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<h1 class="visually-hidden">The CandyShop Ice Cream Parlor</h1>
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<p class="card__text">We make ice cream from the freshest cream!</p>
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</script><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://assets.htmlacademy.org/css/core.v284.css"><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://assets.htmlacademy.org/css/profile.v236.css"><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://assets.htmlacademy.org/css/course.v246.css"><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://assets.htmlacademy.org/css/course-interface-light.v20.css"><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://assets.htmlacademy.org/css/course-interface-en.v2.css"><script src="https://assets.htmlacademy.org/js/sentry.js" data-sentry="3774884cc81746ed84c0ba7c5cd4ac7b" data-project="26" data-version="2"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/custom.css"><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/cookies.css"><link rel="preload" as="script" href="https://assets.htmlacademy.org/js/general.v274.js"><title>Default actions — Getting to know events — HTML Academy</title><meta name="csrf-token" content="55964caf322823086fca37a7326b9bd2a54"><meta property="og:type" content="website"><meta property="og:site_name" content="HTML Academy"><meta name="twitter:url" property="og:url" content="https://htmlacademy.org"><meta name="twitter:title" property="og:title" content="Interactive online courses HTML Academy"><meta name="twitter:description" property="og:description" content="Together we’ll learn how to work with real code, solve true-to-life problems, use cutting edge technologies. 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Introduction to events</a></li><li class="main-nav__course-contents-item"><a href="/courses/javascript-browser/events/add-handler">2. How to add a handler</a></li><li class="main-nav__course-contents-item"><a href="/courses/javascript-browser/events/arrange-events">3. How events are arranged</a></li><li class="main-nav__course-contents-item main-nav__course-contents-item--current"><a href="/courses/javascript-browser/events/default-actions">4. Default actions</a></li><li class="main-nav__course-contents-item"><a href="/courses/javascript-browser/events/events">5. Please pass the function</a></li><li class="main-nav__course-contents-item"><a href="/courses/javascript-browser/events/hide-popup">6. Hiding the popup</a></li><li class="main-nav__course-contents-item"><a href="/courses/javascript-browser/events/press-key">7. Pressing a key</a></li><li class="main-nav__course-contents-item"><a href="/courses/javascript-browser/events/choose-key">8. Choosing a key</a></li><li class="main-nav__course-contents-item"><a href="/courses/javascript-browser/events/one-click">9. With one click</a></li><li class="main-nav__course-contents-item"><a href="/courses/javascript-browser/events/summary-1">10. Summary of “Events in JavaScript”, part 1</a></li><li class="main-nav__course-contents-item"><a href="/courses/javascript-browser/events/first-program">11. First program: “Don’t be shy”</a></li><li class="main-nav__course-contents-item"><a href="/courses/javascript-browser/events/photo-gallery">12. Welcome to our photo gallery</a></li><li class="main-nav__course-contents-item"><a href="/courses/javascript-browser/events/click-em-all">13. Click ’em all!</a></li><li class="main-nav__course-contents-item"><a href="/courses/javascript-browser/events/add-image">14. Adding an image</a></li><li class="main-nav__course-contents-item"><a href="/courses/javascript-browser/events/bug">15. A bug has crept into the system</a></li><li class="main-nav__course-contents-item"><a href="/courses/javascript-browser/events/scope">16. Scope</a></li><li class="main-nav__course-contents-item"><a href="/courses/javascript-browser/events/global-scope">17. Global scope</a></li><li class="main-nav__course-contents-item"><a href="/courses/javascript-browser/events/insideout-variables">18. Inside out variables</a></li><li class="main-nav__course-contents-item"><a href="/courses/javascript-browser/events/independent-variable">19. Becoming Independent</a></li><li class="main-nav__course-contents-item"><a