Rivalry2

Ruby
2026-02-26 22:25 Diff
https://ru.hexlet.io/courses/ruby-basics/lessons/conditions/theory_unit
Логический тип в Ruby представлен привычными значениями true и false, а также набором операторов && (и), == (равно), || (или) и ! (не):
В отличие от многих других языков сравнение с логическим значением в Ruby строгое, то есть true и false равны только самим себе:
Что не отменяет возможности использовать в логических выражениях значения любых типов:
В Ruby только nil и false рассматриваются как falsy, все остальные значения в логических выражениях приводятся к true.
Значение по умолчанию

В Ruby широко используется такой код:
Он используется для задания значения по умолчанию. Такое возможно и почти всегда безопасно из-за очень ограниченного списка falsy значений. Единственное место, где этот способ не сработает — где false — это допустимое значение.
Предикаты

В Ruby в отличие от большинства других языков принято использовать предикаты практически для всех часто встречающихся проверок. Например, как мы обычно проверяем, что число равно нулю? С помощью сравнения с нулем. В Ruby это тоже работает, но это не Ruby Way:
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<link rel="preload" as="image" href="https://hexlet.io/rails/active_storage/representations/proxy/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsiZGF0YSI6MTExODcsInB1ciI6ImJsb2JfaWQifX0=--21b225d5b1f2f885f46e9ef4e79641fbea2f76dc/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsiZGF0YSI6eyJmb3JtYXQiOiJ3ZWJwIiwicmVzaXplX3RvX2xpbWl0IjpbNDAwLDQwMF0sInNhdmVyIjp7InF1YWxpdHkiOjg1fX0sInB1ciI6InZhcmlhdGlvbiJ9fQ==--5b6f46dacd1af664f27558553a58076185091823/Coding%20workshop-bro.webp"/><link rel="preload" as="image" href="/vite/assets/development-BVihs_d5.png"/><div id="app" data-page="{&quot;component&quot;:&quot;web/courses/lessons/theory_unit&quot;,&quot;props&quot;:{&quot;errors&quot;:{},&quot;locale&quot;:&quot;ru&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;ru&quot;,&quot;httpsHost&quot;:&quot;https://ru.hexlet.io&quot;,&quot;host&quot;:&quot;ru.hexlet.io&quot;,&quot;colorScheme&quot;:&quot;light&quot;,&quot;auth&quot;:{&quot;user&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:null,&quot;last_viewed_notification_id&quot;:null,&quot;email&quot;:null,&quot;state&quot;:null,&quot;first_name&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;last_name&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_at&quot;:&quot;2026-02-26T22:25:02.464Z&quot;,&quot;current_program&quot;:null,&quot;current_team&quot;:null,&quot;full_name&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;guest&quot;:true,&quot;can_use_paid_features&quot;:false,&quot;is_hexlet_employee&quot;:false,&quot;sanitized_phone_number&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;can_subscribe&quot;:true,&quot;can_renew_education&quot;:false}},&quot;cloudflareTurnstileSiteKey&quot;:&quot;0x4AAAAAAA15KmeFXzd2H0Xo&quot;,&quot;vkIdClientId&quot;:&quot;51586979&quot;,&quot;yandexIdClientId&quot;:&quot;88d071f1d3384eb4bd1deb37910235c7&quot;,&quot;formAuthToken&quot;:&quot;GqSTew4GdKOqvRVJ9LwJ2j5AwKIX5yPqxLEIOdDqP_j1dVhM_HjZwxz-MdH4s_mt_kntCB_Q3Uh5UZJtgu3Ylg&quot;,&quot;topics&quot;:[],&quot;lesson&quot;:{&quot;exercise&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:1967,&quot;slug&quot;:&quot;ruby_basics_conditions&quot;,&quot;name&quot;:null,&quot;state&quot;:&quot;active&quot;,&quot;kind&quot;:&quot;exercise&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;ruby&quot;,&quot;locale&quot;:&quot;ru&quot;,&quot;has_web_view&quot;:false,&quot;has_test_view&quot;:false,&quot;reviewable&quot;:true,&quot;readme&quot;:&quot;## solution.rb\n\nРеализуйте функцию предикат `even?