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<div id="app" data-page="{"component":"web/courses/lessons/theory_unit","props":{"errors":{},"locale":"ru","language":"ru","httpsHost":"https://ru.hexlet.io","host":"ru.hexlet.io","colorScheme":"light","auth":{"user":{"id":null,"last_viewed_notification_id":null,"email":null,"state":null,"first_name":"","last_name":"","created_at":"2026-02-26T19:05:39.297Z","current_program":null,"current_team":null,"full_name":"","guest":true,"can_use_paid_features":false,"is_hexlet_employee":false,"sanitized_phone_number":"","can_subscribe":true,"can_renew_education":false}},"cloudflareTurnstileSiteKey":"0x4AAAAAAA15KmeFXzd2H0Xo","vkIdClientId":"51586979","yandexIdClientId":"88d071f1d3384eb4bd1deb37910235c7","formAuthToken":"TmzKd5xL1EAPUTFWJ50w6KfwrbO-Ic61B__lADmtPtGhvQFAbjV5ILkSFc4rksCfZ_mAGbYWMBe6H39Ua6rZvw","topics":[{"id":16595,"title":"Коллеги, вики [пишет](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coroutine) **Coroutine**, а в тексте Cor**u**tines.","plain_title":"Коллеги, вики пишет (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coroutine) Coroutine, а в тексте Corutines. ","creator":{"public_name":"Константин Бочинин","id":43218,"is_tutor":false},"comments":[{"creator":{"public_name":"Александр О.","id":61806,"is_tutor":false},"id":35189,"body":"Да, это опечатка - поправил, спасибо!","topic_id":16595}],"communitable":{"parent_entity_name":null,"parent_entity_url":null,"entity_name":"Введение","entity_url":null,"active":true}},{"id":32854,"title":"Мне показалось или вы выкинули этот курс из профессий?","plain_title":"Мне показалось или вы выкинули этот курс из профессий? ","creator":{"public_name":"Kirill Kikimov","id":79345,"is_tutor":false},"comments":[{"creator":{"public_name":"Kirill Mokevnin","id":1,"is_tutor":false},"id":71457,"body":"Ага, заменили другим https://ru.hexlet.io/courses/js-asynchronous-programming","topic_id":32854}],"communitable":{"parent_entity_name":null,"parent_entity_url":null,"entity_name":"Введение","entity_url":null,"active":true}}],"lesson":{"exercise":null,"units":[{"id":1580,"name":"theory","url":"/courses/js-sync/lessons/intro/theory_unit"}],"links":[],"ordered_units":[{"id":1580,"name":"theory","url":"/courses/js-sync/lessons/intro/theory_unit"}],"id":779,"slug":"intro","state":"approved","name":"Введение","course_order":100,"goal":"Знакомимся с курсом, темой и проектом","self_study":null,"theory_video_provider":null,"theory_video_uid":null,"theory":"Первое, с чем мы сталкиваемся в `js` при работе с `IO` – это\nколбеки, сложность использования которых резко нарастает с увеличением\nзависимостей.\n\n```javascript\nimport fs from 'fs'\n\nconst myFile = '/tmp/test'\nfs.readFile(myFile, 'utf8', (err, txt) => {\n if (err) {\n return console.log(err)\n }\n\n const newTxt = `${txt}'\\nAppended something!`\n fs.writeFile(myFile, newTxt, (err) => {\n if (err) {\n return console.log(err)\n }\n console.log('Appended text!')\n })\n})\n```\n\nИ мы знаем уже как минимум один способ борьбы с этой сложностью и даже\nнаписали реализацию нескольких функций библиотеки `async`.\n\n```javascript\nasync.filter(['file1', 'file2'], (filePath, callback) => {\n fs.access(filePath, (err) => {\n callback(null, !err)\n })\n}, (err, results) => {\n // results now equals an array of the existing files\n})\n```\n\nЭтот способ довольно неплох, но обладает рядом недостатков. Один из\nосновных связан с тем, что необходимо знать большое количество разнообразных\nфункций на все случаи жизни. Другой – с тем, что комбинирование\nфункций самой библиотеки `async` приводит к громоздкому коду, который, к\nтому же, не так просто понимать.\n\nОказывается, что существует ряд других способов работы с асинхронным кодом,\nчасть из которых может быть реализована без поддержки со стороны языка.