Artikel mata pelajaran Geografi kelas 10 ini berisi informasi seputar vulkanisme, meliputi pengertian, gejala, erupsi, sampai bentuk gunung api.
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Berdasarkan catatan Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG), Gunung Semeru mengalami erupsi pada tanggal 4 Desember 2022. Gunung ini memuntahkan abu vulkanik kelabu setinggi 1,5 km di atas puncak.
Sebelumnya, pada tanggal 4 Desember 2021, Gunung Semeru yang terletak di Jawa Timur juga mengalami erupsi. Gunung berapi tertinggi ke-tiga di Indonesia ini mengeluarkan awan panas guguran yang menyebabkan hujan abu dan menggelapkan beberapa desa di sekitarnya.
Eits, jangan terlalu serius gitu dong. Informasi ini tujuannya bukan buat nakutin kamu kok, jadi tetap tenang dan jangan panik ya hehe.
Ngomongin tentang gunung api, tentunya kita pasti mengaitkan peristiwa ini dengan fenomena vulkanisme dong. Kira-kira kamu udah khatam belum nih seputar vulkanisme? Yuk, simak bahasanku kali ini seputar vulkanisme ya!
Apa itu Vulkanisme?
Apa sih vulkanisme itu? Vulkanisme adalah segala peristiwa yang berhubungan dengan magma yang keluar menuju permukaan bumi melalui rekahan dalam kerak bumi.
Magma ini bentuknya cair dan berpijar. Magma bergerak naik ke permukaan bumi melalui diatrema, yaitu saluran yang mirip pipa. Jika sudah sampai di permukaan bumi, magma berubah nama, lho! Hayo tebak, namanya jadi apa? Yap, betul banget, namanya berubah menjadi lava.
Nah, jadi, faktor utama pada gejala vulkanisme ini adalah magma ya, gais. Karena aktivitas magma itu beragam, maka dapat menimbulkan gejala vulkanik yang beragam juga loh, seperti tipe erupsinya, bentuk gunung api, dan aktivitasnya.
Gejala Vulkanisme
Peristiwa vulkanisme memiliki gejala yang dapat diamati loh gais, yakni gejala sebelum terjadinya vulkanisme (pravulkanisme) dan gejala sesudah terjadinya vulkanisme (pascavulkanisme).
1. Gejala pravulkanisme
Gejala pravulkanisme atau ciri-ciri dari gunung api yang akan meletus antara lain adalah:
- Sering terjadi gempa
- Banyak sumber air mengering
- Peningkatan temperatur di sekitar kawah
- Terdengar gemuruh dari dalam gunung
- Hewan-hewan dari puncak gunung turun ke lereng gunung
2. Gejala pascavulkanisme
Sedangkan untuk gejala pascavulkanisme yang muncul setelah gunung api selesai meletus adalah:
- Munculnya sumber air panas atau geiser
- Munculnya sumber gas atau ekshalasi seperti belerang
- Munculnya sumber air yang mengandung mineral seperti belerang atau sulfur
Nah, karena kamu sekarang udah tau apa itu vulkanisme dan gejala-gejalanya, sekarang aku mau bahas tentang erupsi gunung api ya!
Erupsi Gunung Api
Kamu pasti udah pernah denger kan tentang erupsi? Erupsi adalah proses keluarnya magma dari perut bumi. Dengan kata lain, erupsi itu terjadi ketika suatu gunung api meletus. Erupsi atau letusan gunung api berdasarkan kekuatannya ada 2 macam ya gais, yaitu yang berupa ledakan (eksplosif) dan berupa lelehan (efusif).
Erupsi eksplosif adalah erupsi dengan tekanan yang sangat kuat, hingga menghasilkan letusan yang besar atau ledakan. Ini karena magma di bawah gunung memiliki kandungan gas yang sangat tinggi, sehingga memiliki tekanan yang tinggi dan menghasilkan ledakan besar yang biasanya hanya satu kali.
Nah, kalo erupsi efusif adalah erupsi dengan tekanan yang kecil, sehingga hanya berupa lelehan yang berangsur keluar. Ini terjadi karena magma di dalamnya bersifat basa dan memiliki kandungan gas yang sedikit ya gais. Jadi biasanya erupsi tipe ini tidak menghasilkan ledakan yang dahsyat.
Nah karena dua tipe erupsi ini, gunung-gunung api yang tersebar di bumi memiliki bentuk yang berbeda loh gais. Secara umum, ada 3 jenis gunung api yang perlu kamu ketahui, yaitu gunung api perisai, maar, dan strato.
Baca Juga: Mengenal Gerakan Lempeng Tektonik
Bentuk Gunung Api
1. Gunung Api Maar
Gunung api ini terbentuk karena terjadinya erupsi eksplosif, sehingga meninggalkan kawah yang cukup besar.
