In the previous assignment we already mentioned that negative values for coordinates can be used in rows. And, as you might have already guessed, in order to do this we need the grid-row-start/grid-row-end properties.
We already used the value -1. Let’s try something new, such as, for example, the value -2 that will designate the second row line counted from the end of the grid:
In the code, it will be written as follows:
.element {
grid-row-start: 1;
grid-row-end: -2;
}
Shall we practice what we learned a little?
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The grid item’s position: grid-row-start and grid-column-start</a></li><li class="main-nav__course-contents-item"><a href="/courses/layout/grid/grid-column-start-end">2. The grid item’s position: grid-column-start and grid-column-end</a></li><li class="main-nav__course-contents-item"><a href="/courses/layout/grid/grid-row-start-end">3. The grid item’s position: grid-row-start and grid-row-end</a></li><li class="main-nav__course-contents-item"><a href="/courses/layout/grid/grid-column-negative">4. Negative values for grid-column-start and grid-column-end</a></li><li class="main-nav__course-contents-item main-nav__course-contents-item--current"><a href="/courses/layout/grid/grid-row-negative">5. Negative values for grid-row-start and grid-row-end</a></li><li class="main-nav__course-contents-item"><a href="/courses/layout/grid/grid-item-overlay">6. Grid item overlay</a></li><li class="main-nav__course-contents-item"><a href="/courses/layout/grid/grid-item-overlay-z-index">7. Overlaying grid items and the z-index property</a></li><li class="main-nav__course-contents-item"><a href="/courses/layout/grid/summary-1">8. Summary of “Grids: positioning grid items”</a></li><li class="main-nav__course-contents-item"><a href="/courses/layout/grid/building-bridges">9. Test: Building bridges</a></li><li class="main-nav__course-contents-item"><a href="/courses/layout/grid/grid-template-areas">10. Named grid areas: the grid-template-areas property</a></li><li class="main-nav__course-contents-item"><a href="/courses/layout/grid/grid-template-areas-empty">11. The grid-template-areas property and empty grid areas</a></li><li class="main-nav__course-contents-item"><a href="/courses/layout/grid/auto-coordinates-column">12. Automatic coordinates of the grid items: columns</a></li><li class="main-nav__course-contents-item"><a href="/courses/layout/grid/auto-coordinates-rows">13. Automatic coordinates of elements in the grid: columns and rows</a></li><li class="main-nav__course-contents-item"><a href="/courses/layout/grid/combine-coordinates">14. Combining automatic and explicit coordinates</a></li><li class="main-nav__course-contents-item"><a href="/courses/layout/grid/combine-coordinates-2">15. Combining automatic and explicit coordinates, part 2</a></li><li class="main-nav__course-contents-item"><a href="/courses/layout/grid/unfixed-column">16. Unfixed column width</a></li><li class="main-nav__course-contents-item"><a href="/courses/layout/grid/unfixed-column-row">17. Unfixed column and row widths</a></li><li class="main-nav__course-contents-item"><a href="/courses/layout/grid/grid-gap">18. Grid spacing: the gap property</a></li><li class="main-nav__course-contents-item"><a href="/courses/layout/grid/row-column-gap">19. Grid spacing: the row-gap and column-gap properties</a></li><li class="main-nav__course-contents-item"><a href="/courses/layout/grid/summary-2">20. Summary of “Creating layouts using grids”</a></li><li class="main-nav__course-contents-item"><a href="/courses/layout/grid/park-layout">21. Test: Laying out a park</a></li><li class="main-nav__course-contents-item"><a href="/courses/layout/grid/page-layout">22. Laying out a simple page: creating a grid</a></li><li class="main-nav__course-contents-item"><a href="/courses/layout/grid/page-header-layout">23. Laying out a simple page: the header</a></li><li class="main-nav__course-contents-item"><a href="/courses/layout/grid/promo-layout">24. Laying out a simple blog page: the promo block</a></li><li class="main-nav__course-contents-item"><a href="/courses/layout/grid/sidebar-layout">25. Laying out a simple page: the sidebar</a></li><li class="main-nav__course-contents-item"><a