JavaScript
var calculateMiles = function () {
var distance = 4125;
var percent = 0.25;
if (distance > 10500) {
percent = 0.35;
}
var miles = distance * percent;
console.log('We’ll get ' + miles + ' miles for the flight to Irkutsk');
};
calculateMiles();
Thanks! We’ll fix everything at once!
Result
- Change the message We’ll get miles for the flight to Irkutsk to a more universal: We’ll get miles for the flight.
- Add parameter distance to the function.
- In the function call, specify argument 4125.
- Inside the function body, delete variable distance.
- At the end of the program, add another calculateMiles call with argument 11000.
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Fasten your seat belts</a></li><li class="main-nav__course-contents-item"><a href="/courses/javascript-programming/functions/check-miles">2. Long-distance flight</a></li><li class="main-nav__course-contents-item"><a href="/courses/javascript-programming/functions/kamchatka-miles">3. Going the second circle</a></li><li class="main-nav__course-contents-item"><a href="/courses/javascript-programming/functions/first-function">4. Helper function</a></li><li class="main-nav__course-contents-item"><a href="/courses/javascript-programming/functions/function-call">5. Function, I’m calling you!</a></li><li class="main-nav__course-contents-item main-nav__course-contents-item--current"><a href="/courses/javascript-programming/functions/parameter">6. I have a parameter for you</a></li><li class="main-nav__course-contents-item"><a href="/courses/javascript-programming/functions/order-of-parameters">7. Order of parameters</a></li><li class="main-nav__course-contents-item"><a href="/courses/javascript-programming/functions/return">8. Return from function</a></li><li class="main-nav__course-contents-item"><a href="/courses/javascript-programming/functions/summary-1">9. Summary of “Functions”. Part 1</a></li><li class="main-nav__course-contents-item"><a href="/courses/javascript-programming/functions/challenge-salary">10. Seventh program: “From salary to salary”</a></li><li class="main-nav__course-contents-item"><a href="/courses/javascript-programming/functions/check-flight-class">11. Business trip</a></li><li class="main-nav__course-contents-item"><a href="/courses/javascript-programming/functions/add-variables">12. Write, simplify</a></li><li class="main-nav__course-contents-item"><a href="/courses/javascript-programming/functions/refactor-return">13. Get rid of unnecessary</a></li><li class="main-nav__course-contents-item"><a href="/courses/javascript-programming/functions/optimization">14. Make me beautiful</a></li><li class="main-nav__course-contents-item"><a href="/courses/javascript-programming/functions/add-percent">15. Just add percentage</a></li><li class="main-nav__course-contents-item"><a href="/courses/javascript-programming/functions/calculate-flights">16. Call me quietly by name</a></li><li class="main-nav__course-contents-item"><a href="/courses/javascript-programming/functions/add-miles-target">17. I see the target</a></li><li class="main-nav__course-contents-item"><a href="/courses/javascript-programming/functions/flights-condition">18. How many flights?</a></li><li class="main-nav__course-contents-item"><a href="/courses/javascript-programming/functions/flights-class-condition">19. 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3.896.106.328.5.46.78.26.273.192.653.06.745-.26.735-2.66-1.6-5.728-3.766-7.16z" fill="#F1662A"/></svg></span><p class="course-loading-overlay__message"><b class="course-loading-overlay__message-title">Loading…</b><br><span class="course-loading-overlay__message-text">Everything will be ready in few seconds</span></p></div></div><div class="course-layout__sidebar course-theory"><div class="course-theory__inner course-theory__inner--left-stub"><button class="course-theory__close icon-close icon-close--light" type="button">Close</button><ul class="course-tabs course-tabs--non-interactive course-layout__theory-heading js--theory-tabs"><li class="course-tabs__item course-tabs__item--external course-tab course-tab--centered"><span class="course-tab__icon"><svg aria-hidden="true"><use xlink:href="/img/sprites/courses.svg#icon-theory"></use></svg></span><span class="course-tab__title">Theory</span></li><li class="course-tabs__item course-tabs__item--internal course-tab course-tab--centered course-tab--active js--theory-tab__theory"><span class="course-tab__icon"><svg aria-hidden="true"><use xlink:href="/img/sprites/courses.svg#icon-theory"></use></svg></span><span class="course-tab__title">Theory</span></li><li class="course-tabs__item course-tabs__item--internal course-tab course-tab--centered js--theory-tab__comments"><span class="course-tab__icon"><svg aria-hidden="true" style="width: 16px; height: 16px; fill: #2e2c9c;"><use xlink:href="/img/sprites/up.svg#comment"></use></svg></span><span class="course-tab__title">Comments</span></li></ul><section class="course-theory__content"><div class="js--theory-pane__theory course-theory__content-inner"><h1 class="course-theory__content-heading">I have a parameter for you</h1><div class="course-theory__content-text"><p>We wrote a function, called it and counted the miles accrued for the flight to Irkutsk. And what about the flight to Kamchatka? How do you calculate the result of the second trip?</p><p>However many times we call the <code>calculateMiles()</code> function, the result will be the same, because inside the function, there are variables with fixed values suitable only for the flight to Irkutsk, that is, <em>only for one case</em>.</p><p>Inside the function in the variable <code>distance</code> we store the distance to Irkutsk. To find miles for another flight, you need to change the value of this variable. But we will not rewrite the function with a different <code>distance</code> value. We will make the function universal so that it can be written once, and then used for different cases. To make the function really universal, you must use <b>parameters</b>.</p><p>Parameters are values we pass to the function. With their help, we can calculate the result of its operation for specific cases.</p><p>Let’s see how it works.</p><pre><code>var showTime = function (<mark>hours</mark>, <mark>minutes</mark>) {
