Rivalry2

Ruby
2026-02-26 16:59 Diff
https://ru.hexlet.io/courses/ruby-basics/lessons/arrays-basics/theory_unit
Полный доступ к материалам
Массивы в Ruby работают так же, как и массивы в любых других динамических языках. Отличия в основном в некоторых синтаксических конструкциях и в большом количестве встроенных методов. Основные операции:
Массивы в Ruby передаются по ссылке, как в Python и JavaScript. Но в отличие от JavaScript сравнение массивов идёт по значениям:
Для обхода массивов в Ruby используется метод each(). По принципу работы он похож на times(), но применяется к коллекциям. each() принимает блок, который вызывается для каждого элемента коллекции. Внутрь блока передаётся текущий элемент.
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<link rel="preload" as="image" href="https://hexlet.io/rails/active_storage/representations/proxy/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsiZGF0YSI6MTExODcsInB1ciI6ImJsb2JfaWQifX0=--21b225d5b1f2f885f46e9ef4e79641fbea2f76dc/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsiZGF0YSI6eyJmb3JtYXQiOiJ3ZWJwIiwicmVzaXplX3RvX2xpbWl0IjpbNDAwLDQwMF0sInNhdmVyIjp7InF1YWxpdHkiOjg1fX0sInB1ciI6InZhcmlhdGlvbiJ9fQ==--5b6f46dacd1af664f27558553a58076185091823/Coding%20workshop-bro.webp"/><link rel="preload" as="image" href="/vite/assets/development-BVihs_d5.png"/><div id="app" data-page="{&quot;component&quot;:&quot;web/courses/lessons/theory_unit&quot;,&quot;props&quot;:{&quot;errors&quot;:{},&quot;locale&quot;:&quot;ru&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;ru&quot;,&quot;httpsHost&quot;:&quot;https://ru.hexlet.io&quot;,&quot;host&quot;:&quot;ru.hexlet.io&quot;,&quot;colorScheme&quot;:&quot;light&quot;,&quot;auth&quot;:{&quot;user&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:null,&quot;last_viewed_notification_id&quot;:null,&quot;email&quot;:null,&quot;state&quot;:null,&quot;first_name&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;last_name&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_at&quot;:&quot;2026-02-26T16:59:02.454Z&quot;,&quot;current_program&quot;:null,&quot;current_team&quot;:null,&quot;full_name&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;guest&quot;:true,&quot;can_use_paid_features&quot;:false,&quot;is_hexlet_employee&quot;:false,&quot;sanitized_phone_number&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;can_subscribe&quot;:true,&quot;can_renew_education&quot;:false}},&quot;cloudflareTurnstileSiteKey&quot;:&quot;0x4AAAAAAA15KmeFXzd2H0Xo&quot;,&quot;vkIdClientId&quot;:&quot;51586979&quot;,&quot;yandexIdClientId&quot;:&quot;88d071f1d3384eb4bd1deb37910235c7&quot;,&quot;formAuthToken&quot;:&quot;VQjb8HZHJPFk-47eCAH8FNwtjx0vBaMyfQJuzpaFe8G62RDHhDmJkdK4qkYEDgxjHCSitycyXZDA4vSaxIKcrw&quot;,&quot;topics&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:77590,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;решил упражнение.\nполучается, здесь принципиально важно, в каком порядке делается проверка на вхождение в массив?\nпотому что если проверять, входит ли элемент первого массива во второй, и добавлять его в результирующий, то все ок.\nа если проверять вхождение элемента второго массива в первый, то не ок, потому что [1, 3] != [3, 1]...\nэто баг или фича?\n&quot;,&quot;plain_title&quot;:&quot;решил упражнение. получается, здесь принципиально важно, в каком порядке делается проверка на вхождение в массив? потому что если проверять, входит ли элемент первого массива во второй, и добавлять его в результирующий, то все ок. а если проверять вхождение элемента второго массива в первый, то не ок, потому что [1, 3] != [3, 1]... это баг или фича? &quot;,&quot;creator&quot;:{&quot;public_name&quot;:&quot;Владислав Алексеевский&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:500609,&quot;is_tutor&quot;:false},&quot;comments&quot;:[{&quot;creator&quot;:{&quot;public_name&quot;:&quot;Aleksandr Litvinov&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:117182,&quot;is_tutor&quot;:true},&quot;id&quot;:160812,&quot;body&quot;:&quot;Да, именно в этом задании порядок проверки важен. Но вообще это решается тем, что на вход функции должны приходить отсортированные элементы.