan bersifat tidak stabil.
Atom yang sifatnya belum stabil cenderung ingin stabil. Caranya, mereka akan melakukan transfer elektron, yaitu melepaskan atau menerima sejumlah elektron. Akibat dari transfer elektron ini, atom akan memiliki muatan, bisa positif atau negatif.
Atom yang bermuatan positif, artinya atom itu telah melakukan pelepasan elektron, sehingga kehilangan beberapa elektron yang dimilikinya. Sementara itu, atom yang bermuatan negatif, berarti atom itu telah menerima beberapa elektron dari atom lain.
Muatan atom berbeda-beda jumlahnya, tergantung dari seberapa banyak elektron yang dilepas atau diterima oleh atom. Nah, jumlah muatan positif dan negatif pada suatu atom bisa kita sebut dengan bilangan oksidasi (biloks).
Pengertian Bilangan Oksidasi
Dengan kata lain, bilangan oksidasi adalah bilangan yang menyatakan banyaknya jumlah elektron yang diikat atau dilepas oleh atom untuk membentuk ikatan kimia dengan atom lain. Bilangan oksidasi atau biloks dapat bertanda positif, negatif, atau nol. Berikut ini cara penulisan biloks pada suatu unsur:
Baca Juga: Konfigurasi Elektron dan Diagram Orbital
Aturan Penentuan Bilangan Oksidasi
Lalu, bagaimana sih cara menentukan bilangan oksidasi (biloks) suatu unsur? Jadi, ada aturannya, nih. Aturan penentuan bilangan oksidasi merupakan urutan prioritas dalam menentukan biloks unsur. Ada 8 aturan dalam menentukan bilangan oksidasi suatu unsur, di antaranya:
1. Bilangan oksidasi unsur bebas adalah 0
Unsur bebas adalah unsur yang tidak bergabung atau berikatan secara kimia dengan unsur lain. Unsur bebas terbagi menjadi dua, yaitu unsur bebas berbentuk atom, seperti C, Ca, Cu, Na, Fe, Al, Ne dan unsur bebas berbentuk molekul, seperti H2, O2, Cl2, P4, S8. Semua unsur-unsur tersebut akan memiliki bilangan oksidasi 0.
2. Bilangan oksidasi ion monoatom (1 atom) dan poliatom (lebih dari 1 atom) sesuai dengan jenis muatan ionnya
Contoh:
- Bilangan oksidasi ion monoatom Na+, Mg2+, dan Al3+ berturut-turut adalah +1, +2, dan +3.
- Bilangan oksidasi ion poliatom NH4+, SO42-, dan PO43- berturut-turut adalah +1, -2, dan -3.
3. Bilangan oksidasi unsur pada golongan logam IA, IIA, dan IIIA sesuai dengan golongannya
Biloks golongan logam IA = +1
IA = H, Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr = +1.
Contoh: Bilangan oksidasi Na dalam senyawa NaCl adalah +1.
Biloks golongan logam IIA = +2
IIA = Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra = +2.
Contoh: Bilangan oksidasi Mg dalam senyawa MgSO2 adalah +2.
Biloks golongan logam IIIA = +3
IIIA = B, Al, Ga, In, Tl = +3
Contoh: Bilangan oksidasi Al dalam senyawa Al2O3 adalah +3.
4. Bilangan oksidasi unsur golongan transisi (golongan B) lebih dari satu
Contoh:
Bilangan oksidasi Cu = +1 dan +2.
Bilangan oksidasi Au = +1 dan +3.
Bilangan oksidasi Sn = +3 dan +4.
5. Jumlah bilangan oksidasi unsur-unsur yang membentuk ion = jumlah muatannya
Contoh:
NH4+ = +1
Biloks H = +1. Atom H memiliki indeks 4, maka biloks H dikalikan dengan indeks H = +4. Karena jumlah muatan NH4+ = +1, maka biloks N haruslah -3, agar ketika biloks N dan H dijumlahkan, hasilnya sesuai dengan jumlah muatannya, yaitu +1.
6. Jumlah bilangan oksidasi unsur-unsur yang membentuk senyawa = 0
Contoh:
H2O = 0
Biloks H = +1. Atom H memiliki indeks 2, sehingga biloks H dikalikan dengan indeks H = +1 x 2 = +2. Agar jumlah biloks H dan O sama dengan 0, maka biloks O harus bernilai -2.
7. Bilangan oksidasi hidrogen (H) bila berikatan dengan logam = -1. Bila H berikatan dengan non-logam = +1
Contoh:
Biloks H dalam AlH3 = -1.
Bukti:
Atom Al merupakan unsur logam golongan IIIA, sehingga biloks Al = +3. Ingat aturan biloks poin 6, jumlah biloks unsur-unsur yang membentuk senyawa = 0. Jadi, apabila biloks Al dan H dijumlahkan, hasilnya harus 0. Agar biloks Al + biloks H = 0, biloks H haruslah -3. Karena atom H memiliki indeks 3, maka biloks H : indeks H = -3 : 3 = -1. Terbukti jika biloks H dalam AlH3 adalah -1.