console.log('Current time: ' + <b>hours</b> + ':' + <b>minutes</b>);
};
showTime(<mark>3</mark>, <mark>15</mark>); // Displays: Current time: <b>3</b>:<b>15</b>
showTime(<mark>16</mark>, <mark>20</mark>); // Displays: Current time: <b>16</b>:<b>20</b></code></pre><p>For the function to work with parameters, they must be somehow expressed and given names. Let’s figure out how we can do it.</p><p>1. <b>Set the parameters</b>.</p><pre><code>var showTime = function (<b>hours</b>, <b>minutes</b>) {
…
};</code></pre><p>When the function is declared, in the parentheses of the function itself, the parameter is given a name. This parameter starts behaving like a variable and can be used in the function code. If there are several of them, the parameters are separated with a comma.</p><p>2. <b>Use the parameters</b>.</p><pre><code>var showTime = function (hours, minutes) {
console.log('Current time: ' + <b>hours</b> + ':' + <b>minutes</b>);
};</code></pre><p>Parameters work just like variables. We substitute them for fixed values in the operation inside the function. When the code is executed, each parameter is substituted with its value.</p><p>3. <b>The function receives parameter values</b></p><pre><code>showTime(<b>3</b>, <b>15</b>); // Displays: Current time: <b>3</b>:<b>15</b>
showTime(<b>16</b>, <b>20</b>); // Displays: Current time: <b>16</b>:<b>20</b></code></pre><p>In the previous steps, we examined how the function works with the received parameters. But we have not yet discussed how to make the function receive them. At the time of the function call, we indicate in parentheses those values that appear in the parameters. We write <code>showTime (16, 20)</code> and instead of <code>hours</code> in the body of the function <code>16</code> is substituted, and instead of <code>minutes</code> the number <code>20</code>.</p><p>Let’s improve our code, finally make the <code>calculateMiles</code> function a universal one and calculate the miles accrued for the second flight.</p><p class="info info--gray"><span class="info__heading">By the way,</span> we say “the function takes parameters”, but at the same time we “pass <b>arguments</b> to the function”. Why the arguments? It was about the parameters! The fact of the matter is that parameters are values that we set <i>at the time a function is declared</i>. We also use them in the function body. And arguments are values that we transfer to a function <i>when it is called</i>.</p></div></div><div class="js--theory-pane__comments hidden course-theory__content-inner"><div class="course-theory__content-text"><h2 class="course-theory__content-heading">Comments</h2><div id="disqus_thread"></div><script>
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</script><noscript>Please enable JavaScript to view the <a href="https://disqus.com/?ref_noscript">comments powered by Disqus.</a></noscript></div></div></section><div class="course-theory__controls"><button class="button button--close" type="button">To the task</button></div></div></div><div class="course-layout__column course-layout__column--left"><ul class="js--course-tabs course-tabs course-layout__course-tabs"><li class="course-tabs__item course-tab js--editor-tab course-tabs__item--limited course-tabs__item--limited-large course-tab--active" data-editor="js"><span class="course-tab__title course-tab__title--indent"><span class="course-tab__title-part course-tab__title-part--active">script.js</span></span></li></ul><div class="course-layout__editors"><div class="js--editor course-editor course-layout__editor" id="" data-tab="js" data-split=""><span class="course-editor__label"><span class="course-editor__label-item">JavaScript</span></span><div class="course-editor__item" id="js-editor">var calculateMiles = function () {
var distance = 4125;
var percent = 0.25;
if (distance > 10500) {
percent = 0.35;
}
var miles = distance * percent;
console.log('We’ll get ' + miles + ' miles for the flight to Irkutsk');
};
calculateMiles();