\n\n* Promise (Futures)\n* Coroutines (using Generators)\n* Async/Await\n\nВ этом курсе будут подробно рассмотрены перечисленные концепции, которые\nстали неотъемлемой частью современной разработки на `js`. В процессе\nзнакомства с ними мы построим библиотеку для выполнения `http` запросов.\nОна будет основана на промисах, а использовать ее можно будет с генераторами\nи async/await конструкциями.\n\n```javascript\nimport { get } from 'hexlet-http-request'\n\nexport default async () => {\n const hostname = 'localhost:3000'\n const id = await get(`${hostname}/id`)\n const group = await get(`${hostname}/group`)\n\n return get(`${hostname}/${group}/${id}`)\n}\n```\n\nКак видите, здесь используется новый синтаксис, но сама структура читается хорошо\nдаже без его знания. 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Один из\nосновных связан с тем, что необходимо знать большое количество разнообразных\nфункций на все случаи жизни. Другой – с тем, что комбинирование\nфункций самой библиотеки `async` приводит к громоздкому коду, который, к\nтому же, не так просто понимать.\n\nОказывается, что существует ряд других способов работы с асинхронным кодом,\nчасть из которых может быть реализована без поддержки со стороны языка.\n\n* Promise (Futures)\n* Coroutines (using Generators)\n* Async/Await\n\nВ этом курсе будут подробно рассмотрены перечисленные концепции, которые\nстали неотъемлемой частью современной разработки на `js`. В процессе\nзнакомства с ними мы построим библиотеку для выполнения `http` запросов.\nОна будет основана на промисах, а использовать ее можно будет с генераторами\nи async/await конструкциями.\n\n```javascript\nimport { get } from 'hexlet-http-request'\n\nexport default async () => {\n const hostname = 'localhost:3000'\n const id = await get(`${hostname}/id`)\n const group = await get(`${hostname}/group`)\n\n return get(`${hostname}/${group}/${id}`)\n}\n```\n\nКак видите, здесь используется новый синтаксис, но сама структура читается хорошо\nдаже без его знания. 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__m__-_R_rdub_"><style data-mantine-styles="inline">.__m__-_R_6qrdub_{margin-top:0rem;padding-inline:var(--mantine-spacing-xs);width:100%;}@media(min-width: 48em){.__m__-_R_6qrdub_{margin-top:var(--mantine-spacing-xl);width:80%;}}@media(min-width: 62em){.__m__-_R_6qrdub_{padding-inline:var(--mantine-spacing-xl);}}</style><div style="margin-inline:auto;max-width:var(--mantine-breakpoint-xl)" class="__m__-_R_6qrdub_"><div style="color:var(--mantine-color-dimmed)" class="m_4451eb3a mantine-Center-root" data-inline="true"><div style="--ti-size:var(--ti-size-xs);--ti-bg:transparent;--ti-color:var(--mantine-color-indigo-light-color);--ti-bd:calc(0.0625rem * var(--mantine-scale)) solid transparent;margin-inline-end:calc(0.125rem * var(--mantine-scale));color:inherit" class="m_7341320d mantine-ThemeIcon-root" data-variant="transparent" data-size="xs"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="tabler-icon tabler-icon-lock "><path d="M5 13a2 2 0 0 1 2 -2h10a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v6a2 2 0 0 1 -2 2h-10a2 2 0 0 1 -2 -2v-6"></path><path d="M11 16a1 1 0 1 0 2 0a1 1 0 0 0 -2 0"></path><path d="M8 11v-4a4 4 0 1 1 8 0v4"></path></svg></div><p style="font-size:var(--mantine-font-size-sm)" class="mantine-focus-auto m_b6d8b162 mantine-Text-root">JS: Синхронная асинхронность</p></div><h1 style="--title-fw:var(--mantine-h1-font-weight);--title-lh:var(--mantine-h1-line-height);--title-fz:var(--mantine-h1-font-size);margin-bottom:var(--mantine-spacing-xl)" class="m_8a5d1357 mantine-Title-root" data-order="1">Теория: Введение</h1><script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"LearningResource","name":"Введение","inLanguage":"ru","isPartOf":{"@type":"LearningResource","name":"JS: Синхронная 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0"></path></svg></div><div