Contoh gunung api di Indonesia dengan bentuk ini adalah Gunung Lamongan dan Gunung Dieng.
2. Gunung Api Perisai
Sesuai namanya, gunung api perisai adalah gunung yang bentuknya relatif datar. Gunung ini hanya terbentuk karena erupsi efusif. Karena magma yang keluar sangat cair, gunung ini memiliki lereng yang sangat landai dan dasar yang relatif luas. Gunung api tipe ini tidak ditemukan di Indonesia ya gais, melainkan di negara lain.
Contohnya seperti Gunung Mauna Loa dan Gunung Kilauea di Hawaii.
Baca Juga: Apa yang Dimaksud dengan Intrusi dan Ekstrusi Magma?
3. Gunung Api Kerucut
Gunung api kerucut atau biasa juga disebut strato merupakan bentuk gunung api yang paling umum di Indonesia. Gunung ini terbentuk karena erupsi campuran antara eksplosif dan efusif.
Tumpukan magma yang bergantian dari letusan (eksplosif) dan lelehan (efusif) mengendap semakin tinggi seiring perjalanan waktu. Inilah yang menyebabkan dinding kawah dari gunung jenis ini memiliki batuan beku yang berlapis-lapis.
Beberapa gunung api di Indonesia dengan bentuk ini antara lain adalah Gunung Kerinci, Gunung, Merapi, Gunung Merbabu, dan Gunung Pangrango. Gunung Semeru dan Gunung Raung yang sebelumnya aku bahas juga masuk pada kategori ini ya gais.
Status Aktivitas Gunung Api
Nah kalo sekarang udah tau beberapa bentuk dari gunung api, pasti kamu penasaran juga kan sama aktivitas gunung api? Di awal tadi aku udah bahas tentang Gunung Semeru yang diberi status “waspada”. Nah sekarang aku mau kasih tau lebih detailnya nih tentang status yang diberikan pada gunung aktif Indonesia.
Berdasarkan Permen ESDM No. 15 Tahun 2011, tingkat aktivitas gunung api di Indonesia dibagi menjadi 4 level atau tingkatan loh gais. Keempat level itu dari paling rendah ke paling tinggi adalah Level I (Normal), Level II (Waspada), Level III (Siaga), dan Level IV (Awas). Kamu bisa cermati lagi lebih dalam melalui gambar di bawah ya:
Baca Juga: Jenis-Jenis Siklus Hidrologi
Tingkat aktivitas gunung api ini bukan sebagai predikat suatu gunung aja loh gais, tapi ini juga digunakan aparat dan masyarakat sekitar sebagai arahan ketika sedang dalam keadaan genting. Tindakan yang diambil oleh aparat dan warga nantinya akan disesuaikan dengan masing-masing level gunung tersebut, sehingga bisa terwujud mitigasi bencana yang efektif dan efisien.
Baca Juga: Litosfer: Pengertian, Struktur, Batuan Penyusun, dan Fungsinya | Geografi Kelas 10
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Itu dia bahasan kita kali ini seputar vulkanisme ya! Kalo kamu mau tau lebih banyak lagi tentang informasi menarik seputar pelajaran kamu di sekolah, jangan ragu untuk langganan langsung ruangbelajar ya gais! Materi kayak gini dibahas lebih lengkap dan ada video menariknya juga tentunya. Jadi kamu bisa sambil rebahan menikmati animasi video belajar yang menarik deh xixixi. Sampai jumpa di tulisan berikutnya! Dadah~
Referensi:
Danang Endarto. 2007. Pengantar Geomorfologi Umum. Surakarta: LPP UNS dan UNS Press.
