Artikel Bahasa Inggris kelas 10 ini membahas tentang pengertian, rumus, contoh kalimat past perfect continuous tense serta perbedaannya dengan past perfect tense.
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Bahasa Inggris memiliki banyak tenses untuk menjelaskan peristiwa pada periode yang berbeda. Salah satu yang cukup menarik untuk dipelajari adalah past perfect continuous tense.
Tenses ini sering digunakan untuk menggambarkan kejadian yang berlangsung cukup lama sebelum suatu peristiwa lainnya terjadi, terutama ketika kita ingin menyoroti lamanya suatu aktivitas berlangsung.
Di awal tadi, kamu sudah bertemu dengan pengertian past perfect continuous tense. Namun mungkin masih terdengar membingungkan, ya. Sekarang coba kita pahami dari contoh kalimatnya. Misal, “She had been studying for three hours before her friend arrived.” (Dia telah belajar selama 3 jam sebelum temannya sampai).
Dari contoh tersebut, terlihat bahwa past perfect continuous tense adalah bentuk tenses yang digunakan untuk menggambarkan tindakan yang berlangsung pada suatu periode di masa lalu, sebelum peristiwa lain terjadi.
Si dia belajar selama 3 jam, sebelum temannya sampai. Tenses ini memberi kesan bahwa sebuah tindakan sudah berlangsung selama beberapa waktu sebelum akhirnya diinterupsi oleh tindakan lain.
Baca Juga: 16 Tenses dalam Bahasa Inggris dan Contohnya | Bahasa Inggris Kelas 10
Rumus Past Perfect Continuous Tense
Lalu, gimana sih rumus dari kalimatnya? Kita balik lagi ke contoh “She had been studying for three hours before her friend arrived.”. Dari situ, kita bisa simpulkan elemen-elemennya, yaitu:
(Subject) + had been + (verb -ing) + (object) + (time duration)
Untuk lebih lengkapnya, berikut adalah rumus dasar untuk berbagai jenis kalimatnya:
1. Kalimat positif
Subject + had been + verb-ing + object + duration of time
Contoh:
They had been waiting for the bus for two hours before it arrived. (Mereka telah menunggu bis selama 2 jam sebelum bisnya sampai)
2. Kalimat negatif
Subject + had not (hadn’t) been + verb-ing + object + duration of time
Contoh:
She had not been sleeping when the phone rang. (Dia belum tidur ketika teleponnya berdering)
3. Kalimat interrogative (tanya)
Had + subject + been + verb-ing + object + duration of time?
Contoh:
Had you been working there for a long time before you quit? (Bukankah kamu sudah bekerja cukup lama disana sebelum kamu keluar?)
Baca Juga: Simple Past Tense: Pengertian, Rumus & Contoh | Bahasa Inggris Kelas 10
Contoh Kalimat Past Perfect Continuous Tense
Biar makin paham, mari kita lihat beberapa contoh kalimat tense ini dalam bentuk positif, negatif, dan interrogative.
1. Contoh Kalimat Positif Past Perfect Continous Tense
-
I had been reading for an hour before he arrived. (Saya telah membaca selama satu jam sebelum dia tiba.)
-
They had been practicing for the tournament for two weeks. (Mereka telah berlatih untuk turnamen selama dua minggu.)
-
She had been cooking for hours before the guests arrived. (Dia telah memasak selama berjam-jam sebelum para tamu datang.)
2. Contoh Kalimat Positif Past Perfect Continuous Tense
-
I hadn’t been waiting for long when she finally called. (Saya belum menunggu lama ketika dia akhirnya menelepon.)
-
He hadn’t been studying hard before the exam. (Dia belum belajar dengan keras sebelum ujian.)
-
They hadn’t been living there for a year before they moved out. (Mereka belum tinggal di sana selama setahun sebelum mereka pindah.)
3. Contoh Kalimat Interrogative Past Perfect Continuous Tense
-
Had she been working on that project before it was canceled? (Apakah dia telah mengerjakan proyek itu sebelum dibatalkan?)
-
Had they been learning English for a long time before they moved to London? (Apakah mereka telah belajar bahasa Inggris untuk waktu yang lama sebelum mereka pindah ke London?)
-
Had you been feeling unwell before you went to the doctor? (Apakah kamu merasa tidak enak badan sebelum pergi ke dokter?)
Baca Juga: Present Perfect Tense: Definisi, Rumus, Kegunaan & Contoh | Bahasa Inggris Kelas 11
Keterangan Waktu dalam Past Perfect Continuous Tense
Dari contoh-contoh kalimat diatas, kita menjumpai beberapa kata keterangan waktuyang biasa digunakan dalam Past Perfect Continuous Tense. Kata-kata ini membantu menunjukkan durasi atau waktu terjadinya suatu peristiwa. Berikut adalah beberapa keterangan waktu yang sering digunakan:
1. When
Biasanya digunakan untuk menunjukkan kapan suatu peristiwa dimulai atau berakhir.