8. Bilangan oksidasi oksigen (O) dalam senyawa proksida = -1. Bilangan oksidasi O dalam senyawa non-peroksida = -2
Contoh:
Biloks O dalam BaO2 = -1.
Bukti:
Atom Ba merupakan unsur logam golongan IIA, sehingga biloks Ba = +2. Jumlah biloks Ba dan biloks O harus 0 (aturan biloks poin 6). Oleh sebab itu, biloks O harus bernilai -2. Karena atom O memiliki indeks 2, jadi biloks O : indeks O = -2 : 2 = -1. Terbukti jika biloks O dalam BaO2 adalah -1.
Baca Juga: Mempelajari Konsep Reaksi Reduksi Oksidasi (Redoks)
Gimana, nih, sejauh ini apakah kamu sudah paham mengenai aturan atau cara menentukan bilangan oksidasi suatu unsur? Memang agak bikin pusing, ya. Tapi, kalau kamu rajin berlatih soal, pasti akan mudah paham. Nah, supaya kamu lebih expert lagi, di bawah ini ada beberapa contoh soal biloks yang bisa kamu kerjakan. Yuk, kita bahas bersama!
Contoh Soal Bilangan Oksidasi
Tentukan bilangan oksidasi atom yang dicetak tebal berikut ini!
-
Fe2O3
-
Cr2O72-
-
S2O32-
Pembahasan:
1. Fe2O3
Untuk soal poin a, kita diminta untuk menentukan biloks Fe dalam senyawa Fe2O3. Ingat aturan biloks nomor 6, jumlah biloks unsur-unsur pembentuk senyawa adalah 0. Jadi,
Fe2O3 = 0
Biloks O = -2. Karena atom O memiliki indeks 3, maka biloks O dikalikan dengan indeks O = -2 x 3 = -6. Agar jumlah biloks Fe dan O = 0, maka biloks Fe haruslah bernilai +6. Tapi, karena atom Fe punya indeks 2, maka biloks Fe : indeks Fe = +6 : 2 = +3. Jadi, biloks Fe2 = +3.
2. Cr2O72-
Untuk soal poin b, kita diminta untuk menentukan biloks Cr dalam ion Cr2O72-. Ingat aturan biloks nomor 5, jumlah bilangan oksidasi unsur yang membentuk ion akan sama dengan jumlah muatannya. Jadi, biloks Cr dan O apabila dijumlah, hasilnya harus -2.
Cr2O72-
Biloks O = -2. Karena atom O memiliki indeks 7, maka biloks O dikalikan dengan indeks O = -2 x 7 = -14. Agar jumlah biloks Cr dan O = -2, maka biloks Cr harus bernilai +12. Tapi, karena atom Cr punya indeks 2, maka biloks Cr : indeks Cr = +12 : 2 = +6. Jadi, biloks Cr2 = +6.
Oke, semoga setelah mengerjakan dua soal di atas, kamu sudah lumayan paham ya dengan materi cara menentukan bilangan oksidasi. Nah, untuk soal poin c, coba kamu kerjakan sendiri, ya.
Baca Juga: Apa yang Dimaksud dengan Ikatan Ion?
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Selesai sudah materi kita kali ini. Jika ada pertanyaan, kamu bisa cantumkan di kolom komentar, ya. Kamu juga bisa tanyakan lebih lanjut soal-soal yang tidak kamu mengerti serta materi pelajaran yang sulit kamu pahami lewat roboguru Plus. Tutor roboguru Plus akan siap membantumu menjawab dan membahas materi yang belum kamu pahami itu via live chat.