MAGMA Indonesia. “Tingkat Aktivitas Gunung Api”, 4 Agustus 2020 [daring]. diakses pada: https://magma.esdm.go.id/v1/edukasi/tingkat-aktivitas-gunung-api (5 Februari 2021)
Museum Merapi. “Bentuk Gunung Api”, 24 September 2010 [daring]. diakses pada: http://mgm.slemankab.go.id/bentuk-gunung-api/ (5 Februari 2021)
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<h1 class="content-title">
Vulkanisme: Pengertian, Gejala, Erupsi & Bentuk Gunung Api | Geografi Kelas 10 </h1>
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<p class="content-author"><a href="https://www.ruangguru.com/blog/author/kak-ali-mt-soshum" class="">Kak Ali MT Soshum</a> </p>
<p class="content-info"><span>January 13, 2025 • </span> <span>6 minutes read</span></p>
<br />
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<p><img decoding="async" style="width: 820px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; display: block;" src="https://cdn-web.ruangguru.com/landing-pages/assets/hs/Geografi%2010%20-%20Gejala%20Vulkanisme-09.jpg" alt="pengertian vulkanisme" width="820" /></p>
<blockquote>
<p style="text-align: center;"><em>Artikel mata pelajaran <strong><a href="https://www.ruangguru.com/blog/c/geografi/geografi-sma-kelas-10" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Geografi kelas 10 </a></strong>ini berisi informasi seputar vulkanisme, meliputi pengertian, gejala, erupsi, sampai bentuk gunung api.</em></p>
</blockquote>
<p style="text-align: center;">—</p>
<p> </p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Berdasarkan catatan Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG), Gunung Semeru mengalami erupsi pada tanggal 4 Desember 2022. Gunung ini memuntahkan abu vulkanik kelabu setinggi 1,5 km di atas puncak.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Sebelumnya, pada tanggal 4 Desember 2021, Gunung Semeru yang terletak di Jawa Timur juga mengalami erupsi. Gunung berapi tertinggi ke-tiga di Indonesia ini mengeluarkan awan panas guguran yang menyebabkan hujan abu dan menggelapkan beberapa desa di sekitarnya.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><img decoding="async" style="width: 600px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; display: block;" src="https://cdn-web.ruangguru.com/landing-pages/assets/hs/Geografi%2010%20-%20Gejala%20Vulkanisme-14.jpg" alt="fakta erupsi gunung semeru" width="600" /></p>
<p> </p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><em>Eits</em>, jangan terlalu serius gitu <em>dong</em>. Informasi ini tujuannya bukan buat nakutin kamu kok, jadi tetap tenang dan jangan panik ya <em>hehe</em>.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Ngomongin tentang gunung api, tentunya kita pasti mengaitkan peristiwa ini dengan fenomena vulkanisme <em>dong</em>. Kira-kira kamu udah khatam belum nih seputar vulkanisme? Yuk, simak bahasanku kali ini seputar vulkanisme ya!</p>
<p> </p>
<h2><span style="font-size: 18pt;">Apa itu Vulkanisme?</span></h2>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Apa sih vulkanisme itu? <strong>Vulkanisme adalah segala peristiwa yang berhubungan dengan magma yang keluar menuju permukaan bumi melalui rekahan dalam kerak bumi</strong>.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Magma ini bentuknya cair dan berpijar. Magma bergerak naik ke permukaan bumi melalui diatrema, yaitu saluran yang mirip pipa. Jika sudah sampai di permukaan bumi, magma berubah nama, <em>lho</em>! <em>Hayo</em> tebak, namanya jadi apa? <em>Yap</em>, betul <em>banget</em>, namanya berubah menjadi lava.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Nah, jadi, faktor utama pada gejala vulkanisme ini adalah magma ya, <em>gais</em>. Karena aktivitas magma itu beragam, maka dapat menimbulkan gejala vulkanik yang beragam juga loh, seperti tipe erupsinya, bentuk gunung api, dan aktivitasnya.</p>
<p> </p>
<h2><span style="font-size: 18pt;">Gejala Vulkanisme</span></h2>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Peristiwa vulkanisme memiliki gejala yang dapat diamati loh gais, yakni gejala sebelum terjadinya vulkanisme (pravulkanisme) dan gejala sesudah terjadinya vulkanisme (pascavulkanisme).</p>
<p> </p>
<h3><span style="font-size: 14pt;">1. Gejala pravulkanisme</span></h3>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Gejala pravulkanisme atau ciri-ciri dari gunung api yang akan meletus antara lain adalah:</p>
<ul>
<li aria-level="1">Sering terjadi gempa</li>
<li aria-level="1">Banyak sumber air mengering</li>
<li aria-level="1">Peningkatan temperatur di sekitar kawah</li>