Misalnya: She had been teaching for 5 years when she decided to change careers. (Dia telah mengajar selama 5 tahun ketika dia memutuskan untuk mengganti karir.)
2. After
Menunjukkan suatu peristiwa yang terjadi setelah durasi tertentu.
Contohnya: After he had been working there for three years, he got promoted. (Setelah dia bekerja di sana selama tiga tahun, dia dipromosikan.)
3. Before
Digunakan untuk menyatakan bahwa suatu tindakan telah berlangsung sebelum tindakan lainnya terjadi.
Seperti dalam contoh: They had been traveling for a week before they reached their destination. (Mereka telah bepergian selama seminggu sebelum mereka mencapai tujuan mereka.)
4. For
Menunjukkan durasi waktu, biasanya diikuti dengan jumlah waktu tertentu.
Misalnya: He had been studying for hours before he finally took a break. (Dia telah belajar selama berjam-jam sebelum akhirnya dia istirahat.)
Penggunaan Past Perfect Continuous Tense
Nah, jadi past perfect continuous tense digunakan ketika kita:
1. Menyatakan suatu aksi yang sedang berlangsung selama periode tertentu sebelum aksi lain terjadi di masa lalu.
I had been sleeping for two hours when the alarm rang. (Saya telah tidur selama dua jam ketika alarm berbunyi.)
2. Menyoroti lamanya suatu aktivitas sebelum kejadian lain terjadi.
They had been waiting for the train for an hour before it arrived. (Mereka telah menunggu kereta selama satu jam sebelum kereta itu datang.)
3. Menyatakan penyebab dari suatu kejadian di masa lalu.
She was exhausted because she had been working all day. (Dia kelelahan karena dia telah bekerja sepanjang hari.)
Baca Juga: Future Perfect Continuous Tense: Pengertian, Rumus & Contoh | Bahasa Inggris Kelas 11
Perbedaan Past Perfect Continuous Tense dengan Past Perfect Tense
Mungkin sampai sini, kamu bertanya, bedanya apa dengan past perfect tense? Karena mereka terlihat mirip, tapi sebenarnya berbeda, ada perbedaan utama di antara keduanya:
Tense
Rumus
Contoh Kalimat
Past Perfect
Subject + had + past participle
She had finished her homework before dinner. (Dia telah menyelesaikan PR-nya sebelum makan malam.)
Past Perfect Continuous
Subject + had been + verb-ing
She had been studying for two hours before dinner. (Dia telah belajar selama dua jam sebelum makan malam.)
Past Perfect
Subject + had + past participle
She had finished her homework before dinner. (Dia telah menyelesaikan PR-nya sebelum makan malam.)
Terlihat bahwa perbedaan utamanya:
-
Past Perfect menyoroti bahwa suatu aksi sudah selesai sebelum aksi lain terjadi.
-
Past Perfect Continuous menyoroti bahwa suatu aksi berlangsung selama periode waktu tertentu sebelum aksi lain terjadi.
—
Dengan memahami past perfect continuous tense, kamu bisa menceritakan kejadian di masa lalu dengan lebih detail dan memberikan nuansa durasi pada cerita tersebut.
Tenses ini sering digunakan dalam narasi untuk menggambarkan rangkaian peristiwa dengan alur waktu yang jelas. Yuk, terus latihan membuat kalimat dengan tense ini agar semakin mahir!
Kalau kamu mau belajar lebih lanjut lagi, yuk belajar pakai ruangbelajar! Kamu bisa nonton video belajar beranimasi, mengerjakan soal, bahkan liat-liat rangkuman, lho! Penasaran nggak? Lebih serunya lagi, ini semua bisa kamu akses melalui 1 aplikasi aja. Yuk, download sekarang!
