Pada artikel Biologi Kelas 10 ini, kamu akan belajar tentang replikasi virus dan mengetahui seperti apa tahapan-tahapan yang terjadi pada proses replikasi virus.
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Sejak pandemi COVID-19 terjadi, bahkan sampai sekarang nihguys, informasi seputar virus terus menjadi perbincangan hangat di berbagai kalangan. Nah, materi yang akan kita bahas kali ini pun juga tentang virus, lho! Tepatnya yaitu tentang replikasi virus. Apa sih, replikasi virus itu?
Pengertian Replikasi Virus
Replikasi virus adalah proses pembentukan dan perbanyakan komponen-komponen virus. Replikasi virus ini hanya bisa dilakukan oleh virus di dalam sel inang karena virus adalah partikel aseluler atau bukan sel.
Artinya, virus tidak punya struktur metabolisme seperti yang dimiliki sel untuk membuat komponen tubuh virus, yaitu materi genetik dan selubung protein (kapsid).
Sel inang merupakan sel hidup yang ditumpangi virus. Sel inang dapat berupa organisme uniseluler (bersel tunggal) seperti bakteri dan protozoa, maupun multiseluler (bersel banyak) seperti jamur, tumbuhan, hewan, hingga manusia.
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Secara umum virus itu punya inang yang spesifik. Contohnya yaitu bakteriofag yang hanya menginfeksi bakteri E. coli dan TMV yang hanya menginfeksi tembakau.
Namun, ada juga beberapa jenis virus yang memiliki inang bervariasi. Contohnya yaitu virus flu burung yang menginfeksi bangsa aves dan manusia. Selain itu, ada juga rabies yang menginfeksi mamalia seperti kucing, anjing, dan manusia.
Meskipun demikian, virus tumbuhan tidak akan menginfeksi hewan, atau sebaliknya. Begitu pula virus penginfeksi bakteri, tidak akan menginfeksi tumbuhan maupun hewan.
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Nah, replikasi virus yang umum dipelajari adalah pada bakteriofag yang bisa terjadi melalui siklus litik atau siklus lisogenik. Apa perbedaannya? Yuk, kita bahas satu per satu!
Siklus Litik
Siklus litik adalah cara replikasi virus yang melibatkan proses penghancuran sel inang di akhir proses replikasi, sehingga sel inang akan pecah (lisis) dan mati.
Siklus litik yang umum dipelajari adalah siklus litik pada bakteriofag T4, di mana terdiri atas lima tahap, yaitu tahap adsorpsi, tahap penetrasi, tahap sintesis, tahap perakitan, dan tahap lisis.
1. Tahap Adsorpsi
Tahap adsorpsi merupakan tahap menempelnya virus pada sel inang. Adsorpsi terjadi karena virus (dalam hal ini yaitu bakteriofag) memiliki serabut ekor yang akan menempel pada bagian reseptor spesifik sel inang. Reseptor merupakan molekul khusus pada membran sel inang yang dapat dikenali oleh virus.
2. Tahap Penetrasi
Pada tahap penetrasi, selubung ekor berkontraksi sehingga jarum penusuk di bagian ujungnya membentuk lubang yang menembus dinding sel dan membran sel bakteri. Selanjutnya, bakteriofag menginjeksikan materi genetiknya ke dalam sel bakteri.
3. Tahap Sintesis
Tahap sintesis atau eklifase merupakan tahapan pembentukan komponen virus yaitu materi genetik dan protein. Tahap ini diawali dengan pembentukan protein atau enzim yang akan menghancurkan DNA sel bakteri, serta enzim yang digunakan untuk menggandakan DNA virus. Setelah DNA virus digandakan, selanjutnya dibentuk protein-protein penyusun kapsid, rakitan ekor serta lisozim (enzim yang dibutuhkan di tahap lisis).
4. Tahap Perakitan
Pada tahap ini terjadi perakitan partikel virus baru dari komponen-komponen yang dibuat di tahap sintesis. Kapsid, materi genetik, dan bagian ekor akan dirakit menjadi partikel bakteriofag T4 utuh.
5. Tahap Lisis
Tahap ini merupakan tahap pecahnya sel inang. Bakteriofag akan menggunakan lisozim pada bagian ekornya untuk merusak dinding sel bakteri, sehingga menjadi lemah dan berlubang. Dinding sel bakteri yang lemah dan berlubang akan menyebabkan cairan dari luar sel bakteri masuk ke dalam sel, sehingga sel bakteri menggembung, pecah dan mati.
