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<title>Учим_Питон_#5 — Практика: асинхронные функции (Дневник студента) | Блог Хекслета</title>
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Данный материал может содержать ошибки, и является лишь попыткой закрепить изученный материал через изложение. Комментарии с правками приветствуются.**\n\n\nИспользуем:\n\n* Python 3.9\n* Asyncio\n* Aiohttp\n* Postgresql\n* Docker\n* Sqlalchemy\n\nЗадача: написать асинхронный код, который скачивает данные с сайта и загружает их в БД.\n\n::programs\n\nСоздаем 5 файлов:\n\n* main.py — точка входа для запуска программы\n* jsonplaceholder.py — модуль, скачивающий данные с сайта\n* models.py — ф-и для БД\n* docker-compose.yaml — информация для докера\n* postgres.env — логин, пароль, название БД\n\n\n_docker-compose.yaml_:\n\n```yaml\nversion: '3'\n\nservices:\n pg:\n image: postgres \n ### Use latest official postgres version\n env_file:\n - postgres.env \n ### Configure postgres\n ports:\n - 5432:5432\n volumes:\n - ./db-data/pg-data:/var/lib/postgresql/data/ \n ### Persist data even if container shuts down\n```\n\n_postgres.env_\n\n```text\nPOSTGRES_USER=user\nPOSTGRES_PASSWORD=password\nPOSTGRES_DB=postgres\n```\n\n_jsonplaceholder.py_\n\n```python\nimport aiohttp\nimport asyncio \n### Нужен только для пробного запуска\n\nUSERS_DATA_URL = \"https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/users\"\nPOSTS_DATA_URL = \"https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/posts\"\n\nasync def fetch_json(url):\n async with aiohttp.ClientSession() as session:\n async with session.get(url) as response:\n return await resonse.json()\n\nif '__name__' = '__main__':\n asyncio.run(fetch_json(USERS_DATA_URL))\n```\n\n* aiohttp — это «async HTTP client/server for asyncio and Python».\n* asyncio — это «a library to write concurrent code using the async/await syntax».\n* async — создает корутину\n* await — позволяет переключить контекст, переходя к другой ф-и, если текущая занята.\n* async with — асинхронный менеджер контекста, который автоматически закроется после выполнения задачи (см. Менеджер контекста или with as)\n\nКорутина — cooperative routine, код, который может выполняться одновременно с другим кодом.\n\n**Что мы здесь делаем:**\n\n* Импортируем библиотеки\nПишем константы (по соглашению разработчиков, константы — это переменные, записанные с большой буквы, и которые НЕ следует менять!)\n\n* Создаем асинхронную ф-и(корутину) fetch_json — дословно: «получить json».\n\n* Внутри ф-и вызываем асинхронный менеджер, в нем открываем сессию через aiohttp, и следующим шагом посылаем запрос GET по урлу session.get(url). Результат кладем в переменную response и возвращаем его, преобразовав в json (return await response.json()) — код с return читается справа налево. Вначале await переменной, затем return того, что получилось)\n\n**Важно:** данные, приходящие с сервера, не нужно мутировать! Почему? Потому что другие разработчики знают, как работает json() и ожидают json, а не мутанта:) Не усложняйте жизнь другим и себе, например, спустя месяц.\n\n**Итак, результат работы модуля jsonplaceholder.py — возврат данных в виде json**\n\n### Импортируем модуль даты и времени\nfrom datetime import datetime\n\n\n### Импортируем логгер (типа дебаггера)\n\n```python\nfrom loguru import logger\n\nimport asyncio\n```\n\n\n### Импортируем ORM для работы с БД\n\n```python\nfrom sqlalchemy import (\n Column,\n String,\n Integer,\n DateTime,\n ForeignKey,\n func\n)\n```\n\n\n### Импортируем асинхронные методы sqlalchemy для работы с БД\nfrom sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import create_async_engine, AsyncSession\n\n\n### Импортируем метод работы с бд, фабрику сессий и связи\n\n```python\nfrom sqlalchemy.orm import declarative_base, sessionmaker, relationship\n\n\nPG_ASYNC_CONN_URI = 'postgresql+asyncpg://user:password@localhost/postgres'\n```\n\n\n### Создаем движок\n\n```python\nengine = create_async_engine(PG_ASYNC_CONN_URI, echo=False)\n```\n\n#### Создаем метод описания БД (Создаем базовый класс для декларативных определений классов.)