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<h1 class="content-title">
Past Perfect Continuous Tense: Pengertian, Rumus, dan Contoh Kalimat | Bahasa Inggris Kelas 10 </h1>
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<p class="content-author"><a href="https://www.ruangguru.com/blog/author/deksa-nurfadhilah" class="">Deksa Nurfadhilah</a> </p>
<p class="content-info"><span>March 19, 2025 • </span> <span>6 minutes read</span></p>
<br />
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<p><img decoding="async" class="aligncenter size-medium" src="https://cdn-web-2.ruangguru.com/landing-pages/assets/198bddb3-6111-440b-a5fd-f71b59ddb1aa.png" alt="Past Perfect Continous Tense" /></p>
<blockquote>
<p style="text-align: center;"><em><strong><a href="https://www.ruangguru.com/blog/c/bahasa-inggris/bahasa-inggris-sma-kelas-10" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Artikel Bahasa Inggris kelas 10</a></strong> ini membahas tentang pengertian, rumus, contoh kalimat past perfect continuous tense serta perbedaannya dengan <strong><a href="https://www.ruangguru.com/blog/bahasa-inggris-kelas-10-mengenal-past-perfect-tense" target="_blank" rel="noopener">past perfect tense</a></strong>. </em></p>
</blockquote>
<p style="text-align: center;">—</p>
<p> </p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Bahasa Inggris memiliki banyak </span><em>tenses</em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> untuk menjelaskan peristiwa pada periode yang berbeda. Salah satu yang cukup menarik untuk dipelajari adalah<em> past perfect continuous tense</em>. </span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;"><em>Tenses</em> ini sering digunakan untuk menggambarkan kejadian yang berlangsung cukup lama sebelum suatu peristiwa lainnya terjadi, terutama ketika kita ingin menyoroti lamanya suatu aktivitas berlangsung.</span></p>
<p> </p>
<h2><span style="font-size: 18pt;">Pengertian <em>Past Perfect Continuous Tense</em></span></h2>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Di awal tadi, kamu sudah bertemu dengan pengertian <em>past perfect continuous tense</em>. Namun mungkin masih terdengar membingungkan, ya. Sekarang coba kita pahami dari contoh kalimatnya. Misal, </span><strong>“<em>She had been studying for three hours before her friend arrived</em>.”</strong> <span style="font-weight: 400;">(Dia telah belajar selama 3 jam sebelum temannya sampai). </span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Dari contoh tersebut, terlihat bahwa<em> past perfect continuous tense</em> adalah bentuk <em>tenses</em> yang digunakan untuk menggambarkan tindakan yang berlangsung pada suatu periode di masa lalu, sebelum peristiwa lain terjadi. </span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Si dia belajar selama 3 jam, sebelum temannya sampai. <em>Tenses</em> ini memberi kesan bahwa sebuah tindakan sudah berlangsung selama beberapa waktu sebelum akhirnya diinterupsi oleh tindakan lain.</span></p>
<p><strong>Baca Juga:<a href="https://www.ruangguru.com/blog/16-tenses-bahasa-inggris" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> 16 Tenses dalam Bahasa Inggris dan Contohnya | Bahasa Inggris Kelas 10</a></strong></p>
<p> </p>
<h2><span style="font-size: 18pt;">Rumus <em>Past Perfect Continuous Tense</em></span></h2>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Lalu, gimana sih rumus dari kalimatnya? Kita balik lagi ke contoh </span><b>“<em>She had been studying for three hours before her friend arrived</em>.”</b><span style="font-weight: 400;">. Dari situ, kita bisa simpulkan elemen-elemennya, yaitu:</span></p>
<blockquote>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><em><strong>(Subject) + had been + (verb -ing) + (object) + (time duration)</strong></em></span></p>
</blockquote>
<p> </p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Untuk lebih lengkapnya, berikut adalah rumus dasar untuk berbagai jenis kalimatnya:</span></p>
<p> </p>
<h3><span style="font-size: 14pt;">1. Kalimat positif</span></h3>
<blockquote>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><strong><em>Subject + had been + verb-ing + object + duration of time</em></strong></span></p>
</blockquote>
<p> </p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Contoh: </span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;"><em>They had been waiting for the bus for two hours before it arrived</em>. (Mereka telah menunggu bis selama 2 jam sebelum bisnya sampai)</span></p>
<p> </p>
<h3><span style="font-size: 14pt;">2. Kalimat negatif</span></h3>
<blockquote>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><em><strong>Subject + had not (hadn’t) been + verb-ing + object + duration of time</strong></em></span></p>
</blockquote>
<p> </p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Contoh:</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;"><em>She had not been sleeping when the phone rang.</em> (Dia belum tidur ketika teleponnya berdering)</span></p>
<p> </p>
<h3><span style="font-size: 14pt;">3. Kalimat interrogative (tanya)</span></h3>