`, которая проверяет, является ли переданное число чётным. Функция должна возвращать `true`, если число чётное и `false`, если не чётное. Не используйте встроенные функции для определения четности:\n\n```ruby\neven?(5) # false\neven?(6) # true\n```\n&quot;,&quot;prepared_readme&quot;:&quot;## solution.rb\n\nРеализуйте функцию предикат `even?`, которая проверяет, является ли переданное число чётным. Функция должна возвращать `true`, если число чётное и `false`, если не чётное. Не используйте встроенные функции для определения четности:\n\n```ruby\neven?(5) # false\neven?(6) # true\n```\n&quot;,&quot;has_solution&quot;:true,&quot;entity_name&quot;:&quot;Логический тип&quot;},&quot;units&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:6401,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;theory&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/courses/ruby-basics/lessons/conditions/theory_unit&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:7011,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;quiz&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/courses/ruby-basics/lessons/conditions/quiz_unit&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:6416,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;exercise&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/courses/ruby-basics/lessons/conditions/exercise_unit&quot;}],&quot;links&quot;:[],&quot;ordered_units&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:6401,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;theory&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/courses/ruby-basics/lessons/conditions/theory_unit&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:7011,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;quiz&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/courses/ruby-basics/lessons/conditions/quiz_unit&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:6416,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;exercise&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/courses/ruby-basics/lessons/conditions/exercise_unit&quot;}],&quot;id&quot;:2808,&quot;slug&quot;:&quot;conditions&quot;,&quot;state&quot;:&quot;approved&quot;,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Логический тип&quot;,&quot;course_order&quot;:270,&quot;goal&quot;:&quot;Знакомимся с логическим типом в Ruby и операторами сравнения и популярными предикатами&quot;,&quot;self_study&quot;:null,&quot;theory_video_provider&quot;:null,&quot;theory_video_uid&quot;:null,&quot;theory&quot;:&quot;Логический тип в Ruby представлен привычными значениями `true` и `false`, а также набором операторов `&amp;&amp;` (и), `==` (равно), `||` (или) и `!` (не):\n\n```ruby\ntrue &amp;&amp; false # false\nfalse || true # true\n```\n\nВ отличие от многих других языков сравнение с логическим значением в Ruby строгое, то есть `true` и `false` равны только самим себе:\n\n```ruby\ntrue == 1 # false\nfalse == nil # false\n```\n\nЧто не отменяет возможности использовать в логических выражениях значения любых типов:\n\n```ruby\n0 &amp;&amp; &#x27;one&#x27; # \&quot;one\&quot;\nnil &amp;&amp; false # nil\n```\n\nВ Ruby только `nil` и `false` рассматриваются как **falsy**, все остальные значения в логических выражениях приводятся к `true`.