href="/courses/javascript-browser/events/closure">20. Closures</a></li><li class="main-nav__course-contents-item"><a href="/courses/javascript-browser/events/school-prepare">21. Let’s prepare for school</a></li><li class="main-nav__course-contents-item"><a href="/courses/javascript-browser/events/fix-gallery">22. Fixing the gallery</a></li><li class="main-nav__course-contents-item"><a href="/courses/javascript-browser/events/heart-matter">23. Getting to the heart of the matter</a></li><li class="main-nav__course-contents-item"><a href="/courses/javascript-browser/events/summary-2">24. Summary of “Events in JavaScript”, part 2</a></li><li class="main-nav__course-contents-item"><a href="/courses/javascript-browser/events/second-program">25. The Second Program: “Señor Tomato”</a></li></ul></div></div><a class="main-nav__course-item main-nav__course-button main-nav__course-button--next" href="/courses/javascript-browser/events/events">Please pass the function</a></div><ul class="main-nav__list main-nav__list--user main-nav__list--user-guest"><li class="main-nav__item" itemprop="name"><a class="main-nav__link" href="/signup?redirect_url=%2Fcourses%2Fjavascript-browser%2Fevents%2Fdefault-actions" title="Sign up" data-modal="open" data-value="register" itemprop="url"><span class="main-nav__icon" aria-hidden="true"><svg aria-hidden="true"><use xlink:href="/img/sprites/general.svg#user"></use></svg></span>Sign up</a></li><li class="main-nav__item main-nav__item--login" itemprop="name"><a class="main-nav__link" href="/login?redirect_url=%2Fcourses%2Fjavascript-browser%2Fevents%2Fdefault-actions" title="Log in" data-modal="open" data-value="login" itemprop="url"><span class="main-nav__icon" aria-hidden="true"><svg 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fill="#EFA75B"/><path d="M31.963 50.968c-.197-.004-.358-.157-.372-.353-.018-.207.158-.378.364-.354 3.245-.26 3.505-2.156 3.608-2.25-.006-.19.183-.325.362-.26.193.01.35.16.363.354 0 .084 0 1.906 3.422 2 .192.008.348.16.362.353-.018.19-.172.34-.363.353-1.352.11-2.68-.4-3.61-1.386-.095-.096-.16-.22-.185-.353-.982 1.174-2.423 1.866-3.952 1.898z" fill="#151841"/><path d="M32.14 43.427c.186-.52 3.608.083 3.608.083s2.975-.688 3.422.084c-.05.288-.175.557-.363.78-.515-.056-1.037.004-1.525.178-.333.61-.488 1.304-.446 2-.222.394-.574.7-.995.864-.398-.112-.75-.354-.994-.688.047-.75-.146-1.496-.55-2.13-.27-.26-1.264.084-1.626-.083l-.53-1.088zm6.89.242c-.05.286-.175.556-.363.78-.503-.063-1.015-.012-1.497.148-.333.612-.487 1.305-.446 2-.222.394-.574.7-.995.864-.4-.112-.75-.354-.996-.688.053-.76-.14-1.515-.55-2.157-.268-.26-1.263.084-1.626-.084-.26-.23-.45-.53-.55-.864" fill="#CF4A27"/><path d="M35.748 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2.334.725-.13.837-1.46.93-2.13h.112c.937.492 1.647 1.33 1.98 2.334-.388.176-.793.31-1.21.4zm18.365-2.864c-1.104-.145-2.215-.232-3.33-.26-.546-.01-1.093.05-1.626.176-1.166.483-2.08 1.425-2.53 2.604l-.158.79 1.795.623c.558.153 1.132.24 1.71.26h.28c3.245-.177 4.137-3.72 4.137-3.72l.084-.353zm-1.264 1.86c-.54 1.394-2.882 1.646-2.966 1.646-.517-.02-1.03-.11-1.525-.26-.186-.085-.633-.26-1.08-.43.374-.966 1.117-1.746 2.065-2.165 0 .68.158 1.953.81 2.083.65.13.613-1.535.566-2.26.934.005 1.865.064 2.79.177-.11.316-.473.65-.66 1.17z" fill="#151841"/><path d="M19.26 39.27c.535 1.362 1.56 2.473 2.874 3.115.534.312 1.204-.07 1.207-.69.002-.285-.15-.55-.397-.695-.918-.46-1.65-1.222-2.073-2.158-.344-.957-1.972-.52-1.61.428zm29.45 3.125c1.083-.59 2.01-1.428 2.706-2.446.3-.556-.112-1.228-.743-1.21-.293.007-.56.17-.698.428-.568.776-1.306 1.412-2.158 1.86-.394.23-.517.742-.27 1.125.263.376.773.482 1.163.242z" fill="#EFA75B" stroke-width="13"/><path d="M16.025 32.436c1.525-1.386 2.427-4.408 2.79-6.835-.084.354 2.613.43 4.138-1.208 1.078-1.125.446-2-.186-3.375-1.71-3.552-4.585-6.323-7.384-8.918-.716-.69-1.44-2.428-2.706-2-.995.353-.93 3.2-.716 4.073 1.09 7.448 4.065 18.263 4.065 18.263zm37.372-.78c-1.704-1.826-2.822-4.12-3.208-6.585 0 .354-2.614.354-4.056-1.29-.995-1.127-.362-1.86.363-3.117 1.86-3.198 4.863-5.718 7.746-8.136.81-.604 1.627-1.47 2.79-.93.994.428.715 2.334.548 3.115-1.083 5.72-2.48 11.376-4.183 16.943z" fill="#FFF"/><path d="M53.564 20.422c-1.98.51-4.138 1.636-5.105 3.487-.43-2.196 1.645-4.65 3.393-5.832.333-.21.312-.703-.037-.886-.162-.085-.357-.076-.512.022-2.157 