\n\n```python\nBase = declarative_base()\n```\n\n\n### Создаем сессию (Фабрика sessionmaker генерирует новые объекты Session при вызове)\nSession = sessionmaker(engine, class_=AsyncSession, expire_on_commit=False)\n\n\n### Запускаем докер, вызвав команду в консоли используя create_subprocess_shell(cmd)\n\n```\ncmd = 'docker compose up -d'\n\nasync def create_pg_docker(cmd):\n result = await asyncio.create_subprocess_shell(cmd)\n await result.communicate()\n logger.info('____pg docker rdy')\n```\n\n\n### Делаем DROP TABLE, CREATE TABLE в БД\n\n```python\nasync def created_db_tables():\n async with engine.begin() as conn:\n await conn.run_sync(Base.metadata.drop_all)\n await conn.run_sync(Base.metadata.create_all)\n```\n\n### Cоздаем ф-ю, которая скачивает с сайта юзеров и сохраняет их в БД\n\n```python\nasync def save_user_in_db(u_data):\n async with Session() as session:\n async with session.begin():\n for user in u_data:\n name = user['name']\n email = user['email']\n user = User(name=name, email=email)\n session.add(user) \n ### Добавляем данные юзера в сессию\n \n ### Session.commit() делается автоматически при закрытии менеджера контекста, поэтому его здесь не пишем.\n```\n\n\n\n### Cоздаем ф-ю, которая скачивает с сайта посты и сохраняет их в БД\n\n```python\nasync def save_post_in_db(p_data):\n async with Session() as session:\n async with session.begin():\n for post in p_data:\n title = post['title']\n description = post['body']\n user_id = post['userId']\n post = Post(title=title, description=description, user_id=user_id)\n session.add(post)\n```\n\n\n### Создаем модель таблицы User и Post\n\n```python\nclass User(Base):\n __tablename__ = 'user'\n\n id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)\n name = Column(String, nullable=False, default='', server_default='')\n email = Column(String, nullable=False, default='', server_default='')\n created_at = Column(DateTime, nullable=False, default=datetime.utcnow, server_default=func.now())\n\n posts = relationship('Post', back_populates='users')\n\n def __str__(self):\n return f'{self.__class__.__name__}(id={self.id}, name={self.name!r}, email={self.email},' \\\n f'created_at={self.created_at!r})'\n\n def __repr__(self):\n return str(self)\n\n\nclass Post(Base):\n __tablename__ = 'posts'\n\n id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)\n title = Column(String, nullable='', default='', server_default='')\n description = Column(String, nullable='', default='', server_default='')\n\n user_id = Column(Integer, ForeignKey('user.id'), nullable=False)\n users = relationship('User', back_populates='posts')\n\n def __str__(self):\n return f'{self.__class__.__name__}(id={self.id}, title={self.title!r}, description={self.description!r})'\n\n def __repr__(self):\n return str(self)\n```\n\n**Результат работы модуля models.py:**\n\n1. Подключаемся к БД в докере\n2. Дропаем и создаем заново таблицы (чтобы небыло конфликта с существующими записями)\n3. Сохраняем данные юзеров и постов в БД\n\nmain.py:\n\n```python\nimport asyncio\n\nfrom json_placeholder import USERS_DATA_URL, POSTS_DATA_URL, fetch_json\n\nfrom models import create_pg_docker,created_db_tables,cmd, save_post_in_db,save_user_in_db\n\n\nasync def async_main():\n await create_pg_docker(cmd)\n await created_db_tables()\n user_data, post_data = await asyncio.gather(fetch_json(USERS_DATA_URL),\n fetch_json(POSTS_DATA_URL))\n await save_user_in_db(user_data)\n await save_post_in_db(post_data)\n\n\ndef main():\n asyncio.run(async_main())\n\nif __name__ == '__main__':\n main()\n```\n\nЧто здесь делаем:\n\nСоздаем асинхронный main() и запускаем его в синхронном main().\nВнутри async_main() последовательно запускаем асинхронные ф-и:\n1. Запуск БД в докере\n2. Дроп и создание пустых таблиц\n3. Получение данных юзеров и постов с сайта\n4. Сохранение юзеров в бд\n5. Сохранение постов в бд\n6. Закрытие подключения к бд (происходит неявно, автоматически при завершении работы менеджера контекста)\n\n::posts\n\n* asyncio.gather — метод, который вернет то, что в него было положено, в том же порядке. (deprecated in python 3.10!!!)