Setelah sel bakteri pecah atau lisis, partikel bakteriofag baru akan keluar dan menginfeksi sel bakteri lain untuk kembali melakukan replikasi. Biasanya, dalam satu kali siklus litik, bakteriofag T4 memerlukan waktu kurang lebih 20 sampai 30 menit, dan akan dihasilkan 100-200 partikel virus baru yang siap menginfeksi sel inang baru.
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Siklus Lisogenik
Siklus lisogenik adalah mekanisme replikasi virus melalui penyisipan materi genetik virus pada materi genetik inang. Jadi siklus lisogenik tidak melibatkan proses penghancuran/kematian sel inang.
Pada siklus ini, DNA dari virus akan bergabung dengan DNA sel bakteri membentuk profag. Kemudian saat sel bakteri yang mengandung profag membelah diri untuk bereproduksi, profag juga ikut digandakan, sehingga secara tidak langsung terjadi perbanyakan materi genetik virus.
Contoh virus yang melakukan siklus lisogenik diantaranya adalah bakteriofag lambda atau fag lambda (fag λ). Fag λ memiliki bentuk yang serupa dengan bakteriofag T4, namun serabut ekor fag λ lebih pendek.
Replikasi virus secara lisogenik terdiri atas tahap adsorpsi, tahap penetrasi, tahap integrasi, dan tahap multiplikasi sel inang.
1. Tahap Adsorpsi
Tahap adsorpsi merupakan tahap menempelnya virus pada sel inang. Adsorpsi terjadi karena virus (dalam hal ini yaitu bakteriofag) memiliki serabut ekor yang akan menempel pada bagian reseptor spesifik sel inang. Reseptor merupakan molekul khusus pada membran sel inang yang dapat dikenali oleh virus.
2. Tahap Penetrasi
Pada tahap penetrasi, selubung ekor berkontraksi sehingga jarum penusuk di bagian ujungnya membentuk lubang yang menembus dinding sel dan membran sel bakteri. Selanjutnya, bakteriofag menginjeksikan materi genetiknya ke dalam sel bakteri.
Tahap adsorpsi dan penetrasi mekanismenya sama dengan yang terjadi pada siklus litik, ya! Sedangkan untuk tahap integrasi dan multiplikasi sel inang akan dibahas pada penjelasan berikut.
3. Tahap Integrasi
Tahap integrasi disebut juga sebagai tahap penggabungan. Setelah melalui tahap penetrasi, DNA virus yang telah diinjeksikan ke dalam sel bakteri, akan diintegrasikan atau digabungkan pada bagian tertentu dari materi genetik sel bakteri sehingga terbentuk profag (prophage).
Selama dalam kondisi profag, materi genetik virus akan dipertahankan dorman atau diam serta tidak akan diterjemahkan sehingga sel inang tidak akan sadar kalau materi genetiknya telah disisipi materi genetik virus.
4. Tahap Multiplikasi Sel Inang
Selanjutnya, yaitu tahap multiplikasi sel bakteri melalui pembelahan sel. Jadi, sel bakteri akan menggandakan materi genetiknya melalui pembelahan sel. Hal ini menguntungkan bagi virus, sebab dengan proses ini materi genetik virus akan ikut tergandakan. Akibatnya, setiap sel anak yang dihasilkan dari pembelahan bakteri, juga mengandung profag, atau dengan kata lain terinfeksi juga oleh virus fag λ.
Dalam kondisi tertentu, sel inang yang mengandung profag ini dapat melemah akibat berbagai faktor. Contohnya saat sel bakteri terpapar sinar UV, maka virus fag λ akan terlepas dari materi genetik bakteri dan akan memasuki siklus litik yang menyebabkan lisis pada sel bakteri.
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Nah, itu tadi materi tentang replikasi virus beserta penjelasan tahapan-tahapan prosesnya. Sudah paham, kan? Kalau kamu butuh materi biologi lainnya, langsung aja tonton videonya di aplikasi ruangbelajar!
Referensi:
Irnaningtyas. (2016). Biologi untuk SMA/MA Kelas X Edisi Revisi 2016. Jakarta: Penerbit Erlangga.