\n\n## Значение по умолчанию\n\nВ Ruby широко используется такой код:\n\n```ruby\na ||= &#x27;что-то&#x27;\n# a = a || &#x27;что-то&#x27;\n```\n\nОн используется для задания значения по умолчанию. Такое возможно и почти всегда безопасно из-за очень ограниченного списка **falsy** значений. Единственное место, где этот способ не сработает — где `false` — это допустимое значение.\n\n## Предикаты\n\nВ Ruby в отличие от большинства других языков принято использовать предикаты практически для всех часто встречающихся проверок. Например, как мы обычно проверяем, что число равно нулю? С помощью сравнения с нулем. В Ruby это тоже работает, но это не Ruby Way:\n\n```ruby\n0.zero? # true\n1.zero? # false\n2.positive? # true\n\n# чётное/нечётное\n8.even? # true\n8.odd? # false\n\n&#x27;&#x27;.empty? # true\n&#x27;wow&#x27;.empty? # false\n\nsomething.nil?\n\n# не пустой массив\nitems.any?\n# пустой массив\nitems.empty?\n```\n&quot;},&quot;lessonMember&quot;:null,&quot;courseMember&quot;:null,&quot;course&quot;:{&quot;start_lesson&quot;:{&quot;exercise&quot;:null,&quot;units&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:7191,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;theory&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/courses/ruby-basics/lessons/intro/theory_unit&quot;}],&quot;links&quot;:[],&quot;ordered_units&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:7191,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;theory&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/courses/ruby-basics/lessons/intro/theory_unit&quot;}],&quot;id&quot;:3209,&quot;slug&quot;:&quot;intro&quot;,&quot;state&quot;:&quot;approved&quot;,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Введение&quot;,&quot;course_order&quot;:50,&quot;goal&quot;:&quot;Знакомимся с курсом&quot;,&quot;self_study&quot;:null,&quot;theory_video_provider&quot;:null,&quot;theory_video_uid&quot;:null,&quot;theory&quot;:&quot;Ruby — язык, созданный для того, чтобы программисты были счастливы. 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var(--mantine-color-orange-0);--mantine-color-orange-outline: var(--mantine-color-orange-1);--mantine-color-orange-outline-hover: rgba(255, 232, 204, 0.05);--app-cta-gradient: linear-gradient(90deg, var(--mantine-color-blue-9) 0%, var(--mantine-color-cyan-7) 100%);--app-color-surface: #2e2e2e;}

:root[data-mantine-color-scheme="light"], :host([data-mantine-color-scheme="light"]){--mantine-color-anchor: var(--mantine-color-text);--mantine-color-dimmed: #495057;--mantine-color-red-light: rgba(224, 40, 41, 0.1);--mantine-color-red-light-hover: rgba(224, 40, 41, 0.12);--mantine-color-red-outline-hover: rgba(224, 40, 41, 0.05);--mantine-color-violet-light: rgba(176, 9, 255, 0.1);--mantine-color-violet-light-hover: rgba(176, 9, 255, 0.12);--mantine-color-violet-outline-hover: rgba(176, 9, 255, 0.05);--mantine-color-indigo-light: rgba(45, 42, 223, 0.1);--mantine-color-indigo-light-hover: rgba(45, 42, 223, 0.12);--mantine-color-indigo-outline-hover: rgba(45, 42, 223, 0.05);--mantine-color-cyan-light: rgba(0, 194, 255, 0.1);--mantine-color-cyan-light-hover: rgba(0, 194, 255, 0.12);--mantine-color-cyan-outline-hover: rgba(0, 194, 255, 0.05);--mantine-color-green-light: rgba(63, 204, 84, 0.1);--mantine-color-green-light-hover: rgba(63, 204, 84, 0.12);--mantine-color-green-outline-hover: 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{.mantine-hidden-from-lg {display: none !important;}}@media (max-width: 87.99375em) {.mantine-visible-from-xl {display: none !important;}}@media (min-width: 88em) {.mantine-hidden-from-xl {display: none !important;}}</style><div style="position:absolute;top:0rem" class=""></div><div style="max-width:var(--container-size-xl);height:100%;min-height:0rem" class=""><style data-mantine-styles="inline">.