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<h1 class="content-title">
Cara Menentukan Bilangan Oksidasi & Contohnya | Kimia Kelas 10 </h1>
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<p class="content-author"><a href="https://www.ruangguru.com/blog/author/hani-ammariah" class="">Hani Ammariah</a> </p>
<p class="content-info"><span>February 16, 2024 • </span> <span>6 minutes read</span></p>
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<p><em><img decoding="async" class="aligncenter size-medium" src="https://roboguru-forum-cdn.ruangguru.com/image/4eecc9cd-d0c6-4b71-b794-0d564b185d8e.png" alt="cara menentukan bilangan oksidasi dan contohnya" /></em></p>
<blockquote>
<p style="text-align: center;"><em><strong><a href="https://www.ruangguru.com/blog/tag/kimia-x" rel="noopener">Artikel Kimia kelas 10</a></strong> ini menjelaskan tentang <strong>cara menentukan bilangan oksidasi</strong> disertai dengan contoh soalnya untuk menambah pemahamanmu terhadap materi.</em></p>
</blockquote>
<p style="text-align: center;"><em>—</em></p>
<p> </p>
<p>Teman-teman, dalam materi reaksi reduksi oksidasi (redoks), kita tahu ya bahwa konsep redoks akan melibatkan 4 hal, yaitu oksigen, hidrogen, elektron, dan perpindahan bilangan oksidasi. Nah, untuk kasus konsep reaksi redoks yang melibatkan bilangan oksidasi, kamu harus paham dulu, nih, apa itu bilangan oksidasi, serta aturan-aturannya.</p>
<p>Di artikel kali ini, kita akan bahas <strong>materi bilangan oksidasi</strong> secara lengkap ya. Mulai dari pengertian, <strong>cara menentukan bilangan oksidasi (biloks)</strong>, dan contohnya untuk meningkatkan pemahaman kamu. Mari kita pelajari bersama!</p>
<p> </p>
<h2><span style="font-size: 18pt;">Konsep Bilangan Oksidasi</span></h2>
<p>Setiap <strong><a href="https://www.ruangguru.com/blog/mengenal-partikel-dan-notasi-atom" rel="noopener">atom</a> </strong>terdiri dari inti atom dan elektron yang mengelilinginya. Elektron pada kulit terluar atom disebut <strong>elektron valensi</strong>. Apabila atom memiliki elektron valensi berjumlah 8 atau 2, maka atom itu akan bersifat stabil, sehingga sulit untuk berikatan dengan atom lain.</p>
<p>Contohnya, seperti atom-atom pada golongan VIIIA <strong><a href="https://www.ruangguru.com/blog/kimia-kelas-12-mengenal-macam-macam-gas-mulia" rel="noopener">(unsur gas mulia)</a></strong>. Sementara itu, atom yang tidak memiliki elektron valensi berjumlah 8 atau 2 akan bersifat tidak stabil.</p>
<p><img decoding="async" class="aligncenter size-medium" src="https://roboguru-forum-cdn.ruangguru.com/image/ad382fd3-b4d8-4ac6-8742-7eda1fac296c.png" alt="struktur atom" /></p>
<p> </p>
<p>Atom yang sifatnya belum stabil cenderung ingin stabil. Caranya, mereka akan melakukan transfer elektron, yaitu melepaskan atau menerima sejumlah elektron. Akibat dari transfer elektron ini, atom akan memiliki muatan, bisa positif atau negatif.</p>
<p>Atom yang bermuatan <strong>positif</strong>, artinya atom itu telah melakukan <strong>pelepasan elektron</strong>, sehingga kehilangan beberapa elektron yang dimilikinya. Sementara itu, atom yang bermuatan <strong>negatif</strong>, berarti atom itu telah <strong>menerima beberapa elektron</strong> dari atom lain.</p>
<p>Muatan atom berbeda-beda jumlahnya, tergantung dari seberapa banyak elektron yang dilepas atau diterima oleh atom. Nah, jumlah muatan positif dan negatif pada suatu atom bisa kita sebut dengan<strong> bilangan oksidasi (biloks)</strong>.</p>
<p> </p>
<h2><span style="font-size: 18pt;">Pengertian Bilangan Oksidasi</span></h2>
<p>Dengan kata lain, <strong>bilangan oksidasi adalah bilangan yang menyatakan banyaknya jumlah elektron yang diikat atau dilepas oleh atom untuk membentuk ikatan kimia dengan atom lain</strong>. Bilangan oksidasi atau biloks dapat bertanda positif, negatif, atau nol. Berikut ini cara penulisan biloks pada suatu unsur:</p>
<p><img decoding="async" class="aligncenter size-medium" src="https://roboguru-forum-cdn.ruangguru.com/image/280ea604-84ee-4950-99a6-f1f7906b3776.png" alt="penulisan bilangan oksidasi" /></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Baca Juga: <a href="/blog/konfigurasi-elektron-dan-diagram-orbital" rel="noopener">Konfigurasi Elektron dan Diagram Orbital</a></strong></p>
<p> </p>
<h2><span style="font-size: 18pt;">Aturan Penentuan Bilangan Oksidasi</span></h2>
