Let’s take a little break from form elements and create a transformer icon.
A hamburger icon is a glyph that will be familiar to anyone who has used mobile apps and websites. It is used to denote a menu. Usually, when the user clicks on it, a menu appears or the current screen display changes. If we want to return to the previous display, we need to click on the icon again.
We can use transforms and transitions to make this icon interactive: we want its appearance to suggest to the user that they can return to the previous display by clicking on it again.
So, let’s get started! Let’s use the .menu-icon span::before and .menu-icon span::after pseudo-elements to create a hamburger icon.
CSS transforms are used in this and the following examples, which are covered in detail in the “2D transforms” chapter.
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The transition-duration property</a></li><li class="main-nav__course-contents-item"><a href="/courses/dynamic/smooth-transitions/transition-duration-2">2. Transition duration, step 2</a></li><li class="main-nav__course-contents-item"><a href="/courses/dynamic/smooth-transitions/transition-property">3. The transition-property: which properties can be changed smoothly?</a></li><li class="main-nav__course-contents-item"><a href="/courses/dynamic/smooth-transitions/transition-delay">4. The transition-delay property</a></li><li class="main-nav__course-contents-item"><a href="/courses/dynamic/smooth-transitions/transition-timing-function">5. The “form” of the transition, transition-timing-function</a></li><li class="main-nav__course-contents-item"><a href="/courses/dynamic/smooth-transitions/transition-timing-function-2">6. transition-timing-function, step 2</a></li><li class="main-nav__course-contents-item"><a href="/courses/dynamic/smooth-transitions/transition-timing-function-3">7. transition-timing-function, step 3</a></li><li class="main-nav__course-contents-item"><a href="/courses/dynamic/smooth-transitions/transition-timing-function-4">8. transition-timing-function, step 4</a></li><li class="main-nav__course-contents-item"><a href="/courses/dynamic/smooth-transitions/paper-buttons">9. Paper buttons, step 1</a></li><li class="main-nav__course-contents-item"><a href="/courses/dynamic/smooth-transitions/paper-buttons-2">10. Paper buttons, step 2</a></li><li class="main-nav__course-contents-item"><a href="/courses/dynamic/smooth-transitions/paper-buttons-3">11. Paper buttons, step 3</a></li><li class="main-nav__course-contents-item"><a href="/courses/dynamic/smooth-transitions/checkboxes">12. Checkboxes, step 1</a></li><li class="main-nav__course-contents-item"><a href="/courses/dynamic/smooth-transitions/checkboxes-2">13. Checkboxes, step 2</a></li><li class="main-nav__course-contents-item"><a href="/courses/dynamic/smooth-transitions/checkboxes-3">14. Checkboxes, step 3</a></li><li class="main-nav__course-contents-item"><a href="/courses/dynamic/smooth-transitions/radio-button">15. Radio buttons, step 1</a></li><li class="main-nav__course-contents-item"><a href="/courses/dynamic/smooth-transitions/radio-button-2">16. Radio buttons, step 2</a></li><li class="main-nav__course-contents-item"><a href="/courses/dynamic/smooth-transitions/radio-button-3">17. Radio buttons, step 3</a></li><li class="main-nav__course-contents-item"><a href="/courses/dynamic/smooth-transitions/toggle-switches">18. Toggle switches, step 1</a></li><li class="main-nav__course-contents-item"><a href="/courses/dynamic/smooth-transitions/toggle-switches-2">19. Toggle switches, step 2</a></li><li class="main-nav__course-contents-item"><a href="/courses/dynamic/smooth-transitions/toggle-switches-3">20. Toggle switches, step 3</a></li><li class="main-nav__course-contents-item"><a href="/courses/dynamic/smooth-transitions/toggle-switches-4">21. Toggle switches, step 4</a></li><li class="main-nav__course-contents-item main-nav__course-contents-item--current"><a href="/courses/dynamic/smooth-transitions/transformer-icon">22. The transformer icon, step 1</a></li><li class="main-nav__course-contents-item"><a href="/courses/dynamic/smooth-transitions/transformer-icon-2">23. The transformer icon, step 2</a></li><li class="main-nav__course-contents-item"><a href="/courses/dynamic/smooth-transitions/transformer-icon-3">24. The