<blockquote>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><strong><em>Had + subject + been + verb-ing + object + duration of time?</em></strong></span></p>
</blockquote>
<p> </p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Contoh: </span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;"><em>Had you been working there for a long time before you quit?</em> </span><span style="font-weight: 400;">(Bukankah kamu sudah bekerja cukup lama disana sebelum kamu keluar?)</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Baca Juga: <a href="https://www.ruangguru.com/blog/struktur-kalimat-simple-past-tense" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Simple Past Tense: Pengertian, Rumus & Contoh | Bahasa Inggris Kelas 10</a></strong></p>
<p> </p>
<h2><span style="font-size: 18pt;">Contoh Kalimat Past Perfect Continuous Tense</span></h2>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Biar makin paham, mari kita lihat beberapa contoh kalimat tense ini dalam bentuk positif, negatif, dan interrogative.</span></p>
<p> </p>
<h3 style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">1. Contoh Kalimat Positif <em>Past Perfect Continous Tense</em></span></h3>
<ul style="text-align: justify;">
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><span style="font-weight: 400;"><em>I had been reading for an hour before he arrived</em>. (Saya telah membaca selama satu jam sebelum dia tiba.)</span></li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><span style="font-weight: 400;"><em>They had been practicing for the tournament for two weeks</em>. (Mereka telah berlatih untuk turnamen selama dua minggu.)</span></li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><span style="font-weight: 400;"><em>She had been cooking for hours before the guests arrived</em>. (Dia telah memasak selama berjam-jam sebelum para tamu datang.)</span></li>
</ul>
<p> </p>
<h3 style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">2. Contoh Kalimat Positif <em>Past Perfect Continuous Tense</em></span></h3>
<ul style="text-align: justify;">
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><span style="font-weight: 400;"><em>I hadn’t been waiting for long when she finally called</em>. (Saya belum menunggu lama ketika dia akhirnya menelepon.)</span></li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><span style="font-weight: 400;"><em>He hadn’t been studying hard before the exam</em>. (Dia belum belajar dengan keras sebelum ujian.)</span></li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><em>They hadn’t been living there for a year before they moved out</em><span style="font-weight: 400;">. (Mereka belum tinggal di sana selama setahun sebelum mereka pindah.)</span></li>
</ul>
<p> </p>
<h3 style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">3. Contoh Kalimat <em>Interrogative Past Perfect Continuous Tense</em></span></h3>
<ul style="text-align: justify;">
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><span style="font-weight: 400;"><em>Had she been working on that project before it was canceled</em>? (Apakah dia telah mengerjakan proyek itu sebelum dibatalkan?)</span></li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><span style="font-weight: 400;"><em>Had they been learning English for a long time before they moved to London</em>? (Apakah mereka telah belajar bahasa Inggris untuk waktu yang lama sebelum mereka pindah ke London?)</span></li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><span style="font-weight: 400;"><em>Had you been feeling unwell before you went to the doctor</em>? (Apakah kamu merasa tidak enak badan sebelum pergi ke dokter?)</span></li>
</ul>
<p> </p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Baca Juga: <a href="https://www.ruangguru.com/blog/rumus-kalimat-present-perfect-tense" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Present Perfect Tense: Definisi, Rumus, Kegunaan & Contoh | Bahasa Inggris Kelas 11</a></strong></p>
<p> </p>
<h2 style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">Keterangan Waktu dalam <em>Past Perfect Continuous Tense</em></span></h2>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Dari contoh-contoh kalimat diatas, kita menjumpai beberapa kata keterangan waktuyang biasa digunakan dalam Past Perfect Continuous Tense. Kata-kata ini membantu menunjukkan durasi atau waktu terjadinya suatu peristiwa. Berikut adalah beberapa keterangan waktu yang sering digunakan:</span></p>
<p> </p>
<h3><span style="font-size: 14pt;">1. <em>When</em></span></h3>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Biasanya digunakan untuk <strong>menunjukkan kapan</strong> suatu <strong>peristiwa dimulai atau </strong></span> <span style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>berakhir</strong>. </span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Misalnya: <em>She had been teaching for 5 years <strong>when</strong> she decided to change </em></span> <span style="font-weight: 400;"><em>careers</em>. (Dia telah mengajar selama 5 tahun ketika dia memutuskan untuk mengganti karir.)</span></p>
<p> </p>