<p>Lalu, bagaimana sih cara menentukan bilangan oksidasi (biloks) suatu unsur? Jadi, ada aturannya, nih. Aturan penentuan bilangan oksidasi merupakan urutan prioritas dalam menentukan biloks unsur. Ada 8 aturan dalam menentukan bilangan oksidasi suatu unsur, di antaranya:</p>
<p> </p>
<h3><span style="font-size: 14pt;">1. Bilangan oksidasi unsur bebas adalah 0</span></h3>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Unsur bebas</strong> adalah unsur yang tidak bergabung atau berikatan secara kimia dengan unsur lain. Unsur bebas terbagi menjadi dua, yaitu unsur bebas berbentuk atom, seperti C, Ca, Cu, Na, Fe, Al, Ne dan unsur bebas berbentuk molekul, seperti H<sub>2</sub>, O<sub>2</sub>, Cl<sub>2</sub>, P<sub>4</sub>, S<sub>8</sub>. Semua unsur-unsur tersebut akan memiliki bilangan oksidasi 0.</p>
<p> </p>
<h3><span style="font-size: 14pt;">2. Bilangan oksidasi ion monoatom (1 atom) dan poliatom (lebih dari 1 atom) sesuai dengan jenis muatan ionnya</span></h3>
<p><strong>Contoh:</strong></p>
<ul>
<li style="text-align: justify;">Bilangan oksidasi ion monoatom Na<sup>+</sup>, Mg<sup>2+</sup>, dan Al<sup>3+</sup> berturut-turut adalah +1, +2, dan +3.</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">Bilangan oksidasi ion poliatom NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>, SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup>, dan PO<sub>4</sub><sup>3-</sup> berturut-turut adalah +1, -2, dan -3.</li>
</ul>
<p> </p>
<h3><span style="font-size: 14pt;">3. Bilangan oksidasi unsur pada golongan logam IA, IIA, dan IIIA sesuai dengan golongannya</span></h3>
<p><strong>Biloks golongan logam IA = +1</strong></p>
<p>IA = H, Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr = +1.</p>
<p><strong>Contoh: </strong>Bilangan oksidasi Na dalam senyawa NaCl adalah +1.</p>
<p>Biloks golongan logam IIA = +2</p>
<p>IIA = Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra = +2.</p>
<p><strong>Contoh:</strong> Bilangan oksidasi Mg dalam senyawa MgSO<sub>2</sub> adalah +2.</p>
<p>Biloks golongan logam IIIA = +3</p>
<p>IIIA = B, Al, Ga, In, Tl = +3</p>
<p><strong>Contoh: </strong>Bilangan oksidasi Al dalam senyawa Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> adalah +3.</p>
<p> </p>
<h3><span style="font-size: 14pt;">4. Bilangan oksidasi unsur golongan transisi (golongan B) lebih dari satu</span></h3>
<p><strong>Contoh:</strong></p>
<p>Bilangan oksidasi Cu = +1 dan +2.</p>
<p>Bilangan oksidasi Au = +1 dan +3.</p>
<p>Bilangan oksidasi Sn = +3 dan +4.</p>
<p> </p>
<h3><span style="font-size: 14pt;">5. Jumlah bilangan oksidasi unsur-unsur yang membentuk ion = jumlah muatannya</span></h3>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #000000;"><strong>Contoh:</strong></span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #000000;">NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> = +1</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #000000;">Biloks H = +1. Atom H memiliki indeks 4, maka biloks H dikalikan dengan indeks H = +4. Karena jumlah muatan NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> = +1, maka biloks N haruslah -3, agar ketika biloks N dan H dijumlahkan, hasilnya sesuai dengan jumlah muatannya, yaitu +1. </span></p>
<p> </p>
<h3><span style="font-size: 14pt;">6. Jumlah bilangan oksidasi unsur-unsur yang membentuk senyawa = 0</span></h3>
<p><strong>Contoh:</strong></p>
<p>H<sub>2</sub>O = 0</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Biloks H = +1. Atom H memiliki indeks 2, sehingga <span style="color: #000000;">biloks H dikalikan dengan indeks H = </span>+1 x 2 = +2. Agar jumlah biloks H dan O sama dengan 0, maka biloks O harus bernilai -2.</p>
<p> </p>
<h3><span style="font-size: 14pt;">7. Bilangan oksidasi hidrogen (H) bila berikatan dengan logam = -1. Bila H berikatan dengan non-logam = +1</span></h3>
<p><strong>Contoh:</strong></p>
<p>Biloks H dalam AlH<sub>3</sub> = -1.</p>
<p><strong>Bukti:</strong></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Atom Al merupakan unsur logam golongan IIIA, sehingga biloks Al = +3. <strong>Ingat aturan biloks poin 6</strong>, jumlah biloks unsur-unsur yang membentuk senyawa = 0. Jadi, apabila biloks Al dan H dijumlahkan, hasilnya harus 0. Agar biloks Al + biloks H = 0, biloks H haruslah -3. Karena atom H memiliki indeks 3, maka biloks H : indeks H = -3 : 3 = -1. Terbukti jika biloks H dalam AlH<sub>3</sub> adalah -1.</p>
<p> </p>