transformer icon, step 3</a></li><li class="main-nav__course-contents-item"><a href="/courses/dynamic/smooth-transitions/transformer-icon-4">25. The transformer icon, step 4</a></li><li class="main-nav__course-contents-item"><a href="/courses/dynamic/smooth-transitions/text-input-field">26. Text input field, step 1</a></li><li class="main-nav__course-contents-item"><a href="/courses/dynamic/smooth-transitions/text-input-field-2">27. Text input field, step 2</a></li><li class="main-nav__course-contents-item"><a href="/courses/dynamic/smooth-transitions/text-input-field-3">28. Text input field, step 3</a></li><li class="main-nav__course-contents-item"><a href="/courses/dynamic/smooth-transitions/text-input-field-4">29. Text input field, step 4</a></li></ul></div></div><a class="main-nav__course-item main-nav__course-button main-nav__course-button--next" href="/courses/dynamic/smooth-transitions/transformer-icon-2">The transformer icon, step 2</a></div><ul class="main-nav__list main-nav__list--user main-nav__list--user-guest"><li class="main-nav__item" itemprop="name"><a class="main-nav__link" href="/signup?redirect_url=%2Fcourses%2Fdynamic%2Fsmooth-transitions%2Ftransformer-icon" title="Sign up" data-modal="open" data-value="register" itemprop="url"><span class="main-nav__icon" aria-hidden="true"><svg aria-hidden="true"><use xlink:href="/img/sprites/general.svg#user"></use></svg></span>Sign up</a></li><li class="main-nav__item main-nav__item--login" itemprop="name"><a class="main-nav__link" href="/login?redirect_url=%2Fcourses%2Fdynamic%2Fsmooth-transitions%2Ftransformer-icon" title="Log in" data-modal="open" data-value="login" itemprop="url"><span class="main-nav__icon" aria-hidden="true"><svg 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fill="#EFA75B"/><path d="M31.963 50.968c-.197-.004-.358-.157-.372-.353-.018-.207.158-.378.364-.354 3.245-.26 3.505-2.156 3.608-2.25-.006-.19.183-.325.362-.26.193.01.35.16.363.354 0 .084 0 1.906 3.422 2 .192.008.348.16.362.353-.018.19-.172.34-.363.353-1.352.11-2.68-.4-3.61-1.386-.095-.096-.16-.22-.185-.353-.982 1.174-2.423 1.866-3.952 1.898z" fill="#151841"/><path d="M32.14 43.427c.186-.52 3.608.083 3.608.083s2.975-.688 3.422.084c-.05.288-.175.557-.363.78-.515-.056-1.037.004-1.525.178-.333.61-.488 1.304-.446 2-.222.394-.574.7-.995.864-.398-.112-.75-.354-.994-.688.047-.75-.146-1.496-.55-2.13-.27-.26-1.264.084-1.626-.083l-.53-1.088zm6.89.242c-.05.286-.175.556-.363.78-.503-.063-1.015-.012-1.497.148-.333.612-.487 1.305-.446 2-.222.394-.574.7-.995.864-.4-.112-.75-.354-.996-.688.053-.76-.14-1.515-.55-2.157-.268-.26-1.263.084-1.626-.084-.26-.23-.45-.53-.55-.864" fill="#CF4A27"/><path d="M35.748 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2.334.725-.13.837-1.46.93-2.13h.112c.937.492 1.647 1.33 1.98 2.334-.388.176-.793.31-1.21.4zm18.365-2.864c-1.104-.145-2.215-.232-3.33-.26-.546-.01-1.093.05-1.626.176-1.166.483-2.08 1.425-2.53 2.604l-.158.79 1.795.623c.558.153 1.132.24 1.71.26h.28c3.245-.177 4.137-3.72 4.137-3.72l.084-.353zm-1.264 1.86c-.54 1.394-2.882 1.646-2.966 1.646-.517-.02-1.03-.11-1.525-.26-.186-.085-.633-.26-1.08-.43.374-.966 1.117-1.746 2.065-2.165 0 .68.158 1.953.81 2.083.65.13.613-1.535.566-2.26.934.005 1.865.064 2.79.177-.11.316-.473.65-.66 1.17z" fill="#151841"/><path d="M19.26 39.27c.535 1.362 1.56 2.473 2.874 3.115.534.312 1.204-.07 1.207-.69.002-.285-.15-.55-.397-.695-.918-.46-1.65-1.222-2.073-2.158-.344-.957-1.972-.52-1.61.428zm29.45 3.125c1.083-.59 2.01-1.428 2.706-2.446.3-.556-.112-1.228-.743-1.21-.293.007-.56.17-.698.428-.568.776-1.306 1.412-2.158 1.86-.394.23-.517.742-.27 1.125.263.376.773.482 1.163.242z" fill="#EFA75B" stroke-width="13"/><path d="M16.025 32.436c1.525-1.386 2.427-4.408 2.79-6.835-.084.354 2.613.43 4.138-1.208 1.078-1.125.446-2-.186-3.375-1.71-3.552-4.585-6.323-7.384-8.918-.716-.69-1.44-2.428-2.706-2-.995.353-.93 3.2-.716 4.073 1.09 7.448 4.065 18.263 4.065 18.263zm37.372-.78c-1.704-1.826-2.822-4.12-3.208-6.585 0 .354-2.614.354-4.056-1.29-.995-1.127-.362-1.86.363-3.117 1.86-3.198 4.863-5.718 7.746-8.136.81-.604 1.627-1.47 2.79-.93.994.428.715 2.334.548 3.115-1.083 5.72-2.48 11.376-4.183 16.943z" fill="#FFF"/><path d="M53.564 20.422c-1.98.51-4.138 1.636-5.105 3.487-.43-2.196 1.645-4.65 3.393-5.832.333-.21.312-.703-.037-.886-.162-.085-.357-.076-.512.022-2.157 1.562-4.417 