__m__-_R_5ub_{--grid-gutter:0rem;}</style><div style="height:100%;min-height:0rem" class="m_410352e9 mantine-Grid-root __m__-_R_5ub_"><div class="m_dee7bd2f mantine-Grid-inner" style="height:100%"><style data-mantine-styles="inline">.__m__-_R_rdub_{--col-flex-grow:auto;--col-flex-basis:91.66666666666667%;--col-max-width:91.66666666666667%;}@media(min-width: 48em){.__m__-_R_rdub_{--col-flex-grow:auto;--col-flex-basis:83.33333333333334%;--col-max-width:83.33333333333334%;}}</style><div style="min-width:0rem;height:100%;min-height:0rem;display:flex" class="m_96bdd299 mantine-Grid-col __m__-_R_rdub_"><style data-mantine-styles="inline">.__m__-_R_6qrdub_{margin-top:0rem;padding-inline:var(--mantine-spacing-xs);width:100%;}@media(min-width: 48em){.__m__-_R_6qrdub_{margin-top:var(--mantine-spacing-xl);width:80%;}}@media(min-width: 62em){.__m__-_R_6qrdub_{padding-inline:var(--mantine-spacing-xl);}}</style><div style="margin-inline:auto;max-width:var(--mantine-breakpoint-xl)" class="__m__-_R_6qrdub_"><div style="color:var(--mantine-color-dimmed)" class="m_4451eb3a mantine-Center-root" data-inline="true"><div style="--ti-size:var(--ti-size-xs);--ti-bg:transparent;--ti-color:var(--mantine-color-indigo-light-color);--ti-bd:calc(0.0625rem * var(--mantine-scale)) solid transparent;margin-inline-end:calc(0.125rem * var(--mantine-scale));color:inherit" class="m_7341320d mantine-ThemeIcon-root" data-variant="transparent" data-size="xs"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="tabler-icon tabler-icon-lock "><path d="M5 13a2 2 0 0 1 2 -2h10a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v6a2 2 0 0 1 -2 2h-10a2 2 0 0 1 -2 -2v-6"></path><path d="M11 16a1 1 0 1 0 2 0a1 1 0 0 0 -2 0"></path><path d="M8 11v-4a4 4 0 1 1 8 0v4"></path></svg></div><p style="font-size:var(--mantine-font-size-sm)" class="mantine-focus-auto m_b6d8b162 mantine-Text-root">Ruby</p></div><h1 style="--title-fw:var(--mantine-h1-font-weight);--title-lh:var(--mantine-h1-line-height);--title-fz:var(--mantine-h1-font-size);margin-bottom:var(--mantine-spacing-xl)" class="m_8a5d1357 mantine-Title-root" data-order="1">Теория: Логический тип</h1><script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"LearningResource","name":"Логический тип","inLanguage":"ru","isPartOf":{"@type":"LearningResource","name":"Ruby"},"isAccessibleForFree":"False","hasPart":{"@type":"WebPageElement","isAccessibleForFree":"False","cssSelector":".paywalled"}}</script><div class=""><div style="--alert-color:var(--mantine-color-indigo-light-color);margin-bottom:var(--mantine-spacing-lg);font-size:var(--mantine-font-size-lg)" class="m_66836ed3 mantine-Alert-root" id="mantine-_R_remqrdub_" role="alert" aria-describedby="mantine-_R_remqrdub_-body" aria-labelledby="mantine-_R_remqrdub_-title"><div class="m_a5d60502 mantine-Alert-wrapper"><div class="m_667f2a6a mantine-Alert-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="tabler-icon tabler-icon-rocket "><path d="M4 13a8 8 0 0 1 7 7a6 6 0 0 0 3 -5a9 9 0 0 0 6 -8a3 3 0 0 0 -3 -3a9 9 0 0 0 -8 6a6 6 0 0 0 -5 3"></path><path d="M7 14a6 6 0 0 0 -3 6a6 6 0 0 0 6 -3"></path><path d="M14 9a1 1 0 1 0 2 