&quot;,&quot;topic_id&quot;:77590},{&quot;creator&quot;:{&quot;public_name&quot;:&quot;Владислав Алексеевский&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:500609,&quot;is_tutor&quot;:false},&quot;id&quot;:160813,&quot;body&quot;:&quot;Понял, спасибо. Ценное замечание по требованиям к проектированию.&quot;,&quot;topic_id&quot;:77590}],&quot;communitable&quot;:{&quot;parent_entity_name&quot;:null,&quot;parent_entity_url&quot;:null,&quot;entity_name&quot;:&quot;Массивы&quot;,&quot;entity_url&quot;:null,&quot;active&quot;:true}},{&quot;id&quot;:77589,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;в вопросе 2 теста, там, где надо \n```\nподставить item в строку с result,\n```\n есть ненужная непарная закрывающая кавычка.\nмы же работаем с числами, а не со строками, верно?&quot;,&quot;plain_title&quot;:&quot;в вопросе 2 теста, там, где надо   подставить item в строку с result,   есть ненужная непарная закрывающая кавычка. мы же работаем с числами, а не со строками, верно? &quot;,&quot;creator&quot;:{&quot;public_name&quot;:&quot;Владислав Алексеевский&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:500609,&quot;is_tutor&quot;:false},&quot;comments&quot;:[{&quot;creator&quot;:{&quot;public_name&quot;:&quot;Aleksandr Litvinov&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:117182,&quot;is_tutor&quot;:true},&quot;id&quot;:160799,&quot;body&quot;:&quot;Спасибо, убрал кавычку, он лишняя.\n\nДа, здесь происходит работа с числами.&quot;,&quot;topic_id&quot;:77589}],&quot;communitable&quot;:{&quot;parent_entity_name&quot;:null,&quot;parent_entity_url&quot;:null,&quot;entity_name&quot;:&quot;Массивы&quot;,&quot;entity_url&quot;:null,&quot;active&quot;:true}},{&quot;id&quot;:102888,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;В тесты нужно добавить сортировку, чтобы порядок элементов в результирующем массиве не играл роли:\n\n`assert { intersection([1, 3, 8], [9, 3, 1]).sort == [1, 3] }`&quot;,&quot;plain_title&quot;:&quot;В тесты нужно добавить сортировку, чтобы порядок элементов в результирующем массиве не играл роли: assert { intersection([1, 3, 8], [9, 3, 1]).sort == [1, 3] } &quot;,&quot;creator&quot;:{&quot;public_name&quot;:&quot;Roman Makarov&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:181967,&quot;is_tutor&quot;:false},&quot;comments&quot;:[{&quot;creator&quot;:{&quot;public_name&quot;:&quot;Maksim Litvinov&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:198906,&quot;is_tutor&quot;:true},&quot;id&quot;:195310,&quot;body&quot;:&quot;Спасибо, добавил&quot;,&quot;topic_id&quot;:102888}],&quot;communitable&quot;:{&quot;parent_entity_name&quot;:null,&quot;parent_entity_url&quot;:null,&quot;entity_name&quot;:&quot;Массивы&quot;,&quot;entity_url&quot;:null,&quot;active&quot;:true}}],&quot;lesson&quot;:{&quot;exercise&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:1981,&quot;slug&quot;:&quot;ruby_basics_arrays_basics&quot;,&quot;name&quot;:null,&quot;state&quot;:&quot;active&quot;,&quot;kind&quot;:&quot;exercise&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;ruby&quot;,&quot;locale&quot;:&quot;ru&quot;,&quot;has_web_view&quot;:false,&quot;has_test_view&quot;:false,&quot;reviewable&quot;:true,&quot;readme&quot;:&quot;## solution.rb\n\nНапишите функцию `intersection()`, которая находит пересечение двух массивов. Под пересечением понимается новый массив, который состоит из элементов, входящих одновременно в оба исходных массива:\n\n```ruby\nintersection([1, 3, 8], [9, 