<li aria-level="1">Terdengar gemuruh dari dalam gunung</li>
<li aria-level="1">Hewan-hewan dari puncak gunung turun ke lereng gunung</li>
</ul>
<p> </p>
<h3><span style="font-size: 14pt;">2. Gejala pascavulkanisme</span></h3>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Sedangkan untuk<strong> gejala pascavulkanisme</strong> yang muncul setelah gunung api selesai meletus adalah:</p>
<ul>
<li aria-level="1">Munculnya sumber air panas atau geiser</li>
<li aria-level="1">Munculnya sumber gas atau ekshalasi seperti belerang</li>
<li aria-level="1">Munculnya sumber air yang mengandung mineral seperti belerang atau sulfur</li>
</ul>
<p> </p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Nah, karena kamu sekarang udah tau apa itu vulkanisme dan gejala-gejalanya, sekarang aku mau bahas tentang erupsi gunung api ya!</p>
<p> </p>
<h2><span style="font-size: 18pt;">Erupsi Gunung Api</span></h2>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Kamu pasti udah pernah denger kan tentang erupsi? <strong>Erupsi adalah proses keluarnya magma dari perut bumi</strong>. Dengan kata lain, erupsi itu terjadi ketika suatu gunung api meletus. Erupsi atau letusan gunung api berdasarkan kekuatannya ada 2 macam ya gais, yaitu yang berupa ledakan (eksplosif) dan berupa lelehan (efusif).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Erupsi eksplosif adalah erupsi dengan tekanan yang sangat kuat, hingga menghasilkan letusan yang besar atau ledakan</strong>. Ini karena magma di bawah gunung memiliki kandungan gas yang sangat tinggi, sehingga memiliki tekanan yang tinggi dan menghasilkan ledakan besar yang biasanya hanya satu kali.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Nah, kalo <strong>erupsi efusif adalah erupsi dengan tekanan yang kecil, sehingga hanya berupa lelehan yang berangsur keluar</strong>. Ini terjadi karena magma di dalamnya bersifat basa dan memiliki kandungan gas yang sedikit ya gais. Jadi biasanya erupsi tipe ini tidak menghasilkan ledakan yang dahsyat.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Nah karena dua tipe erupsi ini, gunung-gunung api yang tersebar di bumi memiliki bentuk yang berbeda loh gais. Secara umum, ada 3 jenis gunung api yang perlu kamu ketahui, yaitu gunung api perisai, maar, dan strato.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Baca Juga: <a href="/blog/mengenal-gerakan-lempeng-tektonik" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Mengenal Gerakan Lempeng Tektonik</a></span></p>
<p> </p>
<h2><span style="font-size: 18pt;">Bentuk Gunung Api</span></h2>
<h3><span style="font-size: 14pt;">1. Gunung Api Maar</span></h3>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Gunung api ini terbentuk karena terjadinya erupsi eksplosif, sehingga meninggalkan kawah yang cukup besar.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Contoh gunung api di Indonesia dengan bentuk ini adalah Gunung Lamongan dan Gunung Dieng.</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><img decoding="async" style="width: 600px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; display: block;" src="https://cdn-web.ruangguru.com/landing-pages/assets/hs/Geografi%2010%20-%20Gejala%20Vulkanisme-13.jpg" alt="gunung api maar" width="600" /></p>
<p> </p>
<h3><span style="font-size: 14pt;">2. Gunung Api Perisai</span></h3>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Sesuai namanya, gunung api perisai adalah gunung yang bentuknya relatif datar. Gunung ini hanya terbentuk karena erupsi efusif. Karena magma yang keluar sangat cair, gunung ini memiliki lereng yang sangat landai dan dasar yang relatif luas. Gunung api tipe ini tidak ditemukan di Indonesia ya gais, melainkan di negara lain.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Contohnya seperti Gunung Mauna Loa dan Gunung Kilauea di Hawaii.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify; font-weight: bold;">Baca Juga: <a href="/blog/intrusi-dan-ekstrusi-magma" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Apa yang Dimaksud dengan Intrusi dan Ekstrusi Magma?</a></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><img decoding="async" style="width: 600px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; display: block;" src="https://cdn-web.ruangguru.com/landing-pages/assets/hs/Geografi%2010%20-%20Gejala%20Vulkanisme-12.jpg" alt="gunung api perisai" width="600" /></p>
<p> </p>