0a1 1 0 1 0 -2 0"></path></svg></div><div class="m_667c2793 mantine-Alert-body"><div class="m_6a03f287 mantine-Alert-title"><span id="mantine-_R_remqrdub_-title" class="m_698f4f23 mantine-Alert-label">Полный доступ к материалам</span></div><div id="mantine-_R_remqrdub_-body" class="m_7fa78076 mantine-Alert-message"><div style="--group-gap:var(--mantine-spacing-md);--group-align:center;--group-justify:space-between;--group-wrap:wrap" class="m_4081bf90 mantine-Group-root"><p class="mantine-focus-auto m_b6d8b162 mantine-Text-root">Зарегистрируйтесь и получите доступ к этому и десяткам других курсов</p><a style="--button-height:var(--button-height-xs);--button-padding-x:var(--button-padding-x-xs);--button-fz:var(--mantine-font-size-xs);--button-bg:linear-gradient(45deg, var(--mantine-color-blue-filled) 0%, var(--mantine-color-cyan-filled) 100%);--button-hover:linear-gradient(45deg, var(--mantine-color-blue-filled) 0%, var(--mantine-color-cyan-filled) 100%);--button-color:var(--mantine-color-white);--button-bd:none" class="mantine-focus-auto mantine-active m_77c9d27d mantine-Button-root m_87cf2631 mantine-UnstyledButton-root" data-variant="gradient" data-size="xs" href="/u/new"><span class="m_80f1301b mantine-Button-inner"><span class="m_811560b9 mantine-Button-label">Зарегистрироваться</span></span></a></div></div></div></div></div><div class="paywalled m_d08caa0 mantine-Typography-root"><p>Логический тип в Ruby представлен привычными значениями <code style="margin-bottom:var(--mantine-spacing-lg)" class="m_dfe9c588 mantine-InlineCodeHighlight-inlineCodeHighlight m_e597c321 mantine-CodeHighlight-codeHighlight m_dfe9c588 mantine-InlineCodeHighlight-inlineCodeHighlight">true</code> и <code style="margin-bottom:var(--mantine-spacing-lg)" class="m_dfe9c588 mantine-InlineCodeHighlight-inlineCodeHighlight m_e597c321 mantine-CodeHighlight-codeHighlight m_dfe9c588 mantine-InlineCodeHighlight-inlineCodeHighlight">false</code>, а также набором операторов <code style="margin-bottom:var(--mantine-spacing-lg)" class="m_dfe9c588 mantine-InlineCodeHighlight-inlineCodeHighlight m_e597c321 mantine-CodeHighlight-codeHighlight m_dfe9c588 mantine-InlineCodeHighlight-inlineCodeHighlight">&amp;&amp;</code> (и), <code style="margin-bottom:var(--mantine-spacing-lg)" class="m_dfe9c588 mantine-InlineCodeHighlight-inlineCodeHighlight m_e597c321 mantine-CodeHighlight-codeHighlight m_dfe9c588 mantine-InlineCodeHighlight-inlineCodeHighlight">==</code> (равно), <code style="margin-bottom:var(--mantine-spacing-lg)" class="m_dfe9c588 mantine-InlineCodeHighlight-inlineCodeHighlight m_e597c321 mantine-CodeHighlight-codeHighlight m_dfe9c588 mantine-InlineCodeHighlight-inlineCodeHighlight">||</code> (или) и <code style="margin-bottom:var(--mantine-spacing-lg)" class="m_dfe9c588 mantine-InlineCodeHighlight-inlineCodeHighlight m_e597c321 mantine-CodeHighlight-codeHighlight m_dfe9c588 mantine-InlineCodeHighlight-inlineCodeHighlight">!</code> (не):</p>
<div style="margin-bottom:var(--mantine-spacing-lg)" class="m_e597c321 mantine-CodeHighlight-codeHighlight" dir="ltr"><div class="m_be7e9c9c mantine-CodeHighlight-controls"><button style="--ai-bg:transparent;--ai-hover:transparent;--ai-color:inherit;--ai-bd:none" class="mantine-focus-auto mantine-active m_d498bab7 mantine-CodeHighlight-control m_8d3f4000 mantine-ActionIcon-root m_87cf2631 mantine-UnstyledButton-root" data-variant="none" type="button" aria-label="Copy code"><span class="m_8d3afb97 