href="/courses/layout/grid/blog-layout">26. Laying out a simple blog page</a></li><li class="main-nav__course-contents-item"><a href="/courses/layout/grid/page-final">27. Laying out a simple page: the final step</a></li><li class="main-nav__course-contents-item"><a href="/courses/layout/grid/online-store-layout">28. Laying out the online store catalog: creating an internal grid</a></li><li class="main-nav__course-contents-item"><a href="/courses/layout/grid/sorting-layout">29. Laying out an online store catalog: the “Sort by” block</a></li><li class="main-nav__course-contents-item"><a href="/courses/layout/grid/filter-layout">30. Laying out an online store catalog: the filter block</a></li><li class="main-nav__course-contents-item"><a href="/courses/layout/grid/online-store-final">31. Laying out an online store catalog: the final step</a></li><li class="main-nav__course-contents-item"><a href="/courses/layout/grid/page-grid-layout">32. 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fill="#EFA75B"/><path d="M31.963 50.968c-.197-.004-.358-.157-.372-.353-.018-.207.158-.378.364-.354 3.245-.26 3.505-2.156 3.608-2.25-.006-.19.183-.325.362-.26.193.01.35.16.363.354 0 .084 0 1.906 3.422 2 .192.008.348.16.362.353-.018.19-.172.34-.363.353-1.352.11-2.68-.4-3.61-1.386-.095-.096-.16-.22-.185-.353-.982 1.174-2.423 1.866-3.952 1.898z" fill="#151841"/><path d="M32.14 43.427c.186-.52 3.608.083 3.608.083s2.975-.688 3.422.084c-.05.288-.175.557-.363.78-.515-.056-1.037.004-1.525.178-.333.61-.488 1.304-.446 2-.222.394-.574.7-.995.864-.398-.112-.75-.354-.994-.688.047-.75-.146-1.496-.55-2.13-.27-.26-1.264.084-1.626-.083l-.53-1.088zm6.89.242c-.05.286-.175.556-.363.78-.503-.063-1.015-.012-1.497.148-.333.612-.487 1.305-.446 2-.222.394-.574.7-.995.864-.4-.112-.75-.354-.996-.688.053-.76-.14-1.515-.55-2.157-.268-.26-1.263.084-1.626-.084-.26-.23-.45-.53-.55-.864" fill="#CF4A27"/><path d="M35.748 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2.334.725-.13.837-1.46.93-2.13h.112c.937.492 1.647 1.33 1.98 2.334-.388.176-.793.31-1.21.4zm18.365-2.864c-1.104-.145-2.215-.232-3.33-.26-.546-.01-1.093.05-1.626.176-1.166.483-2.08 1.425-2.53 2.604l-.158.79 1.795.623c.558.153 1.132.24 1.71.26h.28c3.245-.177 4.137-3.72 4.137-3.72l.084-.353zm-1.264 1.86c-.54 1.394-2.882 1.646-2.966 1.646-.517-.02-1.03-.11-1.525-.26-.186-.085-.633-.26-1.08-.43.374-.966 1.117-1.746 2.065-2.165 0 .68.158 1.953.81 2.083.65.13.613-1.535.566-2.26.934.005 1.865.064 2.79.177-.11.316-.473.65-.66 1.17z" fill="#151841"/><path d="M19.26 39.27c.535 1.362 1.56 2.473 2.874 3.115.534.312 1.204-.07 1.207-.69.002-.285-.15-.55-.397-.695-.918-.46-1.65-1.222-2.073-2.158-.344-.957-1.972-.52-1.61.428zm29.45 3.125c1.083-.59 2.01-1.428 2.706-2.446.3-.556-.112-1.228-.743-1.21-.293.007-.56.17-.698.428-.568.776-1.306 1.412-2.158 1.86-.394.23-.517.742-.27 1.125.263.376.773.482 1.163.242z" fill="#EFA75B" stroke-width="13"/><path d="M16.025 32.436c1.525-1.386 2.427-4.408 2.79-6.835-.084.354 2.613.43 4.138-1.208 1.078-1.125.446-2-.186-3.375-1.71-3.552-4.585-6.323-7.384-8.918-.716-.69-1.44-2.428-2.706-2-.995.353-.93 3.2-.716 4.073 1.09 7.448 4.065 18.263 4.065 18.263zm37.372-.78c-1.704-1.826-2.822-4.12-3.208-6.585 0 .354-2.614.354-4.056-1.29-.995-1.127-.362-1.86.363-3.117 1.86-3.198 4.863-5.718 7.746-8.136.81-.604 1.627-1.47 2.79-.93.994.428.715 2.334.548 3.115-1.083 5.72-2.48 11.376-4.183 16.943z" fill="#FFF"/><path d="M53.564 20.422c-1.98.51-4.138 1.636-5.105 3.487-.43-2.196 1.645-4.65 3.393-5.832.333-.21.312-.703-.037-.886-.162-.085-.357-.076-.512.022-2.157 1.562-4.417 4.5-3.784 7.188.076.262.354.41.614.325l-.075.28c-.085.603.93.864.994.26.446-2.158 2.706-3.376 4.77-3.897.372-.076.522-.526.27-.81-.133-.15-.342-.204-.53-.138zM17.457 18.06c-.55-.354-.995.428-.55.865 1.433 1.004 3.182 3.05 3.395 4.956-.93-1.86-3.05-2.975-5.105-3.486-.386-.005-.633.41-.445.747.042.076.103.14.176.184 2.073.52 4.324 1.73 4.77 3.896.106.328.5.46.78.26.273.192.653.06.745-.26.735-2.66-1.6-5.728-3.766-7.16z" fill="#F1662A"/></svg></span><p class="course-loading-overlay__message"><b class="course-loading-overlay__message-title">Loading…</b><br><span class="course-loading-overlay__message-text">Everything will be ready in few seconds</span></p></div></div><div