<h3><span style="font-size: 14pt;">3. Gunung Api Kerucut</span></h3>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Gunung api kerucut atau biasa juga disebut strato merupakan bentuk gunung api yang paling umum di Indonesia. Gunung ini terbentuk karena erupsi campuran antara eksplosif dan efusif.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Tumpukan magma yang bergantian dari letusan (eksplosif) dan lelehan (efusif) mengendap semakin tinggi seiring perjalanan waktu. Inilah yang menyebabkan dinding kawah dari gunung jenis ini memiliki batuan beku yang berlapis-lapis.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Beberapa gunung api di Indonesia dengan bentuk ini antara lain adalah Gunung Kerinci, Gunung, Merapi, Gunung Merbabu, dan Gunung Pangrango. Gunung Semeru dan Gunung Raung yang sebelumnya aku bahas juga masuk pada kategori ini ya gais.</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><img decoding="async" style="width: 600px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; display: block;" src="https://cdn-web.ruangguru.com/landing-pages/assets/hs/Geografi%2010%20-%20Gejala%20Vulkanisme-11.jpg" alt="gunung api kerucut" width="600" /></p>
<p> </p>
<h2><span style="font-size: 18pt;">Status Aktivitas Gunung Api</span></h2>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Nah kalo sekarang udah tau beberapa bentuk dari gunung api, pasti kamu penasaran juga kan sama aktivitas gunung api? Di awal tadi aku udah bahas tentang Gunung Semeru yang diberi status “waspada”. Nah sekarang aku mau kasih tau lebih detailnya nih tentang status yang diberikan pada gunung aktif Indonesia.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Berdasarkan Permen ESDM No. 15 Tahun 2011, tingkat aktivitas gunung api di Indonesia dibagi menjadi 4 level atau tingkatan loh gais. Keempat level itu dari paling rendah ke paling tinggi adalah Level I (Normal), Level II (Waspada), Level III (Siaga), dan Level IV (Awas). Kamu bisa cermati lagi lebih dalam melalui gambar di bawah ya:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify; font-weight: bold;">Baca Juga: <a href="/blog/siklus-hidrologi" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Jenis-Jenis Siklus Hidrologi</a></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><img decoding="async" style="width: 600px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; display: block;" src="https://cdn-web.ruangguru.com/landing-pages/assets/hs/Geografi%2010%20-%20Gejala%20Vulkanisme-10.jpg" alt="status aktivitas gunung merapi" width="600" /></p>
<p> </p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Tingkat aktivitas gunung api ini bukan sebagai predikat suatu gunung aja loh gais, tapi ini juga digunakan aparat dan masyarakat sekitar sebagai arahan ketika sedang dalam keadaan genting. Tindakan yang diambil oleh aparat dan warga nantinya akan disesuaikan dengan masing-masing level gunung tersebut, sehingga bisa terwujud mitigasi bencana yang efektif dan efisien.</p>
<p><strong>Baca Juga: <a href="https://www.ruangguru.com/blog/mengenal-lapisan-litosfer-bumi" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Litosfer: Pengertian, Struktur, Batuan Penyusun, dan Fungsinya | Geografi Kelas 10</a></strong></p>
<p style="text-align: center;">—</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Itu dia bahasan kita kali ini seputar vulkanisme ya! Kalo kamu mau tau lebih banyak lagi tentang informasi menarik seputar pelajaran kamu di sekolah, jangan ragu untuk langganan langsung <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="https://www.ruangguru.com/ruangbelajar">ruangbelajar</a> ya gais! Materi kayak gini dibahas lebih lengkap dan ada video menariknya juga tentunya. Jadi kamu bisa sambil rebahan menikmati animasi video belajar yang menarik deh xixixi. Sampai jumpa di tulisan berikutnya! Dadah~</p>
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<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #000000;"><strong>Referensi:</strong></span></p>
<p>Danang Endarto. 2007. Pengantar Geomorfologi Umum. Surakarta: LPP UNS dan UNS Press.</p>
<p>MAGMA Indonesia. “Tingkat Aktivitas Gunung Api”, 4 Agustus 2020 [daring]. diakses pada: https://magma.esdm.go.id/v1/edukasi/tingkat-aktivitas-gunung-api (5 Februari 2021)</p>
<p>Museum Merapi. “Bentuk Gunung Api”, 24 September 2010 [daring]. diakses pada: http://mgm.slemankab.go.id/bentuk-gunung-api/ (5 Februari 2021)</p>
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<div class="d-lg-none text-center">
<nav class="footer-menu social">
<p class="title">Ikuti Kami</p>
<a target="_blank" href="https://www.instagram.com/ruangguru/">
<picture>
<source srcset="https://cdn-web-2.ruangguru.com/static/instagram.png?height=60&convert=webp" type="image/webp">