mantine-ActionIcon-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke-width="2" stroke="currentColor" fill="none" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path stroke="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z" fill="none"></path><path d="M8 8m0 2a2 2 0 0 1 2 -2h8a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v8a2 2 0 0 1 -2 2h-8a2 2 0 0 1 -2 -2z"></path><path d="M16 8v-2a2 2 0 0 0 -2 -2h-8a2 2 0 0 0 -2 2v8a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2"></path></svg></span></button></div><div style="--scrollarea-scrollbar-size:calc(0.25rem * var(--mantine-scale));--sa-corner-width:0px;--sa-corner-height:0px" class="m_f744fd40 mantine-CodeHighlight-scrollarea m_d57069b5 mantine-ScrollArea-root" dir="ltr"><div style="overflow-x:hidden;overflow-y:hidden;overscroll-behavior-inline:none" class="m_c0783ff9 mantine-ScrollArea-viewport" data-scrollbars="xy"><div class="m_b1336c6 mantine-ScrollArea-content"><pre class="m_2c47c4fd mantine-CodeHighlight-pre" style="padding:0"><code class="m_5caae6d3 mantine-CodeHighlight-code">true &amp;&amp; false # false
false || true # true</code></pre></div></div></div><button class="mantine-focus-auto m_c9378bc2 mantine-CodeHighlight-showCodeButton m_87cf2631 mantine-UnstyledButton-root" data-hidden="true" type="button">Expand code</button></div>
<p>В отличие от многих других языков сравнение с логическим значением в Ruby строгое, то есть <code style="margin-bottom:var(--mantine-spacing-lg)" class="m_dfe9c588 mantine-InlineCodeHighlight-inlineCodeHighlight m_e597c321 mantine-CodeHighlight-codeHighlight m_dfe9c588 mantine-InlineCodeHighlight-inlineCodeHighlight">true</code> и <code style="margin-bottom:var(--mantine-spacing-lg)" class="m_dfe9c588 mantine-InlineCodeHighlight-inlineCodeHighlight m_e597c321 mantine-CodeHighlight-codeHighlight m_dfe9c588 mantine-InlineCodeHighlight-inlineCodeHighlight">false</code> равны только самим себе:</p>
<div style="margin-bottom:var(--mantine-spacing-lg)" class="m_e597c321 mantine-CodeHighlight-codeHighlight" dir="ltr"><div class="m_be7e9c9c mantine-CodeHighlight-controls"><button style="--ai-bg:transparent;--ai-hover:transparent;--ai-color:inherit;--ai-bd:none" class="mantine-focus-auto mantine-active m_d498bab7 mantine-CodeHighlight-control m_8d3f4000 mantine-ActionIcon-root m_87cf2631 mantine-UnstyledButton-root" data-variant="none" type="button" aria-label="Copy code"><span class="m_8d3afb97 mantine-ActionIcon-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke-width="2" stroke="currentColor" fill="none" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path stroke="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z" fill="none"></path><path d="M8 8m0 2a2 2 0 0 1 2 -2h8a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v8a2 2 0 0 1 -2 2h-8a2 2 0 0 1 -2 -2z"></path><path d="M16 8v-2a2 2 0 0 0 -2 -2h-8a2 2 0 0 0 -2 2v8a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2"></path></svg></span></button></div><div style="--scrollarea-scrollbar-size:calc(0.25rem * var(--mantine-scale));--sa-corner-width:0px;--sa-corner-height:0px" class="m_f744fd40 mantine-CodeHighlight-scrollarea m_d57069b5 mantine-ScrollArea-root" dir="ltr"><div style="overflow-x:hidden;overflow-y:hidden;overscroll-behavior-inline:none" class="m_c0783ff9 mantine-ScrollArea-viewport" data-scrollbars="xy"><div class="m_b1336c6 mantine-ScrollArea-content"><pre class="m_2c47c4fd mantine-CodeHighlight-pre" style="padding:0"><code class="m_5caae6d3 mantine-CodeHighlight-code">true == 1 # false