class="m_667c2793 mantine-Alert-body"><div class="m_6a03f287 mantine-Alert-title"><span id="mantine-_R_remqrdub_-title" class="m_698f4f23 mantine-Alert-label">Полный доступ к материалам</span></div><div id="mantine-_R_remqrdub_-body" class="m_7fa78076 mantine-Alert-message"><div style="--group-gap:var(--mantine-spacing-md);--group-align:center;--group-justify:space-between;--group-wrap:wrap" class="m_4081bf90 mantine-Group-root"><p class="mantine-focus-auto m_b6d8b162 mantine-Text-root">Зарегистрируйтесь и получите доступ к этому и десяткам других курсов</p><a style="--button-height:var(--button-height-xs);--button-padding-x:var(--button-padding-x-xs);--button-fz:var(--mantine-font-size-xs);--button-bg:linear-gradient(45deg, var(--mantine-color-blue-filled) 0%, var(--mantine-color-cyan-filled) 100%);--button-hover:linear-gradient(45deg, var(--mantine-color-blue-filled) 0%, var(--mantine-color-cyan-filled) 100%);--button-color:var(--mantine-color-white);--button-bd:none" class="mantine-focus-auto mantine-active m_77c9d27d mantine-Button-root m_87cf2631 mantine-UnstyledButton-root" data-variant="gradient" data-size="xs" href="/u/new"><span class="m_80f1301b mantine-Button-inner"><span class="m_811560b9 mantine-Button-label">Зарегистрироваться</span></span></a></div></div></div></div></div><div class="paywalled m_d08caa0 mantine-Typography-root"><p>Первое, с чем мы сталкиваемся в <code style="margin-bottom:var(--mantine-spacing-lg)" class="m_dfe9c588 mantine-InlineCodeHighlight-inlineCodeHighlight m_e597c321 mantine-CodeHighlight-codeHighlight m_dfe9c588 mantine-InlineCodeHighlight-inlineCodeHighlight">js</code> при работе с <code style="margin-bottom:var(--mantine-spacing-lg)" class="m_dfe9c588 mantine-InlineCodeHighlight-inlineCodeHighlight m_e597c321 mantine-CodeHighlight-codeHighlight m_dfe9c588 mantine-InlineCodeHighlight-inlineCodeHighlight">IO</code> – это
колбеки, сложность использования которых резко нарастает с увеличением
зависимостей.</p>
<div style="margin-bottom:var(--mantine-spacing-lg)" class="m_e597c321 mantine-CodeHighlight-codeHighlight" dir="ltr"><div class="m_be7e9c9c mantine-CodeHighlight-controls"><button style="--ai-bg:transparent;--ai-hover:transparent;--ai-color:inherit;--ai-bd:none" class="mantine-focus-auto mantine-active m_d498bab7 mantine-CodeHighlight-control m_8d3f4000 mantine-ActionIcon-root m_87cf2631 mantine-UnstyledButton-root" data-variant="none" type="button" aria-label="Copy code"><span class="m_8d3afb97 mantine-ActionIcon-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke-width="2" stroke="currentColor" fill="none" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path stroke="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z" fill="none"></path><path d="M8 8m0 2a2 2 0 0 1 2 -2h8a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v8a2 2 0 0 1 -2 2h-8a2 2 0 0 1 -2 -2z"></path><path d="M16 8v-2a2 2 0 0 0 -2 -2h-8a2 2 0 0 0 -2 2v8a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2"></path></svg></span></button></div><div style="--scrollarea-scrollbar-size:calc(0.25rem * var(--mantine-scale));--sa-corner-width:0px;--sa-corner-height:0px" class="m_f744fd40 mantine-CodeHighlight-scrollarea m_d57069b5 mantine-ScrollArea-root" dir="ltr"><div style="overflow-x:hidden;overflow-y:hidden;overscroll-behavior-inline:none" class="m_c0783ff9 mantine-ScrollArea-viewport" data-scrollbars="xy"><div class="m_b1336c6 mantine-ScrollArea-content"><pre class="m_2c47c4fd mantine-CodeHighlight-pre" style="padding:0"><code class="m_5caae6d3 mantine-CodeHighlight-code">import fs from 'fs'
const myFile = '/tmp/test'
fs.readFile(myFile, 'utf8', (err, txt) => {
if (err) {
return console.log(err)
}
const newTxt = `${txt}'\nAppended something!`
fs.writeFile(myFile, newTxt, (err) => {
if (err) {
return console.log(err)
}
console.log('Appended text!')