<h3><span style="font-size: 14pt;">2. <em>After</em></span></h3>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Menunjukkan suatu <strong>peristiwa yang terjadi setelah durasi tertentu</strong>. </span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Contohnya: <strong><em>After </em></strong></span> <span style="font-weight: 400;"><em>he had been working there for three years, he got promoted</em>. (Setelah dia bekerja di sana selama tiga tahun, dia dipromosikan.)</span></p>
<p> </p>
<h3><span style="font-size: 14pt;">3. <em>Before</em></span></h3>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Digunakan untuk menyatakan bahwa <strong>suatu tindakan telah berlangsung sebelum </strong></span> <span style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>tindakan lainnya terjadi</strong>. </span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Seperti dalam contoh: <em>They had been traveling for a week </em></span> <span style="font-weight: 400;"><em><strong>before</strong> they reached their destination</em>. (Mereka telah bepergian selama seminggu sebelum mereka mencapai tujuan mereka.)</span></p>
<p> </p>
<h3><span style="font-size: 14pt;">4. <em>For</em></span></h3>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Menunjukkan <strong>durasi waktu</strong>, biasanya diikuti dengan jumlah waktu tertentu. </span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Misalnya:<em> He had been studying <strong>for</strong> hours before he finally took a break</em>. (Dia telah belajar selama berjam-jam sebelum akhirnya dia istirahat.)</span></p>
<p> </p>
<h2><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><b>Penggunaan <em>Past Perfect Continuous Tense</em></b></span></h2>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Nah, jadi <em>past perfect continuous tense</em> digunakan ketika kita: </span></p>
<p>1. Menyatakan suatu aksi yang sedang berlangsung selama periode tertentu sebelum aksi lain terjadi di masa lalu.</p>
<p><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">I </span><strong>had been sleeping</strong></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"><em> for two hours when the alarm rang</em>. (Saya telah tidur selama dua jam ketika alarm berbunyi.)</span></p>
<p> </p>
<p>2. Menyoroti lamanya suatu aktivitas sebelum kejadian lain terjadi.</p>
<p><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">They </span><strong>had been waiting</strong></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"><em> for the train for an hour before it arrived</em>. (Mereka telah menunggu kereta selama satu jam sebelum kereta itu datang.)</span></p>
<p> </p>
<p>3. Menyatakan penyebab dari suatu kejadian di masa lalu.</p>
<p><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">She was exhausted because she</span><strong> had been working</strong></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"><em> all day</em>. (Dia kelelahan karena dia telah bekerja sepanjang hari.)</span></p>
<p><strong>Baca Juga: <a href="https://www.ruangguru.com/blog/future-perfect-continuous-tense" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Future Perfect Continuous Tense: Pengertian, Rumus & Contoh | Bahasa Inggris Kelas 11</a></strong></p>
<p> </p>
<h2 style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><b>Perbedaan </b></span><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><b><em>Past Perfect Continuous Tense </em></b></span><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><b>dengan <em>Past Perfect Tense</em></b></span></h2>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Mungkin sampai sini, kamu bertanya, bedanya apa dengan <em>past perfect tense</em>? Karena mereka terlihat mirip, tapi sebenarnya berbeda, ada perbedaan utama di antara keduanya:</span></p>
<table style="width: 100%;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="width: 17.3913%;"><em><strong>Tense</strong></em></td>
<td style="width: 18.242%;"><strong>Rumus</strong></td>
<td style="width: 63.5161%;"><strong>Contoh Kalimat</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 17.3913%;"><em><strong>Past Perfect</strong></em></td>
<td style="width: 18.242%;"><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">Subject + had + past participle</span></em></td>
<td style="width: 63.5161%;"><em>She <strong>had finished</strong> her homework before dinner</em><span style="font-weight: 400;">. (Dia telah menyelesaikan PR-nya sebelum makan malam.)</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 17.3913%;"><em><strong>Past Perfect Continuous</strong></em></td>
<td style="width: 18.242%;"><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">Subject + had been + verb-ing</span></em></td>
<td style="width: 63.5161%;"><em>She <strong>had been studying</strong> for two hours before dinner</em><span style="font-weight: 400;">. (Dia telah belajar selama dua jam sebelum makan malam.)</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 17.3913%;"><em><strong>Past Perfect</strong></em></td>
<td style="width: 18.242%;"><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">Subject + had + past participle</span></em></td>