<source srcset="https://cdn-web-2.ruangguru.com/static/instagram.png?height=60" type="image/png">
<img src="https://cdn-web-2.ruangguru.com/static/instagram.png" loading="lazy" alt="Logo Instagram Footer" width="32px" height="32px" />
</picture>
</a>
<a target="_blank" href="https://www.facebook.com/ruanggurucom/">
<picture>
<source srcset="https://cdn-web-2.ruangguru.com/static/facebook.png?height=60&convert=webp" type="image/webp">
<source srcset="https://cdn-web-2.ruangguru.com/static/facebook.png?height=60" type="image/png">
<img src="https://cdn-web-2.ruangguru.com/static/facebook.png" loading="lazy" alt="Logo Facebook Footer" width="32px" height="32px" />
</picture>
</a>
<a target="_blank" href="https://twitter.com/ruangguru/">
<picture>
<source srcset="https://cdn-web-2.ruangguru.com/static/twitter.png?height=60&convert=webp" type="image/webp">
<source srcset="https://cdn-web-2.ruangguru.com/static/twitter.png?height=60" type="image/png">
<img src="https://cdn-web-2.ruangguru.com/static/twitter.png" loading=" lazy" alt="Logo Twitter Footer" width="32px" height="32px" />
</picture>
</a>
<a target="_blank" href="https://www.youtube.com/ruangguru">
<picture>
<source srcset="https://cdn-web-2.ruangguru.com/static/youtube.png?height=60&convert=webp" type="image/webp">
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<img src="https://cdn-web-2.ruangguru.com/static/youtube.png" loading=" lazy" alt="Logo Youtube Footer" width="32px" height="32px" />
</picture>
</a>
<a target="_blank" href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/ruangguru-com">
<picture>
<source srcset="https://cdn-web-2.ruangguru.com/static/linkedin.png?height=60&convert=webp" type="image/webp">
<source srcset="https://cdn-web-2.ruangguru.com/static/linkedin.png?height=60" type="image/png">
<img src="https://cdn-web-2.ruangguru.com/static/linkedin.png" loading=" lazy" alt="Logo LinkedIn Footer" width="32px" height="32px" />
</picture>
</a>
<a target="_blank" href="https://www.tiktok.com/@ruangguru">
<picture>
<source srcset="https://cdn-web-2.ruangguru.com/static/tiktok.png?height=60&convert=webp" type="image/webp">
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<img src="https://cdn-web-2.ruangguru.com/static/tiktok.png" loading=" lazy" alt="Logo TikTok Footer" width="32px" height="32px" />
</picture>
</a>
</nav>
</div>
<p class="footer-copyright">
© 2026 All Rights Reserved PT. Ruang Raya Indonesia
</p>
</div>
<style>
.bantuan-container {
position: relative;
}
.bantuan-element {
position: fixed;
z-index: 999;
display: flex;
align-items: flex-end;
justify-content: flex-end;
cursor: pointer;
transition: all 0.6s ease;
}
.bantuan-top {
bottom: 11rem;
right: 2rem;
}
.bantuan-bottom {
bottom: 2rem;
right: 2rem;
}
.bantuan-top-2 {
bottom: 15rem;
right: 2rem;
}
.bantuan-top-3 {
bottom: 19rem;
right: 2rem;
}
.bantuan-bottom-2 {
bottom: 5rem;
right: 2rem;
}
.bantuan-bottom-3 {
bottom: 8rem;
right: 2rem;
}
@media (min-width: 768px) {
.bantuan-element img {
width: auto;
transition: all 0.4s ease;
}
.bantuan-top img {
width: 140px;
}
.bantuan-bottom img {
width: 140px;
}
.bantuan-top-2 img,
.bantuan-top-3 img {
width: 140px;
}
.bantuan-bottom-2 img,
.bantuan-bottom-3 img {
width: 140px;
}
.bantuan-element.clicked {
bottom: 9rem;
right: 2.5rem;
}
.bantuan-element.clicked img {
width: auto;
height: 64px;
}
}
@media (max-width: 767px) {
.bantuan-top {
bottom: 8rem;
right: 1rem;
align-items: center;
}
.bantuan-bottom {
bottom: 2rem;
right: 1.25rem;
align-items: center;
}
.bantuan-top-2 {
bottom: 12rem;
right: 1rem;
align-items: center;
}
.bantuan-top-3 {
bottom: 16rem;
right: 1rem;
align-items: center;
}
.bantuan-bottom-2 {
bottom: 5rem;
right: 1.25rem;
align-items: center;
}
.bantuan-bottom-3 {
bottom: 8rem;
right: 1.25rem;
align-items: center;
}
.bantuan-element img {
width: auto;
}
.bantuan-top img,
.bantuan-top-2 img,
.bantuan-top-3 img {
width: 96px;
}
.bantuan-bottom img,
.bantuan-bottom-2 img,
.bantuan-bottom-3 img {
width: 96px;
}
}
.bantuan-element:hover {
transform: scale(1.05);
}
.bantuan-element img {
max-width: 100%;
height: auto;
}
</style>
<div id="bantuan-divs-container" style="position: relative" data-product="ruangguru" data-table="rg_floating_icon"></div>
<script>
class FloatingDivsComponent {
constructor(product = 'ruangguru', table = 'rg_floating_icon') {
this.container = document.getElementById('bantuan-divs-container');
this.floatingElements = [];
this.product = product;
this.table = table;
// Configuration
this.config = {