4.5-3.784 7.188.076.262.354.41.614.325l-.075.28c-.085.603.93.864.994.26.446-2.158 2.706-3.376 4.77-3.897.372-.076.522-.526.27-.81-.133-.15-.342-.204-.53-.138zM17.457 18.06c-.55-.354-.995.428-.55.865 1.433 1.004 3.182 3.05 3.395 4.956-.93-1.86-3.05-2.975-5.105-3.486-.386-.005-.633.41-.445.747.042.076.103.14.176.184 2.073.52 4.324 1.73 4.77 3.896.106.328.5.46.78.26.273.192.653.06.745-.26.735-2.66-1.6-5.728-3.766-7.16z" fill="#F1662A"/></svg></span><p class="course-loading-overlay__message"><b class="course-loading-overlay__message-title">Loading…</b><br><span class="course-loading-overlay__message-text">Everything will be ready in few seconds</span></p></div></div><div class="course-layout__sidebar course-theory"><div class="course-theory__inner course-theory__inner--left-stub"><button class="course-theory__close icon-close icon-close--light" type="button">Close</button><ul class="course-tabs course-tabs--non-interactive course-layout__theory-heading js--theory-tabs"><li class="course-tabs__item course-tabs__item--external course-tab course-tab--centered"><span class="course-tab__icon"><svg aria-hidden="true"><use xlink:href="/img/sprites/courses.svg#icon-theory"></use></svg></span><span class="course-tab__title">Theory</span></li><li class="course-tabs__item course-tabs__item--internal course-tab course-tab--centered course-tab--active js--theory-tab__theory"><span class="course-tab__icon"><svg aria-hidden="true"><use xlink:href="/img/sprites/courses.svg#icon-theory"></use></svg></span><span class="course-tab__title">Theory</span></li><li class="course-tabs__item course-tabs__item--internal course-tab course-tab--centered js--theory-tab__comments"><span class="course-tab__icon"><svg aria-hidden="true" style="width: 16px; height: 16px; fill: #2e2c9c;"><use xlink:href="/img/sprites/up.svg#comment"></use></svg></span><span class="course-tab__title">Comments</span></li></ul><section class="course-theory__content"><div class="js--theory-pane__theory course-theory__content-inner"><h1 class="course-theory__content-heading">The transformer icon, step 1</h1><div class="course-theory__content-text"><p>Let’s take a little break from form elements and create a transformer icon.</p><p>A hamburger icon is a glyph that will be familiar to anyone who has used mobile apps and websites. It is used to denote a menu. Usually, when the user clicks on it, a menu appears or the current screen display changes. If we want to return to the previous display, we need to click on the icon again.</p><p>We can use transforms and transitions to make this icon interactive: we want its appearance to suggest to the user that they can return to the previous display by clicking on it again.</p><p>So, let’s get started! Let’s use the <code>.menu-icon span::before</code> and <code>.menu-icon span::after</code> pseudo-elements to create a hamburger icon.</p><p class="info info--gray">CSS transforms are used in this and the following examples, which are covered in detail in the <a href="/courses/dynamic/2d-transforms">“2D transforms” chapter</a>.</p></div></div><div class="js--theory-pane__comments hidden course-theory__content-inner"><div class="course-theory__content-text"><h2 class="course-theory__content-heading">Comments</h2><div id="disqus_thread"></div><script>
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<html lang="en">
<head>
<title>The transformer icon, step 1</title>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="material.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="style.css">
</head>
<body class="blue-theme">
<section class="card card-bordered">
<div class="menu-icon">
<span></span>
</div>
</section>
</body>
</html></div></div><div class="js--editor course-editor course-layout__editor course-editor--hidden" id="" data-tab="css" data-split=""><span class="course-editor__label"><span class="course-editor__label-item">CSS</span><button class="course-editor__label-item course-editor__label-item--interactive hidden js--editor__unsplit-button course-editor__label-item--simple" title="No split" type="button"><svg width="7" height="10" viewBox="0 0 7 10" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g stroke="currentColor" fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd"><path stroke-linecap="round" d="M.6 3.503L3.443.518l2.842 2.985"></path><path d="M3.5 1.5v7.16" stroke-linecap="square"></path></g></svg></button></span><div class="course-editor__item" id="css-editor">.menu-icon span {