\n* asyncio.run - метод, создающий event loop для асинхронных ф-ий.\n\n**Результат работы main.py:** В БД, в таблице User появляется 10 пользователей, в таблице Post — 100 записей, связанных отношением many to one к юзерам, написавших их.\n\nP.S. Если будете копировать код - используйте IDE для его запуска т.к. где-то может стоять 4 пробела, а где-то табуляция. Но лучше не копировать, а руками перепечатать, так лучше запомнится и поймется.\n","reading_time":3,"url":"https://ru.hexlet.io/blog/posts/uchim_piton_-5-praktika-asinhronnye-funktsii","cover_thumb_variant":null,"cover_list_variant":"/vite/assets/blog_post-7eTyeLLt.webp","cover_main_variant":"/vite/assets/blog_post-7eTyeLLt.webp","related_stacks_count":5},"relatedPosts":[{"model_name":"BlogPost","id":1372,"title":"Простой способ добавить рыбных изображений на сайт","slug":"prostoy-sposob-dobavit-rybnyh-izobrazheniy-na-sayt","summary":"Руководство для тех, кто долго сидит в фотобанках","created_at":"2021-05-06T19:54:18.077Z","published_at":"2021-05-11T10:20:27.624Z","cover_list_variant":"/vite/assets/blog_post-7eTyeLLt.webp"},{"model_name":"BlogPost","id":1361,"title":"Первый проект принят! 66 коммитов, 4 проверки","slug":"pervyy-proekt-prinyat-66-kommitov-4-proverki","summary":"2 месяца вместо одного, но главное – прогресс!","created_at":"2021-04-27T07:47:04.294Z","published_at":"2021-05-11T10:19:01.213Z","cover_list_variant":"/vite/assets/blog_post-7eTyeLLt.webp"},{"model_name":"BlogPost","id":1369,"title":"WSL2, терминал, использование Vim","slug":"wsl2-terminal-ispolzovanie-vim","summary":"Рассказываю об установке Ubuntu в Windows, использовании терминала и Vim. Очередная запись в дневник прогресса.","created_at":"2021-05-03T17:43:14.763Z","published_at":"2021-05-11T10:17:40.491Z","cover_list_variant":"/vite/assets/blog_post-7eTyeLLt.webp"}],"category":{"id":14,"name":"Дневник студента","slug":"student-diary","state":"published","created_at":"2019-02-25T13:27:09.471Z"},"mainStackCategory":{"id":2,"name":"Курсы по веб-разработке","slug":"web_development","short_name":"Веб-разработка","order":190,"state":"published","category_slug":"courses_web_development"},"categories":[{"id":6,"name":"Мотивация","slug":"motivation","state":"published","created_at":"2016-10-06T18:31:38.903Z"},{"id":3,"name":"Истории успеха","slug":"success","state":"published","created_at":"2016-07-30T12:57:18.308Z"},{"id":14,"name":"Дневник студента","slug":"student-diary","state":"published","created_at":"2019-02-25T13:27:09.471Z"},{"id":4,"name":"Код","slug":"code","state":"published","created_at":"2016-08-23T13:33:44.258Z"},{"id":12,"name":"Карьера","slug":"career","state":"published","created_at":"2017-07-21T15:42:21.481Z"}],"relatedLandings":[{"stack":{"id":7,"slug":"python","title":"Python-разработчик","audience":"for_beginners","start_type":"weekly","pricing_model":"purchase","priority":"high","kind":"profession","state":"published","stack_state":"finished","order":10,"duration_in_months":10},"id":7,"slug":"python","title":"Python-разработчик ","subtitle":"Изучите Python, Django, REST и Fast API для создания веб-приложений","subtitle_for_lists":"Изучите Python, Django, REST и Fast API для создания веб-приложений","locale":"ru","current":true,"duration_in_months_text":"10 месяцев","stack_slug":"python","price_text":"от 6 792 ₽","duration_text":"10 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style="--group-gap:calc(0.1875rem * var(--mantine-scale));--group-align:center;--group-justify:flex-start;--group-wrap:wrap;margin-inline-end:var(--mantine-spacing-lg)" class="m_4081bf90 mantine-Group-root">14 мая 2021 г.