3, 1]) # [1, 3]\nintersection([8], [5, 0]) # []\n```\n&quot;,&quot;prepared_readme&quot;:&quot;## solution.rb\n\nНапишите функцию `intersection()`, которая находит пересечение двух массивов. Под пересечением понимается новый массив, который состоит из элементов, входящих одновременно в оба исходных массива:\n\n```ruby\nintersection([1, 3, 8], [9, 3, 1]) # [1, 3]\nintersection([8], [5, 0]) # []\n```\n&quot;,&quot;has_solution&quot;:true,&quot;entity_name&quot;:&quot;Массивы&quot;},&quot;units&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:6436,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;theory&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/courses/ruby-basics/lessons/arrays-basics/theory_unit&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:7021,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;quiz&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/courses/ruby-basics/lessons/arrays-basics/quiz_unit&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:6452,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;exercise&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/courses/ruby-basics/lessons/arrays-basics/exercise_unit&quot;}],&quot;links&quot;:[],&quot;ordered_units&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:6436,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;theory&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/courses/ruby-basics/lessons/arrays-basics/theory_unit&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:7021,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;quiz&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/courses/ruby-basics/lessons/arrays-basics/quiz_unit&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:6452,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;exercise&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/courses/ruby-basics/lessons/arrays-basics/exercise_unit&quot;}],&quot;id&quot;:2819,&quot;slug&quot;:&quot;arrays-basics&quot;,&quot;state&quot;:&quot;approved&quot;,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Массивы&quot;,&quot;course_order&quot;:700,&quot;goal&quot;:&quot;Знакомимся с массивами в Ruby&quot;,&quot;self_study&quot;:null,&quot;theory_video_provider&quot;:null,&quot;theory_video_uid&quot;:null,&quot;theory&quot;:&quot;Массивы в Ruby работают так же, как и массивы в любых других динамических языках. Отличия в основном в некоторых синтаксических конструкциях и в большом количестве встроенных методов. Основные операции:\n\n```ruby\nitems = [1, 2]\n\n# Добавление в конец\nitems &lt;&lt; 3 # [1, 2, 3]\n# Добавление в начало\nitems.unshift 5 # [5, 1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.first # 5\n# Последний элемент\nitems.last # 3\n\nitems.length # 4\n# не пустой?\nitems.any? # true\n# пустой?\nitems.empty? # false\n\n# входит ли value в items\nitems.include? value\n\n# Обращение к несуществующему элементу возвращает nil\nitems[5] # nil\n\nitems.sum # 11\n```\n\nМассивы в Ruby передаются по ссылке, как в Python и JavaScript. Но в отличие от JavaScript сравнение массивов идёт по значениям:\n\n```ruby\nitems = [1, 2]\nitems == [1, 2] # true\n```\n\nДля обхода массивов в Ruby используется метод `each()`. По принципу работы он похож на `times()`, но применяется к коллекциям. `each()` принимает блок, который вызывается для каждого элемента коллекции. Внутрь блока передаётся текущий элемент.