<h3><span style="font-size: 14pt;">8. Bilangan oksidasi oksigen (O) dalam senyawa proksida = -1. Bilangan oksidasi O dalam senyawa non-peroksida = -2</span></h3>
<p><strong>Contoh: </strong></p>
<p>Biloks O dalam BaO<sub>2</sub> = -1.</p>
<p><strong>Bukti:</strong></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Atom Ba merupakan unsur logam golongan IIA, sehingga biloks Ba = +2. Jumlah biloks Ba dan biloks O harus 0 (aturan biloks poin 6). Oleh sebab itu, biloks O harus bernilai -2. Karena atom O memiliki indeks 2, jadi biloks O : indeks O = -2 : 2 = -1. Terbukti jika biloks O dalam BaO<sub>2</sub> adalah -1.</p>
<p><strong>Baca Juga: <a href="https://www.ruangguru.com/blog/konsep-reaksi-reduksi-oksidasi-kimia-kelas-10" rel="noopener">Mempelajari Konsep Reaksi Reduksi Oksidasi (Redoks)</a></strong></p>
<p>Gimana, nih, sejauh ini apakah kamu sudah paham mengenai aturan atau cara menentukan bilangan oksidasi suatu unsur? Memang agak bikin pusing, ya. Tapi, kalau kamu rajin berlatih soal, pasti akan mudah paham. Nah, supaya kamu lebih expert lagi, di bawah ini ada beberapa contoh soal biloks yang bisa kamu kerjakan. Yuk, kita bahas bersama!</p>
<p> </p>
<h2><span style="font-size: 18pt;">Contoh Soal Bilangan Oksidasi</span></h2>
<p>Tentukan bilangan oksidasi atom yang dicetak tebal berikut ini!</p>
<ol>
<li><strong>Fe<sub>2</sub></strong>O<sub>3</sub></li>
<li><strong>Cr<sub>2</sub></strong>O<sub>7</sub><sup>2-</sup></li>
<li><strong>S<sub>2</sub></strong>O<sub>3</sub><sup>2-</sup></li>
</ol>
<p> </p>
<p>Pembahasan:</p>
<p>1. <strong>Fe<sub>2</sub></strong>O<sub>3</sub></p>
<p>Untuk soal poin a, kita diminta untuk menentukan biloks Fe dalam senyawa Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>. Ingat aturan biloks nomor 6, jumlah biloks unsur-unsur pembentuk senyawa adalah 0. Jadi,</p>
<p>Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> = 0</p>
<p>Biloks O = -2. Karena atom O memiliki indeks 3, maka biloks O dikalikan dengan indeks O = -2 x 3 = -6. Agar jumlah biloks Fe dan O = 0, maka biloks Fe haruslah bernilai +6. Tapi, karena atom Fe punya indeks 2, maka biloks Fe : indeks Fe = +6 : 2 = +3. Jadi, <strong>biloks Fe<sub>2</sub> = +3</strong>.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>2. <strong>Cr<sub>2</sub></strong>O<sub>7</sub><sup>2-</sup></p>
<p>Untuk soal poin b, kita diminta untuk menentukan biloks Cr dalam ion Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub><sup>2-</sup>. Ingat aturan biloks nomor 5, jumlah bilangan oksidasi unsur yang membentuk ion akan sama dengan jumlah muatannya. Jadi, biloks Cr dan O apabila dijumlah, hasilnya harus -2.</p>
<p>Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub><sup>2-</sup></p>
<p>Biloks O = -2. Karena atom O memiliki indeks 7, maka biloks O dikalikan dengan indeks O = -2 x 7 = -14. Agar jumlah biloks Cr dan O = -2, maka biloks Cr harus bernilai +12. Tapi, karena atom Cr punya indeks 2, maka biloks Cr : indeks Cr = +12 : 2 = +6. Jadi, <strong>biloks Cr<sub>2</sub> = +6</strong>.</p>
<p>Oke, semoga setelah mengerjakan dua soal di atas, kamu sudah lumayan paham ya dengan materi cara menentukan bilangan oksidasi. Nah, untuk soal poin c, coba kamu kerjakan sendiri, ya.</p>
<p><strong>Baca Juga: <a href="https://www.ruangguru.com/blog/apa-yang-dimaksud-dengan-ikatan-ion" rel="noopener">Apa yang Dimaksud dengan Ikatan Ion?</a></strong></p>
<p style="text-align: center;">—</p>
<p>Selesai sudah materi kita kali ini. Jika ada pertanyaan, kamu bisa cantumkan di kolom komentar, ya. Kamu juga bisa tanyakan lebih lanjut soal-soal yang tidak kamu mengerti serta materi pelajaran yang sulit kamu pahami lewat <a href="https://www.ruangguru.com/roboguruplus"><strong>roboguru Plus</strong></a>. Tutor roboguru Plus akan siap membantumu menjawab dan membahas materi yang belum kamu pahami itu via live chat.</p>
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<div class="d-lg-none text-center">
<nav class="footer-menu social">
<p class="title">Ikuti Kami</p>
<a target="_blank" href="https://www.instagram.com/ruangguru/">
<picture>
<source srcset="https://cdn-web-2.ruangguru.com/static/instagram.png?height=60&convert=webp" type="image/webp">
<source srcset="https://cdn-web-2.ruangguru.com/static/instagram.png?height=60" type="image/png">
<img src="https://cdn-web-2.ruangguru.com/static/instagram.png" loading="lazy" alt="Logo Instagram Footer" width="32px" height="32px" />
</picture>
</a>
<a target="_blank" href="https://www.facebook.com/ruanggurucom/">