<td style="width: 63.5161%;"><em>She <strong>had finished</strong> her homework before dinner</em><span style="font-weight: 400;">. (Dia telah menyelesaikan PR-nya sebelum makan malam.)</span></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p> </p>
<p><strong>Terlihat bahwa perbedaan utamanya</strong>:</p>
<ul style="text-align: justify;">
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><em><strong>Past Perfect</strong></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> menyoroti bahwa suatu aksi </span><strong>sudah selesai</strong><span style="font-weight: 400;"> sebelum aksi lain terjadi.</span></li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><em><strong>Past Perfect Continuous</strong></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> menyoroti bahwa suatu aksi </span><strong>berlangsung selama periode waktu tertentu</strong><span style="font-weight: 400;"> sebelum aksi lain terjadi.</span></li>
</ul>
<p style="text-align: center;">—</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Dengan memahami <em>past perfect continuous tense</em>, kamu bisa menceritakan kejadian di masa lalu dengan lebih detail dan memberikan nuansa durasi pada cerita tersebut. </span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;"><em>Tenses</em> ini sering digunakan dalam narasi untuk menggambarkan rangkaian peristiwa dengan alur waktu yang jelas. Yuk, terus latihan membuat kalimat dengan tense ini agar semakin mahir!</span></p>
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<div class="d-lg-none text-center">
<nav class="footer-menu social">
<p class="title">Ikuti Kami</p>
<a target="_blank" href="https://www.instagram.com/ruangguru/">
<picture>
<source srcset="https://cdn-web-2.ruangguru.com/static/instagram.png?height=60&convert=webp" type="image/webp">
<source srcset="https://cdn-web-2.ruangguru.com/static/instagram.png?height=60" type="image/png">
<img src="https://cdn-web-2.ruangguru.com/static/instagram.png" loading="lazy" alt="Logo Instagram Footer" width="32px" height="32px" />
</picture>
</a>
<a target="_blank" href="https://www.facebook.com/ruanggurucom/">
<picture>
<source srcset="https://cdn-web-2.ruangguru.com/static/facebook.png?height=60&convert=webp" type="image/webp">
<source srcset="https://cdn-web-2.ruangguru.com/static/facebook.png?height=60" type="image/png">
<img src="https://cdn-web-2.ruangguru.com/static/facebook.png" loading="lazy" alt="Logo Facebook Footer" width="32px" height="32px" />
</picture>
</a>
<a target="_blank" href="https://twitter.com/ruangguru/">
<picture>
<source srcset="https://cdn-web-2.ruangguru.com/static/twitter.png?height=60&convert=webp" type="image/webp">
<source srcset="https://cdn-web-2.ruangguru.com/static/twitter.png?height=60" type="image/png">
<img src="https://cdn-web-2.ruangguru.com/static/twitter.png" loading=" lazy" alt="Logo Twitter Footer" width="32px" height="32px" />
</picture>
</a>
<a target="_blank" href="https://www.youtube.com/ruangguru">
<picture>
<source srcset="https://cdn-web-2.ruangguru.com/static/youtube.png?height=60&convert=webp" type="image/webp">
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<img src="https://cdn-web-2.ruangguru.com/static/youtube.png" loading=" lazy" alt="Logo Youtube Footer" width="32px" height="32px" />
</picture>
</a>
<a target="_blank" href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/ruangguru-com">
<picture>
<source srcset="https://cdn-web-2.ruangguru.com/static/linkedin.png?height=60&convert=webp" type="image/webp">
<source srcset="https://cdn-web-2.ruangguru.com/static/linkedin.png?height=60" type="image/png">
<img src="https://cdn-web-2.ruangguru.com/static/linkedin.png" loading=" lazy" alt="Logo LinkedIn Footer" width="32px" height="32px" />
</picture>
</a>
<a target="_blank" href="https://www.tiktok.com/@ruangguru">
<picture>
<source srcset="https://cdn-web-2.ruangguru.com/static/tiktok.png?height=60&convert=webp" type="image/webp">
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<img src="https://cdn-web-2.ruangguru.com/static/tiktok.png" loading=" lazy" alt="Logo TikTok Footer" width="32px" height="32px" />
</picture>
</a>
</nav>
</div>
<p class="footer-copyright">
© 2026 All Rights Reserved PT. Ruang Raya Indonesia
</p>
</div>
<style>
.bantuan-container {
position: relative;
}
.bantuan-element {
position: fixed;
z-index: 999;
display: flex;
align-items: flex-end;
justify-content: flex-end;
cursor: pointer;
transition: all 0.6s ease;
}
.bantuan-top {
bottom: 11rem;
right: 2rem;
}
.bantuan-bottom {
bottom: 2rem;
right: 2rem;
}
.bantuan-top-2 {
bottom: 15rem;
right: 2rem;
}
.bantuan-top-3 {
bottom: 19rem;
right: 2rem;
}
.bantuan-bottom-2 {
bottom: 5rem;
right: 2rem;
}
.bantuan-bottom-3 {
bottom: 8rem;
right: 2rem;
}
@media (min-width: 768px) {
.bantuan-element img {
width: auto;
transition: all 0.4s ease;
}
.bantuan-top img {
width: 140px;
}
.bantuan-bottom img {
width: 140px;
}
.bantuan-top-2 img,
.bantuan-top-3 img {
width: 140px;
}
.bantuan-bottom-2 img,
.bantuan-bottom-3 img {
width: 140px;
}
.bantuan-element.clicked {
bottom: 9rem;
right: 2.5rem;
}
.bantuan-element.clicked img {
width: auto;
height: 64px;
}
}