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<h1 class="content-title">
Apa Itu Replikasi Virus dan Bagaimana Prosesnya? | Biologi Kelas 10 </h1>
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<p class="content-author"><a href="https://www.ruangguru.com/blog/author/kenya-swawikanti" class="">Kenya Swawikanti</a> </p>
<p class="content-info"><span>July 24, 2025 • </span> <span>6 minutes read</span></p>
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<p><span style="color: #000000;"><img decoding="async" style="width: 820px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; display: block;" src="https://cdn-web.ruangguru.com/landing-pages/assets/hs/virus-replikasi.jpg" alt="replikasi virus" width="820" /></span></p>
<blockquote>
<p style="text-align: center;"><em>Pada <strong><a href="https://www.ruangguru.com/blog/c/biologi/biologi-sma-kelas-10">artikel Biologi Kelas 10</a></strong> ini, kamu akan belajar tentang replikasi virus dan mengetahui seperti apa tahapan-tahapan yang terjadi pada proses replikasi virus.</em></p>
<p style="text-align: center; font-size: 16px;"><span style="color: #000000;"><em>—</em></span></p>
</blockquote>
<p> </p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Sejak pandemi COVID-19 terjadi, bahkan sampai sekarang nihguys, informasi seputar virus terus menjadi perbincangan hangat di berbagai kalangan. Nah, materi yang akan kita bahas kali ini pun juga tentang virus, lho! Tepatnya yaitu tentang replikasi virus. Apa sih, replikasi virus itu?</p>
<p> </p>
<h2><span style="font-size: 18pt;">Pengertian Replikasi Virus</span></h2>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Replikasi virus adalah proses pembentukan dan perbanyakan komponen-komponen virus</strong>. Replikasi virus ini hanya bisa dilakukan oleh virus di dalam sel inang karena virus adalah partikel aseluler atau bukan sel.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Artinya, virus tidak punya struktur metabolisme seperti yang dimiliki sel untuk membuat komponen tubuh virus, yaitu materi genetik dan selubung protein (kapsid).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Sel inang merupakan sel hidup yang ditumpangi virus. Sel inang dapat berupa organisme uniseluler (bersel tunggal) seperti bakteri dan protozoa, maupun multiseluler (bersel banyak) seperti jamur, tumbuhan, hewan, hingga manusia.</p>
<p><strong>Baca Juga: <a href="https://www.ruangguru.com/blog/virus-covid-19-varian-delta-gejala-cara-mencegah-dan-bahayanya">Mengenal Virus COVID-19 Varian Delta: Gejala, Cara Mencegah, dan Bahayanya</a></strong></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #000000;"><img decoding="async" style="width: 600px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; display: block;" src="https://cdn-web.ruangguru.com/landing-pages/assets/hs/virus-sel-inang.jpg" alt="virus dan sel inang" width="600" /></span></p>
<p> </p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Secara umum virus itu punya inang yang spesifik. Contohnya yaitu <strong>bakteriofag</strong> yang hanya menginfeksi <strong>bakteri E. coli</strong> dan <strong>TMV</strong> yang hanya menginfeksi <strong>tembakau</strong>.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Namun, ada juga beberapa jenis virus yang memiliki inang bervariasi. Contohnya yaitu <strong>virus flu burung</strong> yang menginfeksi <strong>bangsa aves dan manusia</strong>. Selain itu, ada juga <strong>rabies</strong> yang menginfeksi <strong>mamalia seperti kucing, anjing, dan manusia</strong>.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Meskipun demikian, virus tumbuhan tidak akan menginfeksi hewan, atau sebaliknya. Begitu pula virus penginfeksi bakteri, tidak akan menginfeksi tumbuhan maupun hewan.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Baca Juga: <a href="https://www.ruangguru.com/blog/kenapa-sabun-bisa-membunuh-virus">Kenapa Sabun Bisa Membunuh Virus?</a></strong></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Nah, replikasi virus yang umum dipelajari adalah pada bakteriofag yang bisa terjadi melalui siklus litik atau siklus lisogenik. Apa perbedaannya? Yuk, kita bahas satu per satu!</p>
<p> </p>