1.562-4.417 4.5-3.784 7.188.076.262.354.41.614.325l-.075.28c-.085.603.93.864.994.26.446-2.158 2.706-3.376 4.77-3.897.372-.076.522-.526.27-.81-.133-.15-.342-.204-.53-.138zM17.457 18.06c-.55-.354-.995.428-.55.865 1.433 1.004 3.182 3.05 3.395 4.956-.93-1.86-3.05-2.975-5.105-3.486-.386-.005-.633.41-.445.747.042.076.103.14.176.184 2.073.52 4.324 1.73 4.77 3.896.106.328.5.46.78.26.273.192.653.06.745-.26.735-2.66-1.6-5.728-3.766-7.16z" fill="#F1662A"/></svg></span><p class="course-loading-overlay__message"><b class="course-loading-overlay__message-title">Loading…</b><br><span class="course-loading-overlay__message-text">Everything will be ready in few seconds</span></p></div></div><div class="course-layout__sidebar course-theory"><div class="course-theory__inner course-theory__inner--left-stub"><button class="course-theory__close icon-close icon-close--light" type="button">Close</button><ul class="course-tabs course-tabs--non-interactive course-layout__theory-heading js--theory-tabs"><li class="course-tabs__item course-tabs__item--external course-tab course-tab--centered"><span class="course-tab__icon"><svg aria-hidden="true"><use xlink:href="/img/sprites/courses.svg#icon-theory"></use></svg></span><span class="course-tab__title">Theory</span></li><li class="course-tabs__item course-tabs__item--internal course-tab course-tab--centered course-tab--active js--theory-tab__theory"><span class="course-tab__icon"><svg aria-hidden="true"><use xlink:href="/img/sprites/courses.svg#icon-theory"></use></svg></span><span class="course-tab__title">Theory</span></li><li class="course-tabs__item course-tabs__item--internal course-tab course-tab--centered js--theory-tab__comments"><span class="course-tab__icon"><svg aria-hidden="true" style="width: 16px; height: 16px; fill: #2e2c9c;"><use xlink:href="/img/sprites/up.svg#comment"></use></svg></span><span class="course-tab__title">Comments</span></li></ul><section class="course-theory__content"><div class="js--theory-pane__theory course-theory__content-inner"><h1 class="course-theory__content-heading">Default actions</h1><div class="course-theory__content-text"><p>The click handler was triggered, the message was displayed, but at the same time the link led to another page.</p><p>The button has been coded as a link (using the <code><a></code> tag) and not as a button (using the <code><button></code> tag) in case the scripts are not able to execute for the user. This is not something that is common, but our web designer want to take account of such a scenario. We cannot change the layout. Our assignment is just to program the logic. This is something that you will commonly encounter in practice: web designers ofter receive a prepared layout, and they are instructed to solve certain problems without changing the layout.</p><p>So what should you do?</p><p>Certain page elements have <i>default actions</i>. They are also called <i>default actions</i>. For example, when you click on the submit button of a form, the data entered in this form will be sent to the server, and when you click on a link, the browser will take you to that link. This is exactly what is happening in our case!</p><p>Default actions can be canceled, if necessary, and this is what we will do. The <code>event</code> object will help us do this.</p><p>The <code>event</code> object is a parameter of the handler function. It is always passed by the browser to this function <b>at the time the event occurs</b>. This object contains many useful properties and methods, including in particular a method that cancels the action by default: <code>preventDefault()</code>.</p><p>In order to use the properties and methods of the <code>event</code> object, all that we need to do is specify this object using the parameter of the handler function and write instructions. JavaScript will do the rest. Among some developers, it is customary to refer to the parameter using its abbreviation: <code>evt</code>. This allows us to avoid certain mistakes that we will cover in more detail in future courses. We will also call the handler parameter <code>evt</code>. The event object will be passed to the function as soon as this event happens.</p><pre><code>link.addEventListener('click', function(<mark>evt</mark>) {
// We cancel the action by default.