@media (max-width: 767px) {
.bantuan-top {
bottom: 8rem;
right: 1rem;
align-items: center;
}
.bantuan-bottom {
bottom: 2rem;
right: 1.25rem;
align-items: center;
}
.bantuan-top-2 {
bottom: 12rem;
right: 1rem;
align-items: center;
}
.bantuan-top-3 {
bottom: 16rem;
right: 1rem;
align-items: center;
}
.bantuan-bottom-2 {
bottom: 5rem;
right: 1.25rem;
align-items: center;
}
.bantuan-bottom-3 {
bottom: 8rem;
right: 1.25rem;
align-items: center;
}
.bantuan-element img {
width: auto;
}
.bantuan-top img,
.bantuan-top-2 img,
.bantuan-top-3 img {
width: 96px;
}
.bantuan-bottom img,
.bantuan-bottom-2 img,
.bantuan-bottom-3 img {
width: 96px;
}
}
.bantuan-element:hover {
transform: scale(1.05);
}
.bantuan-element img {
max-width: 100%;
height: auto;
}
</style>
<div id="bantuan-divs-container" style="position: relative" data-product="ruangguru" data-table="rg_floating_icon"></div>
<script>
class FloatingDivsComponent {
constructor(product = 'ruangguru', table = 'rg_floating_icon') {
this.container = document.getElementById('bantuan-divs-container');
this.floatingElements = [];
this.product = product;
this.table = table;
// Configuration
this.config = {
baseApiUrl: 'https://gw.ruangguru.com/api/v3/rdb/p_ddgy8hjx5dxsqx/rg_banner/views/',
apiKey: 'vLyK3dJrDBRmOwueX2OJXibMkgsUbBk0WS4ua2p1',
maxElements: 2,
zIndexBase: 100,
};
// Build dynamic API URL based on table parameter
this.config.apiUrl = this.buildApiUrl();
this.init();
}
buildApiUrl() {
const baseUrl = this.config.baseApiUrl;
const tableName = this.table || 'rg_floating_icon';
const queryParams =
'offset=0&limit=99999&sort=rankPosition&where=(type,eq,floating)~and(showIn,anyof,blog)~and(hide,is,false)~and(product,eq,' +
this.product +
')&nested%5Bcta%5D%5Bfields%5D=Id,name,ctaId,imageUrl,ctaLink,targetUrl';
return `${baseUrl}${tableName}?${queryParams}`;
}
async init() {
try {
await this.fetchFloatingElements();
this.renderFloatingElements();
} catch (error) {
console.error('Failed to initialize floating divs component:', error);
}
}
async fetchFloatingElements() {
try {
const options = {
method: 'GET',
headers: {
'xc-token': this.config.apiKey || 'vLyK3dJrDBRmOwueX2OJXibMkgsUbBk0WS4ua2p1',
},
};
const urlNoco = this.config.apiUrl;
const response = await fetch(urlNoco, options);
if (!response.ok) {
throw new Error(`HTTP error! status: ${response.status}`);
}
const data = await response.json();
this.floatingElements = this.processApiResponse(data);
} catch (error) {
console.error('Error fetching floating elements:', error);
throw error;
}
}
processApiResponse(data) {
if (!data || !data.list || !Array.isArray(data.list)) {
return [];
}
console.log(data.list);
// Ensure we only get maximum 2 elements
const limitedElements = data.list.slice(0, this.config.maxElements);
return limitedElements;
}
renderFloatingElements() {
if (!this.container || this.floatingElements.length === 0) {
return;
}
// Additional safeguard: ensure we never render more than maxElements
const elementsToRender = this.floatingElements.slice(0, this.config.maxElements);
// Clean up existing elements and their event listeners
this.cleanupExistingElements();
// Clear existing content
this.container.innerHTML = '';
elementsToRender.forEach((element, index) => {
const floatingDiv = this.createFloatingDiv(element, index);
this.container.appendChild(floatingDiv);
});
}
cleanupExistingElements() {
// Clear existing elements (no need for event listener cleanup with CSS approach)
const existingElements = this.container.querySelectorAll('[data-floating-element]');
existingElements.forEach(element => {
element.remove();
});
}
createFloatingDiv(element, index) {
const div = document.createElement('div');
const cta = element.cta[0]; // Use the first CTA
// Add data attribute for cleanup tracking
div.setAttribute('data-floating-element', 'true');
// Apply CSS classes based on rankPosition
const positionClass = this.getPositionClass(element.rankPosition, index);
div.className = `bantuan-element ${positionClass}`;
div.style.zIndex = this.config.zIndexBase + index;
// Create the link and image
const link = document.createElement('a');
link.href = 'https://cta.ruangguru.com/' + cta.ctaId || '#';
link.target = '_blank';
// Add tracking attributes
link.setAttribute('data-tracking-event-type', 'landing_page__core__item_click');
link.setAttribute(
'data-tracking-context',
JSON.stringify({
product_name: this.product,
cta_action: 'redirection',
cta_action_detail: link.href,
item_type: 'floating',
item_name: element.name || 'Floating element',
item_category: 'payment',
item_position: index,
item_serial: null,
section_type: 'floating_item',
section_position: 'body',
section_name: 'floating_item',
})
);
const img = document.createElement('img');
img.src = element.imageUrl + '?h=200&convert=webp';
img.alt = element.name || 'Floating element';
img.loading = 'lazy';
// Add click tracking
link.addEventListener('click', () => {
this.trackClick(element, cta);
});
link.appendChild(img);
div.appendChild(link);
return div;
}
getPositionClass(rankPosition, index) {
// Define positioning classes based on rankPosition
if (rankPosition === 1) {
return 'bantuan-top'; // Top position