<h2><span style="font-size: 18pt;">Siklus Litik</span></h2>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Siklus litik adalah cara replikasi virus</strong> yang melibatkan <strong>proses penghancuran sel inang di akhir proses replikasi</strong>, sehingga sel inang akan pecah (lisis) dan mati.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Siklus litik yang umum dipelajari adalah siklus litik pada bakteriofag T4, di mana terdiri atas lima tahap, yaitu tahap adsorpsi, tahap penetrasi, tahap sintesis, tahap perakitan, dan tahap lisis.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #000000;"><img decoding="async" style="width: 600px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; display: block;" src="https://cdn-web.ruangguru.com/landing-pages/assets/hs/replikasi-virus-litik.jpg" alt="siklus litik" width="600" /></span></p>
<p> </p>
<h3><span style="font-size: 14pt;">1. Tahap Adsorpsi</span></h3>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Tahap adsorpsi merupakan <strong>tahap menempelnya virus pada sel inang</strong>. Adsorpsi terjadi karena virus (dalam hal ini yaitu bakteriofag) memiliki serabut ekor yang akan menempel pada bagian reseptor spesifik sel inang. Reseptor merupakan molekul khusus pada membran sel inang yang dapat dikenali oleh virus.</p>
<p> </p>
<h3 style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">2. Tahap Penetrasi</span></h3>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Pada tahap penetrasi, <strong>selubung ekor berkontraksi</strong> sehingga jarum penusuk di bagian ujungnya membentuk lubang yang menembus dinding sel dan membran sel bakteri. Selanjutnya, bakteriofag menginjeksikan materi genetiknya ke dalam sel bakteri.</p>
<p> </p>
<h3 style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">3. Tahap Sintesis</span></h3>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Tahap sintesis atau eklifase merupakan tahapan <strong>pembentukan komponen virus</strong> yaitu materi genetik dan protein. Tahap ini diawali dengan <strong>pembentukan protein atau enzim</strong> yang akan menghancurkan DNA sel bakteri, serta enzim yang digunakan untuk menggandakan DNA virus. Setelah DNA virus digandakan, selanjutnya <strong>dibentuk protein-protein penyusun kapsid</strong>, rakitan ekor serta lisozim (enzim yang dibutuhkan di tahap lisis).</p>
<p> </p>
<h3 style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">4. Tahap Perakitan</span></h3>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Pada tahap ini terjadi <strong>perakitan partikel virus baru</strong> dari komponen-komponen yang dibuat di tahap sintesis. Kapsid, materi genetik, dan bagian ekor akan dirakit menjadi partikel bakteriofag T4 utuh.</p>
<p> </p>
<h3 style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">5. Tahap Lisis</span></h3>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Tahap ini merupakan <strong>tahap pecahnya sel inang</strong>. Bakteriofag akan menggunakan lisozim pada bagian ekornya untuk merusak dinding sel bakteri, sehingga menjadi lemah dan berlubang. Dinding sel bakteri yang lemah dan berlubang akan menyebabkan cairan dari luar sel bakteri masuk ke dalam sel, sehingga sel bakteri menggembung, pecah dan mati.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Setelah sel bakteri pecah atau lisis, partikel bakteriofag baru akan keluar dan menginfeksi sel bakteri lain untuk kembali melakukan replikasi. Biasanya, dalam satu kali siklus litik, bakteriofag T4 memerlukan waktu kurang lebih 20 sampai 30 menit, dan akan dihasilkan 100-200 partikel virus baru yang siap menginfeksi sel inang baru.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Baca Juga: <a href="https://www.ruangguru.com/blog/struktur-bakteri-dan-cara-reproduksinya">Struktur Bakteri dan Cara Reproduksinya | Biologi Kelas 10</a></strong></p>
<p> </p>