</div></div></div><div class="course-editor-controls"><button class="course-editor-controls__item course-editor-controls__item--answer" type="button">Show the answer</button></div><div class="js--feedback course-unhappy"><button class="js--feedback-btn course-unhappy__button" type="button"><span class="sr-only">Complain</span><svg aria-hidden="true"><use xlink:href="/img/sprites/courses.svg#unhappy"></use></svg></button><div class="js--feedback-modal course-unhappy__modal course-unhappy__modal--step-one"><form method="POST" action="/courses/javascript-programming/functions/parameter/signal" class="course-unhappy__form form"><input type="hidden" name="csrf_name" value="csrf69aebc6e1f599"><input type="hidden" name="csrf_value" value="d97c166dc18f9a8c01d1e7c05153f8e5"><p class="course-unhappy__text">What didn’t you like in this task?</p><div class="course-unhappy__slide"><div class="course-unhappy__wrap"><div class="course-unhappy__list"><label class="checkbox checkbox--small"><input class="checkbox__input" name="problems" value="1" type="checkbox"><span class="checkbox__text">The code check doesn’t work</span></label><label class="checkbox checkbox--small"><input class="checkbox__input" name="problems" value="2" type="checkbox"><span class="checkbox__text">The task is too difficult</span></label><label class="checkbox checkbox--small"><input class="checkbox__input" name="problems" value="3" type="checkbox"><span class="checkbox__text">The theory is hard to understand</span></label><label class="checkbox checkbox--small"><input class="js--feedback-other-checkbox checkbox__input" name="problems" value="0" type="checkbox"><span class="checkbox__text">Other (will write below)</span></label></div><div class="course-unhappy__message"><label class="sr-only" for="id-message">Другое (сейчас напишу)</label><textarea class="field field--area" id="id-message" name="message" placeholder="For example, a typo in the word «heading»"></textarea></div></div></div><button class="course-unhappy__control course-unhappy__control--prev" type="button"><span class="sr-only">Prev</span><svg aria-hidden="true"><use xlink:href="/img/sprites/landings.svg#arrow"></use></svg></button><button class="course-unhappy__control course-unhappy__control--next" type="button" disabled><span class="sr-only">Next</span><svg aria-hidden="true"><use xlink:href="/img/sprites/landings.svg#arrow"></use></svg></button><button class="js--submit-btn button" disabled>Submit</button></form><p class="course-unhappy__result hidden">Thanks! We’ll fix everything at once!</p></div></div></div><div class="course-layout__column course-layout__column--right"><span class="course-separator-control"><svg aria-hidden="true"><use xlink:href="/img/sprites/courses.svg#icon-arrows-separator"></use></svg></span><div class="course-browser"><div class="course-browser__menu"><span class="course-browser__menu-item course-browser__address"><span class="course-browser__menu-item-inner">Console</span></span><button class="js--autorun course-browser__menu-item course-browser__menu-button course-browser__menu-button--text-with-icon course-browser__menu-button--autorun course-browser__menu-button--autorun-on" title="Autorun" type="button"><span class="course-browser__menu-item-inner"><svg aria-hidden="true"><use xlink:href="/img/sprites/courses.svg#icon-autorun"></use></svg>
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</span></button><button class="course-browser__menu-item course-browser__menu-button course-browser__menu-button--expand" type="button"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="11" height="11" viewBox="0 0 11 11"><path d="M1.375 5.125v4.5h4.5m3.75-3.75v-4.5h-4.5" fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd" stroke="currentColor"></path></svg></button></div><div class="course-browser__notification js--browser-change-heading hidden"><p class="course-browser__notification-text">The code has changed, click “Run” or turn autorun on.</p><button class="course-browser__notification-button course-browser__notification-button--play js--close" type="button"><svg aria-hidden="true"><use xlink:href="/img/sprites/courses.svg#icon-play"></use></svg>
Run</button></div><div class="course-browser__content"><div class="console js--console"><h2 class="sr-only">Result</h2><div class="console__content js--console__content"></div></div></div><div class="course-goals js--goals"><div class="course-goals__heading"><span class="course-goals__heading-title"><span class="course-goals__count-label">Goals</span><span class="course-goals__count">completed</span></span><button class="course-goals__button course-goals__button--expand js--goals__expand" type="button"><svg aria-hidden="true"><use xlink:href="/img/sprites/courses.svg#icon-collapse"></use></svg></button><a class="course-goals__button course-goals__button--next button button--green button--without-border hidden" href="/courses/javascript-programming/functions/order-of-parameters" title="Order of parameters"><svg aria-hidden="true"><use xlink:href="/img/sprites/courses.svg#arrow-white--mini"></use></svg></a></div><div class="course-goals__content"><ol class="course-goals__list"><li class="course-goals__list-item">Change the message <code>We’ll get miles for the flight to Irkutsk</code> to a more universal: <code>We’ll get miles for the flight</code><span class="mark">.</span></li><li class="course-goals__list-item">Add parameter <code>distance</code> to the function<span class="mark">.</span></li><li class="course-goals__list-item">In the function call, specify argument <code>4125</code><span class="mark">.</span></li><li class="course-goals__list-item">Inside the function body, delete variable <code>distance</code><span class="mark">.</span></li><li class="course-goals__list-item">At the end of the program, add another <code>calculateMiles</code> call with argument <code>11000</code><span class="mark">.</span></li></ol></div></div></div></div></article></div><div class="course-interface__overlay course-interface__overlay--active"></div></main><script
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