<picture>
<source srcset="https://cdn-web-2.ruangguru.com/static/facebook.png?height=60&convert=webp" type="image/webp">
<source srcset="https://cdn-web-2.ruangguru.com/static/facebook.png?height=60" type="image/png">
<img src="https://cdn-web-2.ruangguru.com/static/facebook.png" loading="lazy" alt="Logo Facebook Footer" width="32px" height="32px" />
</picture>
</a>
<a target="_blank" href="https://twitter.com/ruangguru/">
<picture>
<source srcset="https://cdn-web-2.ruangguru.com/static/twitter.png?height=60&convert=webp" type="image/webp">
<source srcset="https://cdn-web-2.ruangguru.com/static/twitter.png?height=60" type="image/png">
<img src="https://cdn-web-2.ruangguru.com/static/twitter.png" loading=" lazy" alt="Logo Twitter Footer" width="32px" height="32px" />
</picture>
</a>
<a target="_blank" href="https://www.youtube.com/ruangguru">
<picture>
<source srcset="https://cdn-web-2.ruangguru.com/static/youtube.png?height=60&convert=webp" type="image/webp">
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<img src="https://cdn-web-2.ruangguru.com/static/youtube.png" loading=" lazy" alt="Logo Youtube Footer" width="32px" height="32px" />
</picture>
</a>
<a target="_blank" href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/ruangguru-com">
<picture>
<source srcset="https://cdn-web-2.ruangguru.com/static/linkedin.png?height=60&convert=webp" type="image/webp">
<source srcset="https://cdn-web-2.ruangguru.com/static/linkedin.png?height=60" type="image/png">
<img src="https://cdn-web-2.ruangguru.com/static/linkedin.png" loading=" lazy" alt="Logo LinkedIn Footer" width="32px" height="32px" />
</picture>
</a>
<a target="_blank" href="https://www.tiktok.com/@ruangguru">
<picture>
<source srcset="https://cdn-web-2.ruangguru.com/static/tiktok.png?height=60&convert=webp" type="image/webp">
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<img src="https://cdn-web-2.ruangguru.com/static/tiktok.png" loading=" lazy" alt="Logo TikTok Footer" width="32px" height="32px" />
</picture>
</a>
</nav>
</div>
<p class="footer-copyright">
© 2026 All Rights Reserved PT. Ruang Raya Indonesia
</p>
</div>
<style>
.bantuan-container {
position: relative;
}
.bantuan-element {
position: fixed;
z-index: 999;
display: flex;
align-items: flex-end;
justify-content: flex-end;
cursor: pointer;
transition: all 0.6s ease;
}
.bantuan-top {
bottom: 11rem;
right: 2rem;
}
.bantuan-bottom {
bottom: 2rem;
right: 2rem;
}
.bantuan-top-2 {
bottom: 15rem;
right: 2rem;
}
.bantuan-top-3 {
bottom: 19rem;
right: 2rem;
}
.bantuan-bottom-2 {
bottom: 5rem;
right: 2rem;
}
.bantuan-bottom-3 {
bottom: 8rem;
right: 2rem;
}
@media (min-width: 768px) {
.bantuan-element img {
width: auto;
transition: all 0.4s ease;
}
.bantuan-top img {
width: 140px;
}
.bantuan-bottom img {
width: 140px;
}
.bantuan-top-2 img,
.bantuan-top-3 img {
width: 140px;
}
.bantuan-bottom-2 img,
.bantuan-bottom-3 img {
width: 140px;
}
.bantuan-element.clicked {
bottom: 9rem;
right: 2.5rem;
}
.bantuan-element.clicked img {
width: auto;
height: 64px;
}
}
@media (max-width: 767px) {
.bantuan-top {
bottom: 8rem;
right: 1rem;
align-items: center;
}
.bantuan-bottom {
bottom: 2rem;
right: 1.25rem;
align-items: center;
}
.bantuan-top-2 {
bottom: 12rem;
right: 1rem;
align-items: center;
}
.bantuan-top-3 {
bottom: 16rem;
right: 1rem;
align-items: center;
}
.bantuan-bottom-2 {
bottom: 5rem;
right: 1.25rem;
align-items: center;
}
.bantuan-bottom-3 {
bottom: 8rem;
right: 1.25rem;
align-items: center;
}
.bantuan-element img {
width: auto;
}
.bantuan-top img,
.bantuan-top-2 img,
.bantuan-top-3 img {
width: 96px;
}
.bantuan-bottom img,
.bantuan-bottom-2 img,
.bantuan-bottom-3 img {
width: 96px;
}
}
.bantuan-element:hover {
transform: scale(1.05);
}
.bantuan-element img {
max-width: 100%;
height: auto;
}
</style>
<div id="bantuan-divs-container" style="position: relative" data-product="ruangguru" data-table="rg_floating_icon"></div>
<script>
class FloatingDivsComponent {
constructor(product = 'ruangguru', table = 'rg_floating_icon') {
this.container = document.getElementById('bantuan-divs-container');
this.floatingElements = [];
this.product = product;
this.table = table;
// Configuration
this.config = {
baseApiUrl: 'https://gw.ruangguru.com/api/v3/rdb/p_ddgy8hjx5dxsqx/rg_banner/views/',
apiKey: 'vLyK3dJrDBRmOwueX2OJXibMkgsUbBk0WS4ua2p1',
maxElements: 2,
zIndexBase: 100,
};
// Build dynamic API URL based on table parameter