<mark>evt.preventDefault();</mark>
// We add instructions for the click event.
console.log('A click occurred');
});
</code></pre><p>In the example, we canceled the action by default, and when you click on the link, you will not be taken to the destination. Instead, when you click, the following message appears in the console: <code class="nowrap">A click has occurred</code>.</p><p>We will cancel the default action for the <code class="nowrap">"Show contacts"</code> link in our project. Make sure that the browser does not take you to the target link. At the same time, make sure not to break the behavior that the web designer implemented: If the user has scripts enabled, a pop-up will appear on the page, and if scripts are disabled, the user will be taken to a page that has been prepared in advance for this case when clicking on the link.</p></div></div><div class="js--theory-pane__comments hidden course-theory__content-inner"><div class="course-theory__content-text"><h2 class="course-theory__content-heading">Comments</h2><div id="disqus_thread"></div><script>
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</script><noscript>Please enable JavaScript to view the <a href="https://disqus.com/?ref_noscript">comments powered by Disqus.</a></noscript></div></div></section><div class="course-theory__controls"><button class="button button--close" type="button">To the task</button></div></div></div><div class="course-layout__column course-layout__column--left"><ul class="js--course-tabs course-tabs course-layout__course-tabs"><li class="js--editor-tab course-tabs__item course-tab course-tabs__item--limited course-tabs__item--limited-large course-tab--active" data-editor="html"><span class="course-tab__title course-tab__title--indent"><span class="course-tab__title-part course-tab__title-part--active">index.html</span></span><button class="js--editor-split course-tab__button course-tab__button--split" type="button"><svg aria-hidden="true"><use xlink:href="/img/sprites/courses.svg#icon-split"></use></svg><span class="tooltip tooltip--light tooltip--to-top tooltip--with-wrap tooltip--short course-tab__tooltip"><span class="tooltip__wrap">Split mode</span></span></button></li><li class="js--editor-tab course-tabs__item course-tab course-tabs__item--limited course-tabs__item--limited-large" data-editor="css"><span class="course-tab__title course-tab__title--indent"><span class="course-tab__title-part course-tab__title-part--active">style.css</span></span><button class="js--editor-split course-tab__button course-tab__button--split" type="button"><svg aria-hidden="true"><use xlink:href="/img/sprites/courses.svg#icon-split"></use></svg><span class="tooltip tooltip--light tooltip--to-top tooltip--with-wrap tooltip--short course-tab__tooltip"><span class="tooltip__wrap">Split mode</span></span></button></li><li class="js--editor-tab course-tabs__item course-tab course-tabs__item--limited course-tabs__item--limited-large" data-editor="js"><span class="course-tab__title course-tab__title--indent"><span class="course-tab__title-part course-tab__title-part--active">script.js</span></span><button class="js--editor-split course-tab__button course-tab__button--split" type="button"><svg aria-hidden="true"><use xlink:href="/img/sprites/courses.svg#icon-split"></use></svg><span class="tooltip tooltip--light tooltip--to-top tooltip--with-wrap tooltip--short course-tab__tooltip"><span class="tooltip__wrap">Split mode</span></span></button></li></ul><div class="course-layout__editors"><div class="js--editor course-editor course-layout__editor" id="" data-tab="html" data-split=""><span class="course-editor__label"><span class="course-editor__label-item">HTML</span><button class="course-editor__label-item course-editor__label-item--interactive hidden js--editor__unsplit-button course-editor__label-item--simple" title="No split" type="button"><svg width="7" height="10" viewBox="0 0 7 10" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g stroke="currentColor" fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd"><path stroke-linecap="round" d="M.6 3.503L3.443.518l2.842 2.985"></path><path d="M3.5 1.5v7.16" stroke-linecap="square"></path></g></svg></button></span><div class="course-editor__item" id="html-editor"><!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>CandyShop</title>