baseApiUrl: 'https://gw.ruangguru.com/api/v3/rdb/p_ddgy8hjx5dxsqx/rg_banner/views/',
apiKey: 'vLyK3dJrDBRmOwueX2OJXibMkgsUbBk0WS4ua2p1',
maxElements: 2,
zIndexBase: 100,
};
// Build dynamic API URL based on table parameter
this.config.apiUrl = this.buildApiUrl();
this.init();
}
buildApiUrl() {
const baseUrl = this.config.baseApiUrl;
const tableName = this.table || 'rg_floating_icon';
const queryParams =
'offset=0&limit=99999&sort=rankPosition&where=(type,eq,floating)~and(showIn,anyof,blog)~and(hide,is,false)~and(product,eq,' +
this.product +
')&nested%5Bcta%5D%5Bfields%5D=Id,name,ctaId,imageUrl,ctaLink,targetUrl';
return `${baseUrl}${tableName}?${queryParams}`;
}
async init() {
try {
await this.fetchFloatingElements();
this.renderFloatingElements();
} catch (error) {
console.error('Failed to initialize floating divs component:', error);
}
}
async fetchFloatingElements() {
try {
const options = {
method: 'GET',
headers: {
'xc-token': this.config.apiKey || 'vLyK3dJrDBRmOwueX2OJXibMkgsUbBk0WS4ua2p1',
},
};
const urlNoco = this.config.apiUrl;
const response = await fetch(urlNoco, options);
if (!response.ok) {
throw new Error(`HTTP error! status: ${response.status}`);
}
const data = await response.json();
this.floatingElements = this.processApiResponse(data);
} catch (error) {
console.error('Error fetching floating elements:', error);
throw error;
}
}
processApiResponse(data) {
if (!data || !data.list || !Array.isArray(data.list)) {
return [];
}
console.log(data.list);
// Ensure we only get maximum 2 elements
const limitedElements = data.list.slice(0, this.config.maxElements);
return limitedElements;
}
renderFloatingElements() {
if (!this.container || this.floatingElements.length === 0) {
return;
}
// Additional safeguard: ensure we never render more than maxElements
const elementsToRender = this.floatingElements.slice(0, this.config.maxElements);
// Clean up existing elements and their event listeners
this.cleanupExistingElements();
// Clear existing content
this.container.innerHTML = '';
elementsToRender.forEach((element, index) => {
const floatingDiv = this.createFloatingDiv(element, index);
this.container.appendChild(floatingDiv);
});
}
cleanupExistingElements() {
// Clear existing elements (no need for event listener cleanup with CSS approach)
const existingElements = this.container.querySelectorAll('[data-floating-element]');
existingElements.forEach(element => {
element.remove();
});
}
createFloatingDiv(element, index) {
const div = document.createElement('div');
const cta = element.cta[0]; // Use the first CTA
// Add data attribute for cleanup tracking
div.setAttribute('data-floating-element', 'true');
// Apply CSS classes based on rankPosition
const positionClass = this.getPositionClass(element.rankPosition, index);
div.className = `bantuan-element ${positionClass}`;
div.style.zIndex = this.config.zIndexBase + index;
// Create the link and image
const link = document.createElement('a');
link.href = 'https://cta.ruangguru.com/' + cta.ctaId || '#';
link.target = '_blank';
// Add tracking attributes
link.setAttribute('data-tracking-event-type', 'landing_page__core__item_click');
link.setAttribute(
'data-tracking-context',
JSON.stringify({
product_name: this.product,
cta_action: 'redirection',
cta_action_detail: link.href,
item_type: 'floating',
item_name: element.name || 'Floating element',
item_category: 'payment',
item_position: index,
item_serial: null,
section_type: 'floating_item',
section_position: 'body',
section_name: 'floating_item',
})
);
const img = document.createElement('img');
img.src = element.imageUrl + '?h=200&convert=webp';
img.alt = element.name || 'Floating element';
img.loading = 'lazy';
// Add click tracking
link.addEventListener('click', () => {
this.trackClick(element, cta);
});
link.appendChild(img);
div.appendChild(link);
return div;
}
getPositionClass(rankPosition, index) {
// Define positioning classes based on rankPosition
if (rankPosition === 1) {
return 'bantuan-top'; // Top position
} else if (rankPosition === 2) {
return 'bantuan-bottom'; // Bottom position
} else {
// For additional elements, distribute them evenly
return `bantuan-${index % 2 === 0 ? 'top' : 'bottom'}-${Math.floor(index / 2) + 1}`;
}
}
trackClick(element, cta) {
// Implement click tracking logic here
console.log('Floating element clicked:', {
elementId: element.Id,
elementName: cta.name,
ctaId: cta.ctaId,
targetUrl: cta.targetUrl,
});
}
// Public method to manually refresh
async refresh() {
try {
await this.fetchFloatingElements();
this.renderFloatingElements();