this.config.apiUrl = this.buildApiUrl();
this.init();
}
buildApiUrl() {
const baseUrl = this.config.baseApiUrl;
const tableName = this.table || 'rg_floating_icon';
const queryParams =
'offset=0&limit=99999&sort=rankPosition&where=(type,eq,floating)~and(showIn,anyof,blog)~and(hide,is,false)~and(product,eq,' +
this.product +
')&nested%5Bcta%5D%5Bfields%5D=Id,name,ctaId,imageUrl,ctaLink,targetUrl';
return `${baseUrl}${tableName}?${queryParams}`;
}
async init() {
try {
await this.fetchFloatingElements();
this.renderFloatingElements();
} catch (error) {
console.error('Failed to initialize floating divs component:', error);
}
}
async fetchFloatingElements() {
try {
const options = {
method: 'GET',
headers: {
'xc-token': this.config.apiKey || 'vLyK3dJrDBRmOwueX2OJXibMkgsUbBk0WS4ua2p1',
},
};
const urlNoco = this.config.apiUrl;
const response = await fetch(urlNoco, options);
if (!response.ok) {
throw new Error(`HTTP error! status: ${response.status}`);
}
const data = await response.json();
this.floatingElements = this.processApiResponse(data);
} catch (error) {
console.error('Error fetching floating elements:', error);
throw error;
}
}
processApiResponse(data) {
if (!data || !data.list || !Array.isArray(data.list)) {
return [];
}
console.log(data.list);
// Ensure we only get maximum 2 elements
const limitedElements = data.list.slice(0, this.config.maxElements);
return limitedElements;
}
renderFloatingElements() {
if (!this.container || this.floatingElements.length === 0) {
return;
}
// Additional safeguard: ensure we never render more than maxElements
const elementsToRender = this.floatingElements.slice(0, this.config.maxElements);
// Clean up existing elements and their event listeners
this.cleanupExistingElements();
// Clear existing content
this.container.innerHTML = '';
elementsToRender.forEach((element, index) => {
const floatingDiv = this.createFloatingDiv(element, index);
this.container.appendChild(floatingDiv);
});
}
cleanupExistingElements() {
// Clear existing elements (no need for event listener cleanup with CSS approach)
const existingElements = this.container.querySelectorAll('[data-floating-element]');
existingElements.forEach(element => {
element.remove();
});
}
createFloatingDiv(element, index) {
const div = document.createElement('div');
const cta = element.cta[0]; // Use the first CTA
// Add data attribute for cleanup tracking
div.setAttribute('data-floating-element', 'true');
// Apply CSS classes based on rankPosition
const positionClass = this.getPositionClass(element.rankPosition, index);
div.className = `bantuan-element ${positionClass}`;
div.style.zIndex = this.config.zIndexBase + index;
// Create the link and image
const link = document.createElement('a');
link.href = 'https://cta.ruangguru.com/' + cta.ctaId || '#';
link.target = '_blank';
// Add tracking attributes
link.setAttribute('data-tracking-event-type', 'landing_page__core__item_click');
link.setAttribute(
'data-tracking-context',
JSON.stringify({
product_name: this.product,
cta_action: 'redirection',
cta_action_detail: link.href,
item_type: 'floating',
item_name: element.name || 'Floating element',
item_category: 'payment',
item_position: index,
item_serial: null,
section_type: 'floating_item',
section_position: 'body',
section_name: 'floating_item',
})
);
const img = document.createElement('img');
img.src = element.imageUrl + '?h=200&convert=webp';
img.alt = element.name || 'Floating element';
img.loading = 'lazy';
// Add click tracking
link.addEventListener('click', () => {
this.trackClick(element, cta);
});
link.appendChild(img);
div.appendChild(link);
return div;
}
getPositionClass(rankPosition, index) {
// Define positioning classes based on rankPosition
if (rankPosition === 1) {
return 'bantuan-top'; // Top position
} else if (rankPosition === 2) {
return 'bantuan-bottom'; // Bottom position
} else {
// For additional elements, distribute them evenly
return `bantuan-${index % 2 === 0 ? 'top' : 'bottom'}-${Math.floor(index / 2) + 1}`;
}
}
trackClick(element, cta) {
// Implement click tracking logic here
console.log('Floating element clicked:', {
elementId: element.Id,
elementName: cta.name,
ctaId: cta.ctaId,
targetUrl: cta.targetUrl,
});
}
// Public method to manually refresh
async refresh() {
try {
await this.fetchFloatingElements();
this.renderFloatingElements();
} catch (error) {
console.error('Failed to refresh floating elements:', error);
throw error;
}
}
// Public method to get current floating elements