display: block;
width: 100%;
}
.menu-icon span::before,
.menu-icon span::after {
display: block;
width: 100%;
content: "";
}
.menu-icon span::before {
}
.menu-icon span::after {
}
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</p></div></div><div class="course-browser__menu course-browser__menu--vertical"><button class="course-browser__menu-item course-browser__menu-button course-browser__menu-button--increase" type="button" disabled title="Larger"><span class="course-browser__menu-item-inner">Larger</span></button><span class="course-browser__menu-item course-browser__zoom"><span class="course-browser__menu-item-inner">100%</span></span><button class="course-browser__menu-item course-browser__menu-button course-browser__menu-button--decrease" type="button" title="Smaller"><span class="course-browser__menu-item-inner">Smaller</span></button></div><div class="js--validation-view course-browser__results-restriction course-browser__results-restriction--mini"><span class="tooltip tooltip--light tooltip--short course-browser__results-restriction-tooltip"><span class="js--tooltip-text"></span><button class="js--validation-view-close course-browser__results-restriction-tooltip-close icon-close" type="button">Закрыть</button></span></div></div><div class="course-goals js--goals"><div class="course-goals__heading"><span class="course-goals__heading-title"><span class="course-goals__count-label">Goals</span><span class="course-goals__count">completed</span></span><div class="js--annotations course-task-stats course-task-stats--disabled course-task-stats--centered "><span class="course-task-stats__indicator"><svg width="12" height="12" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M15 8C15 11.866 11.866 15 8 15C4.13403 15 1 11.866 1 8C1 4.13403 4.13403 1 8 1C11.866 1 15 4.13403 15 8ZM16 8C16 12.4183 12.4183 16 8 16C3.58173 16 0 12.4183 0 8C0 3.58173 3.58173 0 8 0C12.4183 0 16 3.58173 16 8ZM6.7287 3.88849C6.6958 3.59229 6.92761 3.33325 7.22565 3.33325H8.77502C9.07306 3.33325 9.30487 3.59229 9.27197 3.88849L8.71643 8.88849C8.68829 9.14166 8.47424 9.33325 8.21948 9.33325H7.78119C7.52643 9.33325 7.31238 9.14166 7.28424 8.88849L6.7287 3.88849ZM9.33368 12.0001C9.33368 12.7365 8.73669 13.3334 8.00031 13.3334C7.26392 13.3334 6.66699 12.7365 6.66699 12.0001C6.66699 11.2637 7.26392 10.6667 8.00031 10.6667C8.73669 10.6667 9.33368 11.2637 9.33368 12.0001Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><span class="js--annotations-counter course-task-stats__counter">0</span></span><div class="course-task-stats__scroller-wrapper"><div class="course-task-stats__scroller"><ul class="js--annotations-list course-task-stats__list"></ul></div></div></div><button class="course-goals__button course-goals__button--expand js--goals__expand" type="button"><svg aria-hidden="true"><use xlink:href="/img/sprites/courses.svg#icon-collapse"></use></svg></button><a class="course-goals__button course-goals__button--next button button--green button--without-border hidden" href="/courses/dynamic/smooth-transitions/transformer-icon-2" title="The transformer icon, step 2"><svg aria-hidden="true"><use xlink:href="/img/sprites/courses.svg#arrow-white--mini"></use></svg></a></div><div class="course-goals__content"><ol class="course-goals__list"><li class="course-goals__list-item">Assign a height of <code>12px</code> and a background color of <code style="color: #40d47e;">#40d47e</code> for <code>.menu-icon span</code><span class="mark">.</span></li><li class="course-goals__list-item">Then set the same height and background color for <code>span::before</code> and <code>span::after</code><span class="mark">.</span></li><li class="course-goals__list-item">Then assign the <code>translate(0, -24px)</code> transform only to <code>span::before</code><span class="mark">,</span></li><li class="course-goals__list-item">and then assign the <code>translate(0, 12px)</code> transform to <code>span::after</code><span class="mark">.</span></li></ol></div></div></div></div></article></div><div class="course-interface__overlay course-interface__overlay--active"></div></main><script
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