} catch (error) {
console.error('Failed to refresh floating elements:', error);
throw error;
}
}
// Public method to get current floating elements
getFloatingElements() {
return [...this.floatingElements];
}
}
// Initialize the component when DOM is ready
document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => {
// Get product and table parameters from data attributes
const container = document.getElementById('bantuan-divs-container');
const product = container.getAttribute('data-product') || 'ruangguru';
const table = container.getAttribute('data-table') || 'rg_floating_icon';
new FloatingDivsComponent(product, table);
});
// Export for use in other modules if needed
if (typeof module !== 'undefined' && module.exports) {
module.exports = FloatingDivsComponent;
}
</script> <div id="wp-install-nudge" style="
position: fixed;
bottom: 0rem;
right: 0;
z-index: 999;
cursor: pointer;
"></div>
<script>
(function (w, d, s, o, f, js, fjs) {
w['Sales-Nudge-Widget'] = o; w[o] = w[o] || function () { (w[o].q = w[o].q || []).push(arguments) };
js = d.createElement(s), fjs = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0];
js.id = o; js.src = f; js.async = 1; fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs);
}(window, document, 'script', 'wpInstallNudge', 'https://cdn-web-2.ruangguru.com/sales-nudge/6198a95130/dist/widget.js'));
wpInstallNudge('init', { targetElementId: 'wp-install-nudge', clientTarget: 'ruangguru_blog' });
</script>
<script>
// note: disabled due to auto reload page
// var lastScrollTop = 0;
// $(window).scroll(function(event){
// var st = $(this).scrollTop();
// if (st > lastScrollTop){
// $('#wp-install-nudge').slideDown( "slow", function() {});
// } else {
// $('#wp-install-nudge').slideUp( "slow", function() {});
// }
// lastScrollTop = st;
// });
// $(document).ready(function () {
// $("#wp-install-nudge").hide();
// });
$('#wp-install-nudge').click(function(){
Analytics.track("promotion__install_nudge__click",
{
user_email: "ruangguru@blog.com",
cta_link: widgetData.dataConfig.target_link
}).catch((err) => {
console.log("tracker error", err);
});
});
</script>
</footer>
<div id="__next"></div>
<script type="speculationrules">
{"prefetch":[{"source":"document","where":{"and":[{"href_matches":"\/blog\/*"},{"not":{"href_matches":["\/blog\/wp-*.php","\/blog\/wp-admin\/*","\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/*","\/blog\/wp-content\/*","\/blog\/wp-content\/plugins\/*","\/blog\/wp-content\/themes\/ruangguru\/*","\/blog\/*\\?(.+)"]}},{"not":{"selector_matches":"a[rel~=\"nofollow\"]"}},{"not":{"selector_matches":".no-prefetch, .no-prefetch a"}}]},"eagerness":"conservative"}]}
</script>
<script>
async function getCtaDetails(ctaIds) {
const endpoint =
" https://gw.ruangguru.com/api/v3/rdb/p_ddgy8hjx5dxsqx/CTA/views/CTA?offset=0&limit=10&where=(ctaId,in," + ctaIds.toString() + ")";
try {
const response = await fetch(endpoint, {
headers: {
"xc-token": "-hG2nBDJzSj0agSgNtcJx97M4F02y54nUMoY6plJ",
},
});
const data = await response.json();
const ctaList = data?.list || [];
const ctaMap = new Map();
for (const ctaData of ctaList) {
ctaMap.set(ctaData.ctaId, ctaData);
}
return ctaMap;
} catch (error) {
console.error("Error fetching CTA details:", error);
return new Map();
}
}
async function replaceCTA() {
const regex = /{{cta\((‘(.*?)’|“(.*?)”)\)}}/g;
const bodyHTML = document.body.innerHTML;
const matches = Array.from(bodyHTML.matchAll(regex));
const ctaIds = matches.map((match) => {
let ctaId = match[2] ?? match[3];
return ctaId;
});
const ctaMap = await getCtaDetails(ctaIds);
const replacedHTML = bodyHTML.replace(regex, (match, _inner, ctaId1, ctaId2) => {
const ctaId = ctaId1 ?? ctaId2;
const ctaData = ctaMap.get(ctaId);
if (ctaData) {
return `<a href="https://cta.ruangguru.com/${ctaData.ctaId}" target="_${ctaData.targetType}" style="position:relative;display:inline-block;">
<img src="${ctaData.imageUrl}" loading="lazy" alt="${ctaData.altText}" />
</a>`;
} else {
return match;
}
});
document.body.innerHTML = replacedHTML;
}
</script>
<meta name="author" content="Ruangguru Tech Team">
<!-- Google Tag Manager (noscript) -->
<noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-PVNLZFT" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript>
<!-- Tracker -->
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn-web-2.ruangguru.com/landing-page-web/public/staticpages/global-assets/js/cta.js"></script>
<script src="https://unpkg.com/@dotlottie/player-component@latest/dist/dotlottie-player.mjs" type="module"></script>
</body>
</html>