<h2><span style="font-size: 18pt;">Siklus Lisogenik</span></h2>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Siklus lisogenik adalah</strong> mekanisme replikasi virus melalui <strong>penyisipan materi genetik virus pada materi genetik inang</strong>. Jadi siklus lisogenik tidak melibatkan proses penghancuran/kematian sel inang.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Pada siklus ini, DNA dari virus akan bergabung dengan DNA sel bakteri membentuk profag. Kemudian saat sel bakteri yang mengandung profag membelah diri untuk bereproduksi, profag juga ikut digandakan, sehingga secara tidak langsung terjadi perbanyakan materi genetik virus.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Contoh virus yang melakukan siklus lisogenik diantaranya adalah bakteriofag lambda atau fag lambda (fag λ). Fag λ memiliki bentuk yang serupa dengan bakteriofag T4, namun serabut ekor fag λ lebih pendek.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #000000;"><img decoding="async" style="width: 600px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; display: block;" src="https://cdn-web.ruangguru.com/landing-pages/assets/hs/replikasi-virus-lisogenik.jpg" alt="siklus lisogenik" width="600" /></span></p>
<p> </p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Replikasi virus secara lisogenik terdiri atas tahap adsorpsi, tahap penetrasi, tahap integrasi, dan tahap multiplikasi sel inang.</p>
<p> </p>
<h3 style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">1. Tahap Adsorpsi</span></h3>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Tahap adsorpsi merupakan <strong>tahap menempelnya virus pada sel inang</strong>. Adsorpsi terjadi karena virus (dalam hal ini yaitu bakteriofag) memiliki serabut ekor yang akan menempel pada bagian reseptor spesifik sel inang. Reseptor merupakan molekul khusus pada membran sel inang yang dapat dikenali oleh virus.</p>
<p> </p>
<h3 style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">2. Tahap Penetrasi</span></h3>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Pada tahap penetrasi, <strong>selubung ekor berkontraksi</strong> sehingga jarum penusuk di bagian ujungnya membentuk lubang yang menembus dinding sel dan membran sel bakteri. Selanjutnya, bakteriofag menginjeksikan materi genetiknya ke dalam sel bakteri.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Tahap adsorpsi dan penetrasi mekanismenya sama dengan yang terjadi pada siklus litik, ya! Sedangkan untuk tahap integrasi dan multiplikasi sel inang akan dibahas pada penjelasan berikut.</p>
<p> </p>
<h3 style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">3. Tahap Integrasi</span></h3>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Tahap integrasi disebut juga sebagai <strong>tahap penggabungan</strong>. Setelah melalui tahap penetrasi, DNA virus yang telah diinjeksikan ke dalam sel bakteri, akan diintegrasikan atau digabungkan pada bagian tertentu dari materi genetik sel bakteri sehingga terbentuk profag (prophage).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Selama dalam kondisi profag, materi genetik virus akan dipertahankan dorman atau diam serta tidak akan diterjemahkan sehingga sel inang tidak akan sadar kalau materi genetiknya telah disisipi materi genetik virus.</p>
<p> </p>
<h3 style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">4. Tahap Multiplikasi Sel Inang</span></h3>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Selanjutnya, yaitu <strong>tahap multiplikasi sel bakteri melalui pembelahan sel</strong>. Jadi, sel bakteri akan menggandakan materi genetiknya melalui pembelahan sel. Hal ini menguntungkan bagi virus, sebab dengan proses ini materi genetik virus akan ikut tergandakan. Akibatnya, setiap sel anak yang dihasilkan dari pembelahan bakteri, juga mengandung profag, atau dengan kata lain terinfeksi juga oleh virus fag λ.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Dalam kondisi tertentu, sel inang yang mengandung profag ini dapat melemah akibat berbagai faktor. Contohnya saat sel bakteri terpapar sinar UV, maka virus fag λ akan terlepas dari materi genetik bakteri dan akan memasuki siklus litik yang menyebabkan lisis pada sel bakteri.</p>
<p style="text-align: center;">—</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Nah, itu tadi materi tentang <strong>replikasi virus beserta penjelasan tahapan-tahapan prosesnya</strong>. Sudah paham, kan? Kalau kamu butuh materi biologi lainnya, langsung aja tonton videonya di aplikasi <strong><a href="https://www.ruangguru.com/ruangbelajar" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ruangbelajar</a></strong>!</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #000000;"><strong><a class="rg-cta" style="text-align: center; color: #000000;" href="https://www.ruangguru.com/download-for-desktop" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img decoding="async" class="aligncenter" src="https://cdn-web.ruangguru.com/landing-pages/assets/cta/f51e0d89-905d-477d-b7f8-546567f121d9.jpeg" alt="IDN CTA Blog ruangbelajar for desktop Ruangguru" /></a></strong></span></p>