<link href="candy-shop/setting.css" rel="stylesheet">
<link href="style.css" rel="stylesheet">
</head>
<body>
<section class="card">
<div class="card__content">
<h1 class="visually-hidden">The CandyShop Ice Cream Parlor</h1>
<img class="card__logo" src="candy-shop/candyshop.svg" width="205" height="63" alt="The CandyShop">
<p class="card__text">We make ice cream from the freshest cream!</p>
<img class="card__img" src="candy-shop/icecream.png" width="196" height="240" alt="Ice cream">
</div>
<div class="card__controls">
<a href="contacts.html" class="card__button button-open">Show contacts</a>
</div>
</section>
<section class="modal">
<div class="modal__content">
<h2 class="visually-hidden">Contact us</h2>
<h3>Address:</h3>
<p>19/8 Bolshaya Konyushennaya, St. Petersburg, 191186</p>
<h3>Phone:</h3>
<p>+7 (812) 275-75-75</p>
<h3>Email:</h3>
<p>mail@htmlacademy.ru</p>
<button class="modal__button button-close" type="button">Close</button>
</div>
</section>
<script src="script.js"></script>
</body>
</html>
</div></div><div class="js--editor course-editor course-layout__editor course-editor--hidden" id="" data-tab="css" data-split=""><span class="course-editor__label"><span class="course-editor__label-item">CSS</span><button class="course-editor__label-item course-editor__label-item--interactive hidden js--editor__unsplit-button course-editor__label-item--simple" title="No split" type="button"><svg width="7" height="10" viewBox="0 0 7 10" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g stroke="currentColor" fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd"><path stroke-linecap="round" d="M.6 3.503L3.443.518l2.842 2.985"></path><path d="M3.5 1.5v7.16" stroke-linecap="square"></path></g></svg></button></span><div class="course-editor__item" id="css-editor">h3 {
margin: 0.5em 0;
}
p {
margin: 0.5em 0 2em;
}
.card {
width: 420px;
margin: 50px auto 0;
}
.card__content {
position: relative;
background-color: #fad400;
display: flex;
flex-direction: column;
align-items: flex-start;
padding-top: 15px;
padding-left: 20px;
box-shadow: 0 5px 8px 0 #e8e8e8;
}
.card__img {
align-self: flex-end;
margin-top: auto;
}
.card__logo {
position: absolute;
}
.card__text {
font-size: 16px;
line-height: 22px;
font-weight: bold;
position: absolute;
left: 20px;
top: 100px;
width: 190px;
}
.card__controls {
display: flex;
justify-content: center;
align-items: center;
border: 2px solid #e8e8e8;
border-top: 0;
border-bottom-right-radius: 10px;
border-bottom-left-radius: 10px;
padding-top: 20px;
padding-bottom: 20px;
}
.card__button {
border: 0;
padding: 12px 0;
width: 230px;
text-transform: uppercase;
text-align: center;
border-radius: 50px;
color: #ffffff;
font-weight: bold;
font-size: 16px;
text-decoration: none;
background-color: #fad400;
}
.card__button:hover,
.card__button:focus {
background-color: #82da03;
}
.card__button:active {
color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.3);
background-color: #6cb502;
}
.modal {
display: none;
position: absolute;
top: 0;
left: 0;
width: 100%;
height: 100%;
}
.modal--show {
display: block;
}
.modal::after {
content: "";
position: fixed;
top: 0;
left: 0;
height: 100%;
width: 100%;
background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
z-index: 1;
}
.modal__content {
position: relative;
width: 300px;
margin: 100px auto;
padding: 30px 70px 15px;
background-color: #ffffff;
box-shadow: -1px 5px 12px 0 rgba(89, 90, 90, 0.3);
z-index: 2;
}
.modal__button {
position: absolute;
top: 20px;
right: 20px;
width: 20px;
height: 20px;
font-size: 0;
background: none;
border: 0;
}
.modal__button::after,
.modal__button::before {
content: "";
position: absolute;
right: 0;
top: 20px;
width: 26px;
height: 6px;
margin: -13px -3px;
background-color: #7656de;
}
.modal__button::before {
transform: rotate(45deg);
}
.modal__button::after {
transform: rotate(-45deg);
}
.modal__button:hover::after,
.modal__button:hover::before,
.modal__button:focus::after,
.modal__button:focus::before {
background-color: #9b7ff7;
}
.modal__button:active::after,
.modal__button:active::before {
background-color: #4023a0;
}
.visually-hidden {
position: absolute;
width: 1px;
height: 1px;
margin: -1px;
border: 0;
padding: 0;
white-space: nowrap;
clip-path: inset(100%);
clip: rect(0 0 0 0);
overflow: hidden;
}
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