class="course-layout__sidebar course-theory"><div class="course-theory__inner course-theory__inner--left-stub"><button class="course-theory__close icon-close icon-close--light" type="button">Close</button><ul class="course-tabs course-tabs--non-interactive course-layout__theory-heading js--theory-tabs"><li class="course-tabs__item course-tabs__item--external course-tab course-tab--centered"><span class="course-tab__icon"><svg aria-hidden="true"><use xlink:href="/img/sprites/courses.svg#icon-theory"></use></svg></span><span class="course-tab__title">Theory</span></li><li class="course-tabs__item course-tabs__item--internal course-tab course-tab--centered course-tab--active js--theory-tab__theory"><span class="course-tab__icon"><svg aria-hidden="true"><use xlink:href="/img/sprites/courses.svg#icon-theory"></use></svg></span><span class="course-tab__title">Theory</span></li><li class="course-tabs__item course-tabs__item--internal course-tab course-tab--centered js--theory-tab__comments"><span class="course-tab__icon"><svg aria-hidden="true" style="width: 16px; height: 16px; fill: #2e2c9c;"><use xlink:href="/img/sprites/up.svg#comment"></use></svg></span><span class="course-tab__title">Comments</span></li></ul><section class="course-theory__content"><div class="js--theory-pane__theory course-theory__content-inner"><h1 class="course-theory__content-heading">Negative values for grid-row-start and grid-row-end</h1><div class="course-theory__content-text"><p>In the previous assignment we already mentioned that negative values for coordinates can be used in rows. And, as you might have already guessed, in order to do this we need the <code>grid-row-start/grid-row-end</code> properties.</p><p>We already used the value <code>-1</code>. Let’s try something new, such as, for example, the value <code>-2</code> that will designate <em>the second row line counted from the end of the grid</em>:</p><figure class="text-center"><img src="/assets/courses/28/theory/5.png" width="492" height="493" alt="Schematic representation of grid lines"></figure><p>In the code, it will be written as follows:</p><pre><code>.element {
grid-row-start: 1;
grid-row-end: -2;
}</code></pre><p>Shall we practice what we learned a little?</p></div></div><div class="js--theory-pane__comments hidden course-theory__content-inner"><div class="course-theory__content-text"><h2 class="course-theory__content-heading">Comments</h2><div id="disqus_thread"></div><script>
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<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>Negative values for grid-row-start and grid-row-end</title>
<link href="world.css" rel="stylesheet">
<link href="style.css" rel="stylesheet">
</head>
<body class="world">
<div class="land land--guided land--task-5">
<div class="element element--water">Water</div>
<div class="element element--grass">Grass</div>
<div class="element element--rocks">Rocks</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</div></div><div class="js--editor course-editor course-layout__editor course-editor--hidden" id="" data-tab="css" data-split=""><span class="course-editor__label"><span class="course-editor__label-item">CSS</span><button class="course-editor__label-item course-editor__label-item--interactive hidden js--editor__unsplit-button course-editor__label-item--simple" title="No split" type="button"><svg width="7" height="10" viewBox="0 0 7 10" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g stroke="currentColor" fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd"><path stroke-linecap="round" d="M.6 3.503L3.443.518l2.842 2.985"></path><path d="M3.5 1.5v7.16" stroke-linecap="square"></path></g></svg></button></span><div class="course-editor__item" id="css-editor">.land {
display: grid;
grid-template-columns: 125px 125px 125px 125px;
grid-template-rows: 125px 125px 125px 125px;
}
.element--water {
grid-row-start: 2;
grid-row-end: 4;
grid-column-start: 1;
grid-column-end: 3;
}
.element--grass {
grid-row-start: 4;
grid-row-end: 5;
grid-column-start: 1;
grid-column-end: -1;
}
.element--lava {
grid-row-start: 1;
grid-row-end: 2;
grid-column-start: 1;
grid-column-end: 3;
}
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