<p style="text-align: left;"><strong>Referensi:</strong></p>
<p style="text-align: left;">Irnaningtyas. (2016). Biologi untuk SMA/MA Kelas X Edisi Revisi 2016. Jakarta: Penerbit Erlangga.</p>
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<picture>
<source srcset="https://cdn-web-2.ruangguru.com/static/youtube.png?height=60&convert=webp" type="image/webp">
<source srcset="https://cdn-web-2.ruangguru.com/static/youtube.png?height=60" type="image/png">
<img src="https://cdn-web-2.ruangguru.com/static/youtube.png" loading=" lazy" alt="Logo Youtube Footer" width="32px" height="32px" />
</picture>
</a>
<a target="_blank" href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/ruangguru-com">
<picture>
<source srcset="https://cdn-web-2.ruangguru.com/static/linkedin.png?height=60&convert=webp" type="image/webp">
<source srcset="https://cdn-web-2.ruangguru.com/static/linkedin.png?height=60" type="image/png">
<img src="https://cdn-web-2.ruangguru.com/static/linkedin.png" loading=" lazy" alt="Logo LinkedIn Footer" width="32px" height="32px" />
</picture>
</a>
<a target="_blank" href="https://www.tiktok.com/@ruangguru">
<picture>
<source srcset="https://cdn-web-2.ruangguru.com/static/tiktok.png?height=60&convert=webp" type="image/webp">
<source srcset="https://cdn-web-2.ruangguru.com/static/tiktok.png?height=60" type="image/png">
<img src="https://cdn-web-2.ruangguru.com/static/tiktok.png" loading=" lazy" alt="Logo TikTok Footer" width="32px" height="32px" />
</picture>
</a>
</nav>
</div>
<p class="footer-copyright">
© 2026 All Rights Reserved PT. Ruang Raya Indonesia
</p>
</div>
<style>
.bantuan-container {
position: relative;
}
.bantuan-element {
position: fixed;
z-index: 999;
display: flex;
align-items: flex-end;
justify-content: flex-end;
cursor: pointer;
transition: all 0.6s ease;
}
.bantuan-top {
bottom: 11rem;
right: 2rem;
}
.bantuan-bottom {
bottom: 2rem;
right: 2rem;
}
.bantuan-top-2 {
bottom: 15rem;
right: 2rem;
}
.bantuan-top-3 {
bottom: 19rem;
right: 2rem;
}
.bantuan-bottom-2 {
bottom: 5rem;
right: 2rem;
}
.bantuan-bottom-3 {
bottom: 8rem;
right: 2rem;
}
@media (min-width: 768px) {
.bantuan-element img {
width: auto;
transition: all 0.4s ease;
}
.bantuan-top img {
width: 140px;
}
.bantuan-bottom img {
width: 140px;
}
.bantuan-top-2 img,
.bantuan-top-3 img {
width: 140px;
}
.bantuan-bottom-2 img,
.bantuan-bottom-3 img {
width: 140px;
}
.bantuan-element.clicked {
bottom: 9rem;
right: 2.5rem;
}
.bantuan-element.clicked img {
width: auto;
height: 64px;
}
}
@media (max-width: 767px) {
.bantuan-top {
bottom: 8rem;
right: 1rem;
align-items: center;
}
.bantuan-bottom {
bottom: 2rem;
right: 1.25rem;
align-items: center;
}
.bantuan-top-2 {
bottom: 12rem;
right: 1rem;
align-items: center;
}
.bantuan-top-3 {
bottom: 16rem;
right: 1rem;
align-items: center;
}
.bantuan-bottom-2 {
bottom: 5rem;
right: 1.25rem;
align-items: center;
}
.bantuan-bottom-3 {
bottom: 8rem;
right: 1.25rem;
align-items: center;
}
.bantuan-element img {
width: auto;
}
.bantuan-top img,
.bantuan-top-2 img,
.bantuan-top-3 img {
width: 96px;
}
.bantuan-bottom img,
.bantuan-bottom-2 img,
.bantuan-bottom-3 img {
width: 96px;
}
}
.bantuan-element:hover {
transform: scale(1.05);
}
.bantuan-element img {
max-width: 100%;
height: auto;
}
</style>
<div id="bantuan-divs-container" style="position: relative" data-product="ruangguru" data-table="rg_floating_icon"></div>
<script>
class FloatingDivsComponent {
constructor(product = 'ruangguru', table = 'rg_floating_icon') {
this.container = document.getElementById('bantuan-divs-container');
this.floatingElements = [];
this.product = product;
this.table = table;
// Configuration
this.config = {
baseApiUrl: 'https://gw.ruangguru.com/api/v3/rdb/p_ddgy8hjx5dxsqx/rg_banner/views/',
apiKey: 'vLyK3dJrDBRmOwueX2OJXibMkgsUbBk0WS4ua2p1',
maxElements: 2,
zIndexBase: 100,
};
// Build dynamic API URL based on table parameter
this.config.apiUrl = this.buildApiUrl();
this.init();
}
buildApiUrl() {
const baseUrl = this.config.baseApiUrl;
const tableName = this.table || 'rg_floating_icon';
const queryParams =
'offset=0&limit=99999&sort=rankPosition&where=(type,eq,floating)~and(showIn,anyof,blog)~and(hide,is,false)~and(product,eq,' +