})
})</code></pre></div></div></div><button class="mantine-focus-auto m_c9378bc2 mantine-CodeHighlight-showCodeButton m_87cf2631 mantine-UnstyledButton-root" data-hidden="true" type="button">Expand code</button></div>
<p>И мы знаем уже как минимум один способ борьбы с этой сложностью и даже
написали реализацию нескольких функций библиотеки <code style="margin-bottom:var(--mantine-spacing-lg)" class="m_dfe9c588 mantine-InlineCodeHighlight-inlineCodeHighlight m_e597c321 mantine-CodeHighlight-codeHighlight m_dfe9c588 mantine-InlineCodeHighlight-inlineCodeHighlight">async</code>.</p>
<div style="margin-bottom:var(--mantine-spacing-lg)" class="m_e597c321 mantine-CodeHighlight-codeHighlight" dir="ltr"><div class="m_be7e9c9c mantine-CodeHighlight-controls"><button style="--ai-bg:transparent;--ai-hover:transparent;--ai-color:inherit;--ai-bd:none" class="mantine-focus-auto mantine-active m_d498bab7 mantine-CodeHighlight-control m_8d3f4000 mantine-ActionIcon-root m_87cf2631 mantine-UnstyledButton-root" data-variant="none" type="button" aria-label="Copy code"><span class="m_8d3afb97 mantine-ActionIcon-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke-width="2" stroke="currentColor" fill="none" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path stroke="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z" fill="none"></path><path d="M8 8m0 2a2 2 0 0 1 2 -2h8a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v8a2 2 0 0 1 -2 2h-8a2 2 0 0 1 -2 -2z"></path><path d="M16 8v-2a2 2 0 0 0 -2 -2h-8a2 2 0 0 0 -2 2v8a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2"></path></svg></span></button></div><div style="--scrollarea-scrollbar-size:calc(0.25rem * var(--mantine-scale));--sa-corner-width:0px;--sa-corner-height:0px" class="m_f744fd40 mantine-CodeHighlight-scrollarea m_d57069b5 mantine-ScrollArea-root" dir="ltr"><div style="overflow-x:hidden;overflow-y:hidden;overscroll-behavior-inline:none" class="m_c0783ff9 mantine-ScrollArea-viewport" data-scrollbars="xy"><div class="m_b1336c6 mantine-ScrollArea-content"><pre class="m_2c47c4fd mantine-CodeHighlight-pre" style="padding:0"><code class="m_5caae6d3 mantine-CodeHighlight-code">async.filter(['file1', 'file2'], (filePath, callback) => {
fs.access(filePath, (err) => {
callback(null, !err)
})
}, (err, results) => {
// results now equals an array of the existing files
})</code></pre></div></div></div><button class="mantine-focus-auto m_c9378bc2 mantine-CodeHighlight-showCodeButton m_87cf2631 mantine-UnstyledButton-root" data-hidden="true" type="button">Expand code</button></div>
<p>Этот способ довольно неплох, но обладает рядом недостатков. Один из
основных связан с тем, что необходимо знать большое количество разнообразных
функций на все случаи жизни. Другой – с тем, что комбинирование
функций самой библиотеки <code style="margin-bottom:var(--mantine-spacing-lg)" class="m_dfe9c588 mantine-InlineCodeHighlight-inlineCodeHighlight m_e597c321 mantine-CodeHighlight-codeHighlight m_dfe9c588 mantine-InlineCodeHighlight-inlineCodeHighlight">async</code> приводит к громоздкому коду, который, к
тому же, не так просто понимать.</p>
<p>Оказывается, что существует ряд других способов работы с асинхронным кодом,