\n\n```ruby\n# Сбор в строчку\nitems = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = &#x27;&#x27;\nitems.each do |item|\n  result = \&quot;{result}{item}\&quot;\nend\nputs result # =&gt; 123\n```\n&quot;},&quot;lessonMember&quot;:null,&quot;courseMember&quot;:null,&quot;course&quot;:{&quot;start_lesson&quot;:{&quot;exercise&quot;:null,&quot;units&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:7191,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;theory&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/courses/ruby-basics/lessons/intro/theory_unit&quot;}],&quot;links&quot;:[],&quot;ordered_units&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:7191,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;theory&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/courses/ruby-basics/lessons/intro/theory_unit&quot;}],&quot;id&quot;:3209,&quot;slug&quot;:&quot;intro&quot;,&quot;state&quot;:&quot;approved&quot;,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Введение&quot;,&quot;course_order&quot;:50,&quot;goal&quot;:&quot;Знакомимся с курсом&quot;,&quot;self_study&quot;:null,&quot;theory_video_provider&quot;:null,&quot;theory_video_uid&quot;:null,&quot;theory&quot;:&quot;Ruby — язык, созданный для того, чтобы программисты были счастливы. Он взял в себя лучшее из Lisp, Smalltalk и Perl — он объектно-ориентирован, но в то же время его декларативность позволяет писать в процедурной и функциональной парадигме.\n\nЛаконичный код, отсутствие шума и богатые возможности делают Ruby одним из самых \&quot;быстрых\&quot; языков для написания кода.\n\nПрофессия разработчик на Ruby on Rails на Хекслете дает все необходимые знания и навыки для трудоустройства. С этого курса начинается погружение в сам язык.\n\nКурс включает в себя основы программирования на Ruby. Также в нем объясняются такие вещи, как особенности самого Ruby, его отличия от других языков, рассказывается о функциональном программировании, тестировании, метапрограммировании и многом другом.\n\nЦели данного курса:\n\n* Познакомиться с основными конструкциями языка\n* Научиться работать в среде Хекслета, разобраться со структурой практических заданий\n* Познакомиться с отладкой и научиться эффективно ее выполнять\n&quot;},&quot;id&quot;:232,&quot;slug&quot;:&quot;ruby-basics&quot;,&quot;challenges_count&quot;:10,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Ruby&quot;,&quot;allow_indexing&quot;:true,&quot;state&quot;:&quot;approved&quot;,&quot;course_state&quot;:&quot;finished&quot;,&quot;pricing_type&quot;:&quot;paid&quot;,&quot;description&quot;:&quot;На этом курсе вы изучите основы языка Ruby. Вы познакомитесь с экосистемой Ruby, ключевыми возможностями языка, а также узнаете о объектно-ориентированном программировании и метапрограммировании. В итоге научитесь использовать и определять функции, писать несложные программы, искать и анализировать ошибки в коде. Знания из этого курса помогут получить основное представление о языке Ruby, его принципах и особенностях.&quot;,&quot;kind&quot;:&quot;basic&quot;,&quot;updated_at&quot;:&quot;2026-01-20T11:54:35.251Z&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;ruby&quot;,&quot;duration_cache&quot;:151680,&quot;skills&quot;:[&quot;Синтаксису Ruby&quot;,&quot;Использовать коллекции&quot;,&quot;Писать в функциональном стиле&quot;,&quot;Тестировать свой код&quot;,&quot;Писать программы, которые могут менять свое поведение во время выполнения&quot;,&quot;Разбираться в богатой экосистеме 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#caf5ff;--mantine-color-cyan-2: #99e8ff;--mantine-color-cyan-3: #64daff;--mantine-color-cyan-4: #3ccffe;--mantine-color-cyan-5: #24c8fe;--mantine-color-cyan-6: #00c2ff;--mantine-color-cyan-7: #00ade4;--mantine-color-cyan-8: #009acd;--mantine-color-cyan-9: #0085b5;--mantine-color-green-0: #e9fdec;--mantine-color-green-1: #d7f6dc;--mantine-color-green-2: #b0eab9;--mantine-color-green-3: #86df94;--mantine-color-green-4: #62d574;--mantine-color-green-5: #4ccf5f;--mantine-color-green-6: #3fcc54;--mantine-color-green-7: #2fb344;--mantine-color-green-8: #25a03b;--mantine-color-green-9: #138a2e;--mantine-color-yellow-0: #fff7e2;--mantine-color-yellow-1: #ffeecd;--mantine-color-yellow-2: #ffdc9c;--mantine-color-yellow-3: #ffc966;--mantine-color-yellow-4: #feb93a;--mantine-color-yellow-5: #feae1e;--mantine-color-yellow-6: #ffa90f;--mantine-color-yellow-8: #ca8200;--mantine-color-yellow-9: #af7000;--mantine-h1-font-size: clamp(28.0000px, calc(23.6364px + 1.3636vw), 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0.05);--mantine-color-teal-filled: var(--mantine-color-teal-5);--mantine-color-teal-filled-hover: var(--mantine-color-teal-6);--mantine-color-teal-light: rgba(99, 230, 190, 0.15);--mantine-color-teal-light-hover: rgba(99, 230, 190, 0.2);--mantine-color-teal-light-color: var(--mantine-color-teal-0);--mantine-color-teal-outline: var(--mantine-color-teal-1);--mantine-color-teal-outline-hover: rgba(195, 250, 232, 0.05);--mantine-color-green-filled: var(--mantine-color-green-5);--mantine-color-green-filled-hover: var(--mantine-color-green-6);--mantine-color-green-light: rgba(134, 223, 148, 0.15);--mantine-color-green-light-hover: rgba(134, 223, 148, 0.2);--mantine-color-green-light-color: var(--mantine-color-green-0);--mantine-color-green-outline: var(--mantine-color-green-1);--mantine-color-green-outline-hover: rgba(215, 246, 220, 0.05);--mantine-color-lime-filled: var(--mantine-color-lime-5);--mantine-color-lime-filled-hover: var(--mantine-color-lime-6);--mantine-color-lime-light: 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:root[data-mantine-color-scheme="light"], :host([data-mantine-color-scheme="light"]){--mantine-color-anchor: var(--mantine-color-text);--mantine-color-dimmed: #495057;--mantine-color-red-light: rgba(224, 40, 41, 0.1);--mantine-color-red-light-hover: rgba(224, 40, 41, 0.12);--mantine-color-red-outline-hover: rgba(224, 40, 41, 0.05);--mantine-color-violet-light: rgba(176, 9, 255, 0.1);--mantine-color-violet-light-hover: rgba(176, 9, 255, 0.12);--mantine-color-violet-outline-hover: rgba(176, 9, 255, 0.05);--mantine-color-indigo-light: rgba(45, 42, 223, 0.1);--mantine-color-indigo-light-hover: rgba(45, 42, 223, 0.12);--mantine-color-indigo-outline-hover: rgba(45, 42, 223, 0.05);--mantine-color-cyan-light: rgba(0, 194, 255, 0.1);--mantine-color-cyan-light-hover: rgba(0, 194, 255, 0.12);--mantine-color-cyan-outline-hover: rgba(0, 194, 255, 0.05);--mantine-color-green-light: rgba(63, 204, 84, 0.1);--mantine-color-green-light-hover: rgba(63, 204, 84, 0.12);--mantine-color-green-outline-hover: 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{.mantine-hidden-from-lg {display: none !important;}}@media (max-width: 87.99375em) {.mantine-visible-from-xl {display: none !important;}}@media (min-width: 88em) {.mantine-hidden-from-xl {display: none !important;}}</style><div style="position:absolute;top:0rem" class=""></div><div style="max-width:var(--container-size-xl);height:100%;min-height:0rem" class=""><style data-mantine-styles="inline">.__m__-_R_5ub_{--grid-gutter:0rem;}</style><div style="height:100%;min-height:0rem" class="m_410352e9 mantine-Grid-root __m__-_R_5ub_"><div class="m_dee7bd2f mantine-Grid-inner" style="height:100%"><style data-mantine-styles="inline">.__m__-_R_rdub_{--col-flex-grow:auto;--col-flex-basis:91.66666666666667%;--col-max-width:91.66666666666667%;}@media(min-width: 48em){.__m__-_R_rdub_{--col-flex-grow:auto;--col-flex-basis:83.33333333333334%;--col-max-width:83.33333333333334%;}}</style><div style="min-width:0rem;height:100%;min-height:0rem;display:flex" class="m_96bdd299 mantine-Grid-col __m__-_R_rdub_"><style data-mantine-styles="inline">.__m__-_R_6qrdub_{margin-top:0rem;padding-inline:var(--mantine-spacing-xs);width:100%;}@media(min-width: 48em){.__m__-_R_6qrdub_{margin-top:var(--mantine-spacing-xl);width:80%;}}@media(min-width: 62em){.