false == nil # false</code></pre></div></div></div><button class="mantine-focus-auto m_c9378bc2 mantine-CodeHighlight-showCodeButton m_87cf2631 mantine-UnstyledButton-root" data-hidden="true" type="button">Expand code</button></div>
<p>Что не отменяет возможности использовать в логических выражениях значения любых типов:</p>
<div style="margin-bottom:var(--mantine-spacing-lg)" class="m_e597c321 mantine-CodeHighlight-codeHighlight" dir="ltr"><div class="m_be7e9c9c mantine-CodeHighlight-controls"><button style="--ai-bg:transparent;--ai-hover:transparent;--ai-color:inherit;--ai-bd:none" class="mantine-focus-auto mantine-active m_d498bab7 mantine-CodeHighlight-control m_8d3f4000 mantine-ActionIcon-root m_87cf2631 mantine-UnstyledButton-root" data-variant="none" type="button" aria-label="Copy code"><span class="m_8d3afb97 mantine-ActionIcon-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke-width="2" stroke="currentColor" fill="none" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path stroke="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z" fill="none"></path><path d="M8 8m0 2a2 2 0 0 1 2 -2h8a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v8a2 2 0 0 1 -2 2h-8a2 2 0 0 1 -2 -2z"></path><path d="M16 8v-2a2 2 0 0 0 -2 -2h-8a2 2 0 0 0 -2 2v8a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2"></path></svg></span></button></div><div style="--scrollarea-scrollbar-size:calc(0.25rem * var(--mantine-scale));--sa-corner-width:0px;--sa-corner-height:0px" class="m_f744fd40 mantine-CodeHighlight-scrollarea m_d57069b5 mantine-ScrollArea-root" dir="ltr"><div style="overflow-x:hidden;overflow-y:hidden;overscroll-behavior-inline:none" class="m_c0783ff9 mantine-ScrollArea-viewport" data-scrollbars="xy"><div class="m_b1336c6 mantine-ScrollArea-content"><pre class="m_2c47c4fd mantine-CodeHighlight-pre" style="padding:0"><code class="m_5caae6d3 mantine-CodeHighlight-code">0 &amp;&amp; &#x27;one&#x27; # &quot;one&quot;
nil &amp;&amp; false # nil</code></pre></div></div></div><button class="mantine-focus-auto m_c9378bc2 mantine-CodeHighlight-showCodeButton m_87cf2631 mantine-UnstyledButton-root" data-hidden="true" type="button">Expand code</button></div>
<p>В Ruby только <code style="margin-bottom:var(--mantine-spacing-lg)" class="m_dfe9c588 mantine-InlineCodeHighlight-inlineCodeHighlight m_e597c321 mantine-CodeHighlight-codeHighlight m_dfe9c588 mantine-InlineCodeHighlight-inlineCodeHighlight">nil</code> и <code style="margin-bottom:var(--mantine-spacing-lg)" class="m_dfe9c588 mantine-InlineCodeHighlight-inlineCodeHighlight m_e597c321 mantine-CodeHighlight-codeHighlight m_dfe9c588 mantine-InlineCodeHighlight-inlineCodeHighlight">false</code> рассматриваются как <strong>falsy</strong>, все остальные значения в логических выражениях приводятся к <code style="margin-bottom:var(--mantine-spacing-lg)" class="m_dfe9c588 mantine-InlineCodeHighlight-inlineCodeHighlight m_e597c321 mantine-CodeHighlight-codeHighlight m_dfe9c588 mantine-InlineCodeHighlight-inlineCodeHighlight">true</code>.</p>
<h2 id="heading-2-1">Значение по умолчанию</h2>
<p>В Ruby широко используется такой код:</p>