часть из которых может быть реализована без поддержки со стороны языка.</p>
<ul>
<li>Promise (Futures)</li>
<li>Coroutines (using Generators)</li>
<li>Async/Await</li>
</ul>
<p>В этом курсе будут подробно рассмотрены перечисленные концепции, которые
стали неотъемлемой частью современной разработки на <code style="margin-bottom:var(--mantine-spacing-lg)" class="m_dfe9c588 mantine-InlineCodeHighlight-inlineCodeHighlight m_e597c321 mantine-CodeHighlight-codeHighlight m_dfe9c588 mantine-InlineCodeHighlight-inlineCodeHighlight">js</code>. В процессе
знакомства с ними мы построим библиотеку для выполнения <code style="margin-bottom:var(--mantine-spacing-lg)" class="m_dfe9c588 mantine-InlineCodeHighlight-inlineCodeHighlight m_e597c321 mantine-CodeHighlight-codeHighlight m_dfe9c588 mantine-InlineCodeHighlight-inlineCodeHighlight">http</code> запросов.
Она будет основана на промисах, а использовать ее можно будет с генераторами
и async/await конструкциями.</p>
<div style="margin-bottom:var(--mantine-spacing-lg)" class="m_e597c321 mantine-CodeHighlight-codeHighlight" dir="ltr"><div class="m_be7e9c9c mantine-CodeHighlight-controls"><button style="--ai-bg:transparent;--ai-hover:transparent;--ai-color:inherit;--ai-bd:none" class="mantine-focus-auto mantine-active m_d498bab7 mantine-CodeHighlight-control m_8d3f4000 mantine-ActionIcon-root m_87cf2631 mantine-UnstyledButton-root" data-variant="none" type="button" aria-label="Copy code"><span class="m_8d3afb97 mantine-ActionIcon-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke-width="2" stroke="currentColor" fill="none" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path stroke="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z" fill="none"></path><path d="M8 8m0 2a2 2 0 0 1 2 -2h8a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v8a2 2 0 0 1 -2 2h-8a2 2 0 0 1 -2 -2z"></path><path d="M16 8v-2a2 2 0 0 0 -2 -2h-8a2 2 0 0 0 -2 2v8a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2"></path></svg></span></button></div><div style="--scrollarea-scrollbar-size:calc(0.25rem * var(--mantine-scale));--sa-corner-width:0px;--sa-corner-height:0px" class="m_f744fd40 mantine-CodeHighlight-scrollarea m_d57069b5 mantine-ScrollArea-root" dir="ltr"><div style="overflow-x:hidden;overflow-y:hidden;overscroll-behavior-inline:none" class="m_c0783ff9 mantine-ScrollArea-viewport" data-scrollbars="xy"><div class="m_b1336c6 mantine-ScrollArea-content"><pre class="m_2c47c4fd mantine-CodeHighlight-pre" style="padding:0"><code class="m_5caae6d3 mantine-CodeHighlight-code">import { get } from 'hexlet-http-request'
export default async () => {
const hostname = 'localhost:3000'
const id = await get(`${hostname}/id`)
const group = await get(`${hostname}/group`)
return get(`${hostname}/${group}/${id}`)
}</code></pre></div></div></div><button class="mantine-focus-auto m_c9378bc2 mantine-CodeHighlight-showCodeButton m_87cf2631 mantine-UnstyledButton-root" data-hidden="true" type="button">Expand code</button></div>
<p>Как видите, здесь используется новый синтаксис, но сама структура читается хорошо
даже без его знания. Код выглядит линейным и не использует колбеки.</p>
<p>Дополнительно в курсе будет рассмотрен следующий набор тем:</p>