__m__-_R_6qrdub_{padding-inline:var(--mantine-spacing-xl);}}</style><div style="margin-inline:auto;max-width:var(--mantine-breakpoint-xl)" class="__m__-_R_6qrdub_"><div style="color:var(--mantine-color-dimmed)" class="m_4451eb3a mantine-Center-root" data-inline="true"><div style="--ti-size:var(--ti-size-xs);--ti-bg:transparent;--ti-color:var(--mantine-color-indigo-light-color);--ti-bd:calc(0.0625rem * var(--mantine-scale)) solid transparent;margin-inline-end:calc(0.125rem * var(--mantine-scale));color:inherit" class="m_7341320d mantine-ThemeIcon-root" data-variant="transparent" data-size="xs"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="tabler-icon tabler-icon-lock "><path d="M5 13a2 2 0 0 1 2 -2h10a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v6a2 2 0 0 1 -2 2h-10a2 2 0 0 1 -2 -2v-6"></path><path d="M11 16a1 1 0 1 0 2 0a1 1 0 0 0 -2 0"></path><path d="M8 11v-4a4 4 0 1 1 8 0v4"></path></svg></div><p style="font-size:var(--mantine-font-size-sm)" class="mantine-focus-auto m_b6d8b162 mantine-Text-root">Ruby</p></div><h1 style="--title-fw:var(--mantine-h1-font-weight);--title-lh:var(--mantine-h1-line-height);--title-fz:var(--mantine-h1-font-size);margin-bottom:var(--mantine-spacing-xl)" class="m_8a5d1357 mantine-Title-root" data-order="1">Теория: Массивы</h1><script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"LearningResource","name":"Массивы","inLanguage":"ru","isPartOf":{"@type":"LearningResource","name":"Ruby"},"isAccessibleForFree":"False","hasPart":{"@type":"WebPageElement","isAccessibleForFree":"False","cssSelector":".paywalled"}}</script><div class=""><div style="--alert-color:var(--mantine-color-indigo-light-color);margin-bottom:var(--mantine-spacing-lg);font-size:var(--mantine-font-size-lg)" class="m_66836ed3 mantine-Alert-root" id="mantine-_R_remqrdub_" role="alert" aria-describedby="mantine-_R_remqrdub_-body" aria-labelledby="mantine-_R_remqrdub_-title"><div class="m_a5d60502 mantine-Alert-wrapper"><div class="m_667f2a6a mantine-Alert-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="tabler-icon tabler-icon-rocket "><path d="M4 13a8 8 0 0 1 7 7a6 6 0 0 0 3 -5a9 9 0 0 0 6 -8a3 3 0 0 0 -3 -3a9 9 0 0 0 -8 6a6 6 0 0 0 -5 3"></path><path d="M7 14a6 6 0 0 0 -3 6a6 6 0 0 0 6 -3"></path><path d="M14 9a1 1 0 1 0 2 0a1 1 0 1 0 -2 0"></path></svg></div><div class="m_667c2793 mantine-Alert-body"><div class="m_6a03f287 mantine-Alert-title"><span id="mantine-_R_remqrdub_-title" class="m_698f4f23 mantine-Alert-label">Полный доступ к материалам</span></div><div id="mantine-_R_remqrdub_-body" class="m_7fa78076 mantine-Alert-message"><div style="--group-gap:var(--mantine-spacing-md);--group-align:center;--group-justify:space-between;--group-wrap:wrap" class="m_4081bf90 mantine-Group-root"><p class="mantine-focus-auto m_b6d8b162 mantine-Text-root">Зарегистрируйтесь и получите доступ к этому и десяткам других курсов</p><a style="--button-height:var(--button-height-xs);--button-padding-x:var(--button-padding-x-xs);--button-fz:var(--mantine-font-size-xs);--button-bg:linear-gradient(45deg, var(--mantine-color-blue-filled) 0%, var(--mantine-color-cyan-filled) 100%);--button-hover:linear-gradient(45deg, var(--mantine-color-blue-filled) 0%, var(--mantine-color-cyan-filled) 100%);--button-color:var(--mantine-color-white);--button-bd:none" class="mantine-focus-auto mantine-active m_77c9d27d mantine-Button-root m_87cf2631 mantine-UnstyledButton-root" data-variant="gradient" data-size="xs" href="/u/new"><span class="m_80f1301b mantine-Button-inner"><span class="m_811560b9 mantine-Button-label">Зарегистрироваться</span></span></a></div></div></div></div></div><div class="paywalled m_d08caa0 mantine-Typography-root"><p>Массивы в Ruby работают так же, как и массивы в любых других динамических языках. Отличия в основном в некоторых синтаксических конструкциях и в большом количестве встроенных методов. Основные операции:</p>