<div style="margin-bottom:var(--mantine-spacing-lg)" class="m_e597c321 mantine-CodeHighlight-codeHighlight" dir="ltr"><div class="m_be7e9c9c mantine-CodeHighlight-controls"><button style="--ai-bg:transparent;--ai-hover:transparent;--ai-color:inherit;--ai-bd:none" class="mantine-focus-auto mantine-active m_d498bab7 mantine-CodeHighlight-control m_8d3f4000 mantine-ActionIcon-root m_87cf2631 mantine-UnstyledButton-root" data-variant="none" type="button" aria-label="Copy code"><span class="m_8d3afb97 mantine-ActionIcon-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke-width="2" stroke="currentColor" fill="none" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path stroke="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z" fill="none"></path><path d="M8 8m0 2a2 2 0 0 1 2 -2h8a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v8a2 2 0 0 1 -2 2h-8a2 2 0 0 1 -2 -2z"></path><path d="M16 8v-2a2 2 0 0 0 -2 -2h-8a2 2 0 0 0 -2 2v8a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2"></path></svg></span></button></div><div style="--scrollarea-scrollbar-size:calc(0.25rem * var(--mantine-scale));--sa-corner-width:0px;--sa-corner-height:0px" class="m_f744fd40 mantine-CodeHighlight-scrollarea m_d57069b5 mantine-ScrollArea-root" dir="ltr"><div style="overflow-x:hidden;overflow-y:hidden;overscroll-behavior-inline:none" class="m_c0783ff9 mantine-ScrollArea-viewport" data-scrollbars="xy"><div class="m_b1336c6 mantine-ScrollArea-content"><pre class="m_2c47c4fd mantine-CodeHighlight-pre" style="padding:0"><code class="m_5caae6d3 mantine-CodeHighlight-code">a ||= &#x27;что-то&#x27;
# a = a || &#x27;что-то&#x27;</code></pre></div></div></div><button class="mantine-focus-auto m_c9378bc2 mantine-CodeHighlight-showCodeButton m_87cf2631 mantine-UnstyledButton-root" data-hidden="true" type="button">Expand code</button></div>
<p>Он используется для задания значения по умолчанию. Такое возможно и почти всегда безопасно из-за очень ограниченного списка <strong>falsy</strong> значений. Единственное место, где этот способ не сработает — где <code style="margin-bottom:var(--mantine-spacing-lg)" class="m_dfe9c588 mantine-InlineCodeHighlight-inlineCodeHighlight m_e597c321 mantine-CodeHighlight-codeHighlight m_dfe9c588 mantine-InlineCodeHighlight-inlineCodeHighlight">false</code> — это допустимое значение.</p>
<h2 id="heading-2-2">Предикаты</h2>
<p>В Ruby в отличие от большинства других языков принято использовать предикаты практически для всех часто встречающихся проверок. Например, как мы обычно проверяем, что число равно нулю? С помощью сравнения с нулем. В Ruby это тоже работает, но это не Ruby Way:</p>
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1.zero? # false
2.positive? # true

# чётное/нечётное
8.even? # true
8.odd? # false

&#x27;&#x27;.empty? # true
&#x27;wow&#x27;.empty? # false

something.nil?

# не пустой массив
items.any?
# пустой массив
items.empty?</code></pre></div></div></div><button class="mantine-focus-auto m_c9378bc2 mantine-CodeHighlight-showCodeButton m_87cf2631 mantine-UnstyledButton-root" data-hidden="true" type="button">Expand code</button></div></div><div style="margin-block:var(--mantine-spacing-xl)" class=""><h2 style="--title-fw:var(--mantine-h2-font-weight);--title-lh:var(--mantine-h2-line-height);--title-fz:var(--mantine-h2-font-size);margin-bottom:var(--mantine-spacing-md)" class="m_8a5d1357 mantine-Title-root" data-order="2">Рекомендуемые программы</h2><style data-mantine-styles="inline">.__m__-_R_2mremqrdub_{--carousel-slide-gap:var(--mantine-spacing-xs);--carousel-slide-size:70%;}@media(min-width: 36em){.__m__-_R_2mremqrdub_{--carousel-slide-gap:var(--mantine-spacing-xl);--carousel-slide-size:50%;}}</style><div style="--carousel-control-size:calc(2.5rem * 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