this.product +
')&nested%5Bcta%5D%5Bfields%5D=Id,name,ctaId,imageUrl,ctaLink,targetUrl';
return `${baseUrl}${tableName}?${queryParams}`;
}
async init() {
try {
await this.fetchFloatingElements();
this.renderFloatingElements();
} catch (error) {
console.error('Failed to initialize floating divs component:', error);
}
}
async fetchFloatingElements() {
try {
const options = {
method: 'GET',
headers: {
'xc-token': this.config.apiKey || 'vLyK3dJrDBRmOwueX2OJXibMkgsUbBk0WS4ua2p1',
},
};
const urlNoco = this.config.apiUrl;
const response = await fetch(urlNoco, options);
if (!response.ok) {
throw new Error(`HTTP error! status: ${response.status}`);
}
const data = await response.json();
this.floatingElements = this.processApiResponse(data);
} catch (error) {
console.error('Error fetching floating elements:', error);
throw error;
}
}
processApiResponse(data) {
if (!data || !data.list || !Array.isArray(data.list)) {
return [];
}
console.log(data.list);
// Ensure we only get maximum 2 elements
const limitedElements = data.list.slice(0, this.config.maxElements);
return limitedElements;
}
renderFloatingElements() {
if (!this.container || this.floatingElements.length === 0) {
return;
}
// Additional safeguard: ensure we never render more than maxElements
const elementsToRender = this.floatingElements.slice(0, this.config.maxElements);
// Clean up existing elements and their event listeners
this.cleanupExistingElements();
// Clear existing content
this.container.innerHTML = '';
elementsToRender.forEach((element, index) => {
const floatingDiv = this.createFloatingDiv(element, index);
this.container.appendChild(floatingDiv);
});
}
cleanupExistingElements() {
// Clear existing elements (no need for event listener cleanup with CSS approach)
const existingElements = this.container.querySelectorAll('[data-floating-element]');
existingElements.forEach(element => {
element.remove();
});
}
createFloatingDiv(element, index) {
const div = document.createElement('div');
const cta = element.cta[0]; // Use the first CTA
// Add data attribute for cleanup tracking
div.setAttribute('data-floating-element', 'true');
// Apply CSS classes based on rankPosition
const positionClass = this.getPositionClass(element.rankPosition, index);
div.className = `bantuan-element ${positionClass}`;
div.style.zIndex = this.config.zIndexBase + index;
// Create the link and image
const link = document.createElement('a');
link.href = 'https://cta.ruangguru.com/' + cta.ctaId || '#';
link.target = '_blank';
// Add tracking attributes
link.setAttribute('data-tracking-event-type', 'landing_page__core__item_click');
link.setAttribute(
'data-tracking-context',
JSON.stringify({
product_name: this.product,
cta_action: 'redirection',
cta_action_detail: link.href,
item_type: 'floating',
item_name: element.name || 'Floating element',
item_category: 'payment',
item_position: index,
item_serial: null,
section_type: 'floating_item',
section_position: 'body',
section_name: 'floating_item',
})
);
const img = document.createElement('img');
img.src = element.imageUrl + '?h=200&convert=webp';
img.alt = element.name || 'Floating element';
img.loading = 'lazy';
// Add click tracking
link.addEventListener('click', () => {
this.trackClick(element, cta);
});
link.appendChild(img);
div.appendChild(link);
return div;
}
getPositionClass(rankPosition, index) {
// Define positioning classes based on rankPosition
if (rankPosition === 1) {
return 'bantuan-top'; // Top position
} else if (rankPosition === 2) {
return 'bantuan-bottom'; // Bottom position
} else {
// For additional elements, distribute them evenly
return `bantuan-${index % 2 === 0 ? 'top' : 'bottom'}-${Math.floor(index / 2) + 1}`;
}
}
trackClick(element, cta) {
// Implement click tracking logic here
console.log('Floating element clicked:', {
elementId: element.Id,
elementName: cta.name,
ctaId: cta.ctaId,
targetUrl: cta.targetUrl,
});
}
// Public method to manually refresh
async refresh() {
try {
await this.fetchFloatingElements();
this.renderFloatingElements();
} catch (error) {
console.error('Failed to refresh floating elements:', error);
throw error;
}
}
// Public method to get current floating elements
getFloatingElements() {
return [...this.floatingElements];
}
}
// Initialize the component when DOM is ready