<div style="margin-bottom:var(--mantine-spacing-lg)" class="m_e597c321 mantine-CodeHighlight-codeHighlight" dir="ltr"><div class="m_be7e9c9c mantine-CodeHighlight-controls"><button style="--ai-bg:transparent;--ai-hover:transparent;--ai-color:inherit;--ai-bd:none" class="mantine-focus-auto mantine-active m_d498bab7 mantine-CodeHighlight-control m_8d3f4000 mantine-ActionIcon-root m_87cf2631 mantine-UnstyledButton-root" data-variant="none" type="button" aria-label="Copy code"><span class="m_8d3afb97 mantine-ActionIcon-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke-width="2" stroke="currentColor" fill="none" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path stroke="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z" fill="none"></path><path d="M8 8m0 2a2 2 0 0 1 2 -2h8a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v8a2 2 0 0 1 -2 2h-8a2 2 0 0 1 -2 -2z"></path><path d="M16 8v-2a2 2 0 0 0 -2 -2h-8a2 2 0 0 0 -2 2v8a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2"></path></svg></span></button></div><div style="--scrollarea-scrollbar-size:calc(0.25rem * var(--mantine-scale));--sa-corner-width:0px;--sa-corner-height:0px" class="m_f744fd40 mantine-CodeHighlight-scrollarea m_d57069b5 mantine-ScrollArea-root" dir="ltr"><div style="overflow-x:hidden;overflow-y:hidden;overscroll-behavior-inline:none" class="m_c0783ff9 mantine-ScrollArea-viewport" data-scrollbars="xy"><div class="m_b1336c6 mantine-ScrollArea-content"><pre class="m_2c47c4fd mantine-CodeHighlight-pre" style="padding:0"><code class="m_5caae6d3 mantine-CodeHighlight-code">items = [1, 2]

# Добавление в конец
items &lt;&lt; 3 # [1, 2, 3]
# Добавление в начало
items.unshift 5 # [5, 1, 2, 3]

items.first # 5
# Последний элемент
items.last # 3

items.length # 4
# не пустой?
items.any? # true
# пустой?
items.empty? # false

# входит ли value в items
items.include? value

# Обращение к несуществующему элементу возвращает nil
items[5] # nil

items.sum # 11</code></pre></div></div></div><button class="mantine-focus-auto m_c9378bc2 mantine-CodeHighlight-showCodeButton m_87cf2631 mantine-UnstyledButton-root" data-hidden="true" type="button">Expand code</button></div>
<p>Массивы в Ruby передаются по ссылке, как в Python и JavaScript. Но в отличие от JavaScript сравнение массивов идёт по значениям:</p>
<div style="margin-bottom:var(--mantine-spacing-lg)" class="m_e597c321 mantine-CodeHighlight-codeHighlight" dir="ltr"><div class="m_be7e9c9c mantine-CodeHighlight-controls"><button style="--ai-bg:transparent;--ai-hover:transparent;--ai-color:inherit;--ai-bd:none" class="mantine-focus-auto mantine-active m_d498bab7 mantine-CodeHighlight-control m_8d3f4000 mantine-ActionIcon-root m_87cf2631 mantine-UnstyledButton-root" data-variant="none" type="button" aria-label="Copy code"><span class="m_8d3afb97 mantine-ActionIcon-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke-width="2" stroke="currentColor" fill="none" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path stroke="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z" fill="none"></path><path d="M8 8m0 2a2 2 0 0 1 2 -2h8a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v8a2 2 0 0 1 -2 2h-8a2 2 0 0 1 -2 -2z"></path><path d="M16 8v-2a2 2 0 0 0 -2 -2h-8a2 2 0 0 0 -2 2v8a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2"></path></svg></span></button></div><div style="--scrollarea-scrollbar-size:calc(0.25rem * var(--mantine-scale));--sa-corner-width:0px;--sa-corner-height:0px" class="m_f744fd40 mantine-CodeHighlight-scrollarea m_d57069b5 mantine-ScrollArea-root" dir="ltr"><div style="overflow-x:hidden;overflow-y:hidden;overscroll-behavior-inline:none" class="m_c0783ff9 mantine-ScrollArea-viewport" data-scrollbars="xy"><div class="m_b1336c6 mantine-ScrollArea-content"><pre class="m_2c47c4fd mantine-CodeHighlight-pre" style="padding:0"><code class="m_5caae6d3 mantine-CodeHighlight-code">items = [1, 2]