<ul>
<li>Формат данных <code style="margin-bottom:var(--mantine-spacing-lg)" class="m_dfe9c588 mantine-InlineCodeHighlight-inlineCodeHighlight m_e597c321 mantine-CodeHighlight-codeHighlight m_dfe9c588 mantine-InlineCodeHighlight-inlineCodeHighlight">json</code></li>
<li>Итераторы</li>
<li>Атаки в сети (CSRF)</li>
<li>Модули <code style="margin-bottom:var(--mantine-spacing-lg)" class="m_dfe9c588 mantine-InlineCodeHighlight-inlineCodeHighlight m_e597c321 mantine-CodeHighlight-codeHighlight m_dfe9c588 mantine-InlineCodeHighlight-inlineCodeHighlight">nodejs</code>: <code style="margin-bottom:var(--mantine-spacing-lg)" class="m_dfe9c588 mantine-InlineCodeHighlight-inlineCodeHighlight m_e597c321 mantine-CodeHighlight-codeHighlight m_dfe9c588 mantine-InlineCodeHighlight-inlineCodeHighlight">querystring</code>, <code style="margin-bottom:var(--mantine-spacing-lg)" class="m_dfe9c588 mantine-InlineCodeHighlight-inlineCodeHighlight m_e597c321 mantine-CodeHighlight-codeHighlight m_dfe9c588 mantine-InlineCodeHighlight-inlineCodeHighlight">url</code>, <code style="margin-bottom:var(--mantine-spacing-lg)" class="m_dfe9c588 mantine-InlineCodeHighlight-inlineCodeHighlight m_e597c321 mantine-CodeHighlight-codeHighlight m_dfe9c588 mantine-InlineCodeHighlight-inlineCodeHighlight">http</code></li>
</ul></div></div></div></div><style data-mantine-styles="inline">.__m__-_R_1bdub_{--col-flex-grow:auto;--col-flex-basis:8.333333333333334%;--col-max-width:8.333333333333334%;}@media(min-width: 48em){.__m__-_R_1bdub_{--col-flex-grow:auto;--col-flex-basis:16.666666666666668%;--col-max-width:16.666666666666668%;}}</style><div style="min-width:0rem;height:100%;min-height:0rem" class="m_96bdd299 mantine-Grid-col __m__-_R_1bdub_"><div style="margin-inline:var(--mantine-spacing-xs)" class="mantine-visible-from-sm"><a style="--button-color:var(--mantine-color-white);margin-bottom:var(--mantine-spacing-lg);text-decoration:none" class="mantine-focus-auto m_849cf0da mantine-focus-auto m_77c9d27d mantine-Button-root m_87cf2631 mantine-UnstyledButton-root m_b6d8b162 mantine-Text-root mantine-Anchor-root" data-underline="hover" href="/courses/js-sync/lessons/intro/finish_unit?unit=theory" data-disabled="true" data-block="true" disabled=""><span class="m_80f1301b mantine-Button-inner"><span class="m_811560b9 mantine-Button-label"><span style="margin-inline-end:var(--mantine-spacing-xs)" class="mantine-focus-auto m_b6d8b162 mantine-Text-root">Дальше</span>→</span></span></a><a style="padding-inline:0rem" class="mantine-focus-auto m_f0824112 mantine-NavLink-root m_87cf2631 mantine-UnstyledButton-root"><span class="m_690090b5 mantine-NavLink-section" data-position="left"><div style="--ti-size:var(--ti-size-sm);--ti-bg:transparent;--ti-color:var(--mantine-color-indigo-light-color);--ti-bd:calc(0.0625rem * var(--mantine-scale)) solid transparent;color:inherit" class="m_7341320d mantine-ThemeIcon-root" data-variant="transparent" data-size="sm"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="tabler-icon tabler-icon-list-numbers "><path d="M11 6h9"></path><path d="M11 12h9"></path><path d="M12 18h8"></path><path d="M4 16a2 2 0 1 1 4 0c0 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