document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => {
// Get product and table parameters from data attributes
const container = document.getElementById('bantuan-divs-container');
const product = container.getAttribute('data-product') || 'ruangguru';
const table = container.getAttribute('data-table') || 'rg_floating_icon';
new FloatingDivsComponent(product, table);
});
// Export for use in other modules if needed
if (typeof module !== 'undefined' && module.exports) {
module.exports = FloatingDivsComponent;
}
</script> <div id="wp-install-nudge" style="
position: fixed;
bottom: 0rem;
right: 0;
z-index: 999;
cursor: pointer;
"></div>
<script>
(function (w, d, s, o, f, js, fjs) {
w['Sales-Nudge-Widget'] = o; w[o] = w[o] || function () { (w[o].q = w[o].q || []).push(arguments) };
js = d.createElement(s), fjs = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0];
js.id = o; js.src = f; js.async = 1; fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs);
}(window, document, 'script', 'wpInstallNudge', 'https://cdn-web-2.ruangguru.com/sales-nudge/6198a95130/dist/widget.js'));
wpInstallNudge('init', { targetElementId: 'wp-install-nudge', clientTarget: 'ruangguru_blog' });
</script>
<script>
// note: disabled due to auto reload page
// var lastScrollTop = 0;
// $(window).scroll(function(event){
// var st = $(this).scrollTop();
// if (st > lastScrollTop){
// $('#wp-install-nudge').slideDown( "slow", function() {});
// } else {
// $('#wp-install-nudge').slideUp( "slow", function() {});
// }
// lastScrollTop = st;
// });
// $(document).ready(function () {
// $("#wp-install-nudge").hide();
// });
$('#wp-install-nudge').click(function(){
Analytics.track("promotion__install_nudge__click",
{
user_email: "ruangguru@blog.com",
cta_link: widgetData.dataConfig.target_link
}).catch((err) => {
console.log("tracker error", err);
});
});
</script>
</footer>
<div id="__next"></div>
<script type="speculationrules">
{"prefetch":[{"source":"document","where":{"and":[{"href_matches":"\/blog\/*"},{"not":{"href_matches":["\/blog\/wp-*.php","\/blog\/wp-admin\/*","\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/*","\/blog\/wp-content\/*","\/blog\/wp-content\/plugins\/*","\/blog\/wp-content\/themes\/ruangguru\/*","\/blog\/*\\?(.+)"]}},{"not":{"selector_matches":"a[rel~=\"nofollow\"]"}},{"not":{"selector_matches":".no-prefetch, .no-prefetch a"}}]},"eagerness":"conservative"}]}
</script>
<script>
async function getCtaDetails(ctaIds) {
const endpoint =
" https://gw.ruangguru.com/api/v3/rdb/p_ddgy8hjx5dxsqx/CTA/views/CTA?offset=0&limit=10&where=(ctaId,in," + ctaIds.toString() + ")";
try {
const response = await fetch(endpoint, {
headers: {
"xc-token": "-hG2nBDJzSj0agSgNtcJx97M4F02y54nUMoY6plJ",
},
});
const data = await response.json();
const ctaList = data?.list || [];
const ctaMap = new Map();
for (const ctaData of ctaList) {
ctaMap.set(ctaData.ctaId, ctaData);
}
return ctaMap;
} catch (error) {
console.error("Error fetching CTA details:", error);
return new Map();
}
}
async function replaceCTA() {
const regex = /{{cta\((‘(.*?)’|“(.*?)”)\)}}/g;
const bodyHTML = document.body.innerHTML;
const matches = Array.from(bodyHTML.matchAll(regex));
const ctaIds = matches.map((match) => {
let ctaId = match[2] ?? match[3];
return ctaId;
});
const ctaMap = await getCtaDetails(ctaIds);
const replacedHTML = bodyHTML.replace(regex, (match, _inner, ctaId1, ctaId2) => {
const ctaId = ctaId1 ?? ctaId2;
const ctaData = ctaMap.get(ctaId);
if (ctaData) {
return `<a href="https://cta.ruangguru.com/${ctaData.ctaId}" target="_${ctaData.targetType}" style="position:relative;display:inline-block;">
<img src="${ctaData.imageUrl}" loading="lazy" alt="${ctaData.altText}" />
</a>`;
} else {
return match;
}
});
document.body.innerHTML = replacedHTML;
}
</script>
<meta name="author" content="Ruangguru Tech Team">
<!-- Google Tag Manager (noscript) -->
<noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-PVNLZFT" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript>
<!-- Tracker -->
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn-web-2.ruangguru.com/landing-page-web/public/staticpages/global-assets/js/cta.js"></script>
<script src="https://unpkg.com/@dotlottie/player-component@latest/dist/dotlottie-player.mjs" type="module"></script>
</body>
</html>