} else if (rankPosition === 2) {
return 'bantuan-bottom'; // Bottom position
} else {
// For additional elements, distribute them evenly
return `bantuan-${index % 2 === 0 ? 'top' : 'bottom'}-${Math.floor(index / 2) + 1}`;
}
}
trackClick(element, cta) {
// Implement click tracking logic here
console.log('Floating element clicked:', {
elementId: element.Id,
elementName: cta.name,
ctaId: cta.ctaId,
targetUrl: cta.targetUrl,
});
}
// Public method to manually refresh
async refresh() {
try {
await this.fetchFloatingElements();
this.renderFloatingElements();
} catch (error) {
console.error('Failed to refresh floating elements:', error);
throw error;
}
}
// Public method to get current floating elements
getFloatingElements() {
return [...this.floatingElements];
}
}
// Initialize the component when DOM is ready
document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => {
// Get product and table parameters from data attributes
const container = document.getElementById('bantuan-divs-container');
const product = container.getAttribute('data-product') || 'ruangguru';
const table = container.getAttribute('data-table') || 'rg_floating_icon';
new FloatingDivsComponent(product, table);
});
// Export for use in other modules if needed
if (typeof module !== 'undefined' && module.exports) {
module.exports = FloatingDivsComponent;
}
</script> <div id="wp-install-nudge" style="
position: fixed;
bottom: 0rem;
right: 0;
z-index: 999;
cursor: pointer;
"></div>
<script>
(function (w, d, s, o, f, js, fjs) {
w['Sales-Nudge-Widget'] = o; w[o] = w[o] || function () { (w[o].q = w[o].q || []).push(arguments) };
js = d.createElement(s), fjs = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0];
js.id = o; js.src = f; js.async = 1; fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs);
}(window, document, 'script', 'wpInstallNudge', 'https://cdn-web-2.ruangguru.com/sales-nudge/6198a95130/dist/widget.js'));
wpInstallNudge('init', { targetElementId: 'wp-install-nudge', clientTarget: 'ruangguru_blog' });
</script>
<script>
// note: disabled due to auto reload page
// var lastScrollTop = 0;
// $(window).scroll(function(event){
// var st = $(this).scrollTop();
// if (st > lastScrollTop){
// $('#wp-install-nudge').slideDown( "slow", function() {});
// } else {
// $('#wp-install-nudge').slideUp( "slow", function() {});
// }
// lastScrollTop = st;
// });
// $(document).ready(function () {
// $("#wp-install-nudge").hide();
// });
$('#wp-install-nudge').click(function(){
Analytics.track("promotion__install_nudge__click",
{
user_email: "ruangguru@blog.com",
cta_link: widgetData.dataConfig.target_link
}).catch((err) => {
console.log("tracker error", err);
});
});
</script>
</footer>
<div id="__next"></div>
<script type="speculationrules">
{"prefetch":[{"source":"document","where":{"and":[{"href_matches":"\/blog\/*"},{"not":{"href_matches":["\/blog\/wp-*.php","\/blog\/wp-admin\/*","\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/*","\/blog\/wp-content\/*","\/blog\/wp-content\/plugins\/*","\/blog\/wp-content\/themes\/ruangguru\/*","\/blog\/*\\?(.+)"]}},{"not":{"selector_matches":"a[rel~=\"nofollow\"]"}},{"not":{"selector_matches":".no-prefetch, .no-prefetch a"}}]},"eagerness":"conservative"}]}
</script>
<script>
async function getCtaDetails(ctaIds) {
const endpoint =
" https://gw.ruangguru.com/api/v3/rdb/p_ddgy8hjx5dxsqx/CTA/views/CTA?offset=0&limit=10&where=(ctaId,in," + ctaIds.toString() + ")";
try {
const response = await fetch(endpoint, {
headers: {
"xc-token": "-hG2nBDJzSj0agSgNtcJx97M4F02y54nUMoY6plJ",
},
});
const data = await response.json();
const ctaList = data?.list || [];
const ctaMap = new Map();
for (const ctaData of ctaList) {
ctaMap.set(ctaData.ctaId, ctaData);
}
return ctaMap;
} catch (error) {
console.error("Error fetching CTA details:", error);
return new Map();
}
}
async function replaceCTA() {
const regex = /{{cta\((‘(.*?)’|“(.*?)”)\)}}/g;
const bodyHTML = document.body.innerHTML;
const matches = Array.from(bodyHTML.matchAll(regex));
const ctaIds = matches.map((match) => {
let ctaId = match[2] ?? match[3];
return ctaId;
});
const ctaMap = await getCtaDetails(ctaIds);
const replacedHTML = bodyHTML.replace(regex, (match, _inner, ctaId1, ctaId2) => {
const ctaId = ctaId1 ?? ctaId2;
const ctaData = ctaMap.get(ctaId);
if (ctaData) {
return `<a href="https://cta.ruangguru.com/${ctaData.ctaId}" target="_${ctaData.targetType}" style="position:relative;display:inline-block;">
<img src="${ctaData.imageUrl}" loading="lazy" alt="${ctaData.altText}" />
</a>`;
} else {
return match;
}
});
document.body.innerHTML = replacedHTML;
}
</script>
<meta name="author" content="Ruangguru Tech Team">
<!-- Google Tag Manager (noscript) -->
<noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-PVNLZFT" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript>
<!-- Tracker -->
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn-web-2.ruangguru.com/landing-page-web/public/staticpages/global-assets/js/cta.js"></script>
<script src="https://unpkg.com/@dotlottie/player-component@latest/dist/dotlottie-player.mjs" type="module"></script>
</body>
</html>