items == [1, 2] # true</code></pre></div></div></div><button class="mantine-focus-auto m_c9378bc2 mantine-CodeHighlight-showCodeButton m_87cf2631 mantine-UnstyledButton-root" data-hidden="true" type="button">Expand code</button></div>
<p>Для обхода массивов в Ruby используется метод <code style="margin-bottom:var(--mantine-spacing-lg)" class="m_dfe9c588 mantine-InlineCodeHighlight-inlineCodeHighlight m_e597c321 mantine-CodeHighlight-codeHighlight m_dfe9c588 mantine-InlineCodeHighlight-inlineCodeHighlight">each()</code>. По принципу работы он похож на <code style="margin-bottom:var(--mantine-spacing-lg)" class="m_dfe9c588 mantine-InlineCodeHighlight-inlineCodeHighlight m_e597c321 mantine-CodeHighlight-codeHighlight m_dfe9c588 mantine-InlineCodeHighlight-inlineCodeHighlight">times()</code>, но применяется к коллекциям. <code style="margin-bottom:var(--mantine-spacing-lg)" class="m_dfe9c588 mantine-InlineCodeHighlight-inlineCodeHighlight m_e597c321 mantine-CodeHighlight-codeHighlight m_dfe9c588 mantine-InlineCodeHighlight-inlineCodeHighlight">each()</code> принимает блок, который вызывается для каждого элемента коллекции. Внутрь блока передаётся текущий элемент.</p>
<div style="margin-bottom:var(--mantine-spacing-lg)" class="m_e597c321 mantine-CodeHighlight-codeHighlight" dir="ltr"><div class="m_be7e9c9c mantine-CodeHighlight-controls"><button style="--ai-bg:transparent;--ai-hover:transparent;--ai-color:inherit;--ai-bd:none" class="mantine-focus-auto mantine-active m_d498bab7 mantine-CodeHighlight-control m_8d3f4000 mantine-ActionIcon-root m_87cf2631 mantine-UnstyledButton-root" data-variant="none" type="button" aria-label="Copy code"><span class="m_8d3afb97 mantine-ActionIcon-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke-width="2" stroke="currentColor" fill="none" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path stroke="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z" fill="none"></path><path d="M8 8m0 2a2 2 0 0 1 2 -2h8a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v8a2 2 0 0 1 -2 2h-8a2 2 0 0 1 -2 -2z"></path><path d="M16 8v-2a2 2 0 0 0 -2 -2h-8a2 2 0 0 0 -2 2v8a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2"></path></svg></span></button></div><div style="--scrollarea-scrollbar-size:calc(0.25rem * var(--mantine-scale));--sa-corner-width:0px;--sa-corner-height:0px" class="m_f744fd40 mantine-CodeHighlight-scrollarea m_d57069b5 mantine-ScrollArea-root" dir="ltr"><div style="overflow-x:hidden;overflow-y:hidden;overscroll-behavior-inline:none" class="m_c0783ff9 mantine-ScrollArea-viewport" data-scrollbars="xy"><div class="m_b1336c6 mantine-ScrollArea-content"><pre class="m_2c47c4fd mantine-CodeHighlight-pre" style="padding:0"><code class="m_5caae6d3 mantine-CodeHighlight-code"># Сбор в строчку
items = [1, 2, 3]
result = &#x27;&#x27;
items.each do |item|
  result = &quot;{result}{item}&quot;
end
puts result # =&gt; 123</code></pre></div></div></div><button class="mantine-focus-auto m_c9378bc2 mantine-CodeHighlight-showCodeButton m_87cf2631 mantine-UnstyledButton-root" data-hidden="true" type="button">Expand code</button></div></div><div style="margin-block:var(--mantine-spacing-xl)" class=""><h2 style="--title-fw:var(--mantine-h2-font-weight);--title-lh:var(--mantine-h2-line-height);--title-fz:var(--mantine-h2-font-size);margin-bottom:var(--mantine-spacing-md)" class="m_8a5d1357 mantine-Title-root" data-order="2">Рекомендуемые программы</h2><style data-mantine-styles="inline">.__m__-_R_2mremqrdub_{--carousel-slide-gap:var(--mantine-spacing-xs);--carousel-slide-size:70%;}@media(min-width: 36em){.__m__-_R_2mremqrdub_{--carousel-slide-gap:var(--mantine-spacing-xl);--carousel-slide-size:50%;}}</style><div style="--carousel-control-size:calc(2.5rem * 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