getFloatingElements() {
return [...this.floatingElements];
}
}
// Initialize the component when DOM is ready
document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => {
// Get product and table parameters from data attributes
const container = document.getElementById('bantuan-divs-container');
const product = container.getAttribute('data-product') || 'ruangguru';
const table = container.getAttribute('data-table') || 'rg_floating_icon';
new FloatingDivsComponent(product, table);
});
// Export for use in other modules if needed
if (typeof module !== 'undefined' && module.exports) {
module.exports = FloatingDivsComponent;
}
</script> <div id="wp-install-nudge" style="
position: fixed;
bottom: 0rem;
right: 0;
z-index: 999;
cursor: pointer;
"></div>
<script>
(function (w, d, s, o, f, js, fjs) {
w['Sales-Nudge-Widget'] = o; w[o] = w[o] || function () { (w[o].q = w[o].q || []).push(arguments) };
js = d.createElement(s), fjs = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0];
js.id = o; js.src = f; js.async = 1; fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs);
}(window, document, 'script', 'wpInstallNudge', 'https://cdn-web-2.ruangguru.com/sales-nudge/6198a95130/dist/widget.js'));
wpInstallNudge('init', { targetElementId: 'wp-install-nudge', clientTarget: 'ruangguru_blog' });
</script>
<script>
// note: disabled due to auto reload page
// var lastScrollTop = 0;
// $(window).scroll(function(event){
// var st = $(this).scrollTop();
// if (st > lastScrollTop){
// $('#wp-install-nudge').slideDown( "slow", function() {});
// } else {
// $('#wp-install-nudge').slideUp( "slow", function() {});
// }
// lastScrollTop = st;
// });
// $(document).ready(function () {
// $("#wp-install-nudge").hide();
// });
$('#wp-install-nudge').click(function(){
Analytics.track("promotion__install_nudge__click",
{
user_email: "ruangguru@blog.com",
cta_link: widgetData.dataConfig.target_link
}).catch((err) => {
console.log("tracker error", err);
});
});
</script>
</footer>
<div id="__next"></div>
<script type="speculationrules">
{"prefetch":[{"source":"document","where":{"and":[{"href_matches":"\/blog\/*"},{"not":{"href_matches":["\/blog\/wp-*.php","\/blog\/wp-admin\/*","\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/*","\/blog\/wp-content\/*","\/blog\/wp-content\/plugins\/*","\/blog\/wp-content\/themes\/ruangguru\/*","\/blog\/*\\?(.+)"]}},{"not":{"selector_matches":"a[rel~=\"nofollow\"]"}},{"not":{"selector_matches":".no-prefetch, .no-prefetch a"}}]},"eagerness":"conservative"}]}
</script>
<script>
async function getCtaDetails(ctaIds) {
const endpoint =
" https://gw.ruangguru.com/api/v3/rdb/p_ddgy8hjx5dxsqx/CTA/views/CTA?offset=0&limit=10&where=(ctaId,in," + ctaIds.toString() + ")";
try {
const response = await fetch(endpoint, {
headers: {
"xc-token": "-hG2nBDJzSj0agSgNtcJx97M4F02y54nUMoY6plJ",
},
});
const data = await response.json();
const ctaList = data?.list || [];
const ctaMap = new Map();
for (const ctaData of ctaList) {
ctaMap.set(ctaData.ctaId, ctaData);
}
return ctaMap;
} catch (error) {
console.error("Error fetching CTA details:", error);
return new Map();
}
}
async function replaceCTA() {
const regex = /{{cta\((‘(.*?)’|“(.*?)”)\)}}/g;
const bodyHTML = document.body.innerHTML;
const matches = Array.from(bodyHTML.matchAll(regex));
const ctaIds = matches.map((match) => {
let ctaId = match[2] ?? match[3];
return ctaId;
});
const ctaMap = await getCtaDetails(ctaIds);
const replacedHTML = bodyHTML.replace(regex, (match, _inner, ctaId1, ctaId2) => {
const ctaId = ctaId1 ?? ctaId2;
const ctaData = ctaMap.get(ctaId);
if (ctaData) {
return `<a href="https://cta.ruangguru.com/${ctaData.ctaId}" target="_${ctaData.targetType}" style="position:relative;display:inline-block;">
<img src="${ctaData.imageUrl}" loading="lazy" alt="${ctaData.altText}" />
</a>`;
} else {
return match;
}
});
document.body.innerHTML = replacedHTML;
}
</script>
<meta name="author" content="Ruangguru Tech Team">
<!-- Google Tag Manager (noscript) -->
<noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-PVNLZFT" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript>
<!-- Tracker -->
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn-web-2.ruangguru.com/landing-page-web/public/staticpages/global-assets/js/cta.js"></script>
<script src="https://unpkg.com/@dotlottie/player-component@latest/dist/dotlottie-player.mjs" type="module"></script>
</body>
</html>