</div><div style="--group-gap:calc(0.1875rem * var(--mantine-scale));--group-align:center;--group-justify:flex-start;--group-wrap:wrap" class="m_4081bf90 mantine-Group-root"><div style="--ti-size:var(--ti-size-xs);--ti-bg:transparent;--ti-color:var(--mantine-color-indigo-light-color);--ti-bd:calc(0.0625rem * var(--mantine-scale)) solid transparent;color:inherit" class="m_7341320d mantine-ThemeIcon-root" data-variant="transparent" data-size="xs"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="tabler-icon tabler-icon-clock "><path d="M3 12a9 9 0 1 0 18 0a9 9 0 0 0 -18 0"></path><path d="M12 7v5l3 3"></path></svg></div>3 минуты</div><div style="--group-gap:calc(0.1875rem * var(--mantine-scale));--group-align:center;--group-justify:flex-start;--group-wrap:wrap" class="m_4081bf90 mantine-Group-root"><div style="--ti-size:var(--ti-size-xs);--ti-bg:transparent;--ti-color:var(--mantine-color-indigo-light-color);--ti-bd:calc(0.0625rem * var(--mantine-scale)) solid transparent;color:inherit" class="m_7341320d mantine-ThemeIcon-root" data-variant="transparent" data-size="xs"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="tabler-icon tabler-icon-thumb-up "><path d="M7 11v8a1 1 0 0 1 -1 1h-2a1 1 0 0 1 -1 -1v-7a1 1 0 0 1 1 -1h3a4 4 0 0 0 4 -4v-1a2 2 0 0 1 4 0v5h3a2 2 0 0 1 2 2l-1 5a2 3 0 0 1 -2 2h-7a3 3 0 0 1 -3 -3"></path></svg></div>1</div></div><div style="--ar-ratio:2" class="m_71ac47fc mantine-AspectRatio-root"><img style="--image-radius:var(--mantine-radius-md);--image-object-fit:cover;width:100%;height:100%" class="m_9e117634 mantine-Image-root" src="/vite/assets/blog_post-7eTyeLLt.webp" alt="Учим_Питон_#5 — Практика: асинхронные функции"/></div></div><div role="link" tabindex="0" style="cursor:pointer"><button style="display:block;width:100%" class="mantine-focus-auto m_87cf2631 mantine-UnstyledButton-root" type="button" aria-label="Присоединяйтесь к нашему Telegram-сообществу"><div style="background-color:light-dark(var(--mantine-color-gray-1), var(--mantine-color-dark-6))" class="m_e615b15f mantine-Card-root m_1b7284a3 mantine-Paper-root"><div style="--group-gap:var(--mantine-spacing-md);--group-align:center;--group-justify:flex-start;--group-wrap:wrap" class="m_4081bf90 mantine-Group-root"><div style="--ti-bg:transparent;--ti-color:var(--mantine-color-indigo-light-color);--ti-bd:calc(0.0625rem * var(--mantine-scale)) solid transparent;margin-inline-end:auto;color:inherit" class="m_7341320d mantine-ThemeIcon-root" data-variant="transparent"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="tabler-icon tabler-icon-brand-telegram "><path d="M15 10l-4 4l6 6l4 -16l-18 7l4 2l2 6l3 -4"></path></svg></div>Присоединяйтесь к нашему Telegram-сообществу</div></div></button></div><div style="margin-bottom:var(--mantine-spacing-xl)" class="m_d08caa0 mantine-Typography-root"><p><strong>Внимание! Данный материал может содержать ошибки, и является лишь попыткой закрепить изученный материал через изложение. Комментарии с правками приветствуются.</strong></p>
<p>Используем:</p>
<ul>
<li>Python 3.9</li>
<li>Asyncio</li>
<li>Aiohttp</li>
<li>Postgresql</li>
<li>Docker</li>
<li>Sqlalchemy</li>
</ul>
<p>Задача: написать асинхронный код, который скачивает данные с сайта и загружает их в БД.</p>
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style="--group-gap:calc(0.25rem * var(--mantine-scale));--group-align:center;--group-justify:flex-start;--group-wrap:nowrap" class="m_4081bf90 mantine-Group-root"><span style="font-size:var(--mantine-font-size-sm)" class="mantine-focus-auto m_b6d8b162 mantine-Text-root">16 месяцев</span><span class="mantine-focus-auto m_b6d8b162 mantine-Text-root">·</span><span style="font-size:var(--mantine-font-size-sm)" class="mantine-focus-auto m_b6d8b162 mantine-Text-root">С нуля</span></div><p style="margin-bottom:var(--mantine-spacing-sm);font-size:var(--mantine-font-size-h5);font-weight:bold" class="mantine-focus-auto m_b6d8b162 mantine-Text-root">Fullstack-разработчик на Python</p><p class="mantine-focus-auto m_b6d8b162 mantine-Text-root"></p><div style="margin-top:auto" class=""><div class="m_4451eb3a mantine-Center-root"><img style="opacity:0.8;width:70%" class="m_9e117634 mantine-Image-root mantine-visible-from-xs" 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tabindex="0" style="cursor:pointer;height:100%"><a style="text-decoration:none" class="mantine-focus-auto m_849cf0da m_b6d8b162 mantine-Text-root mantine-Anchor-root" data-underline="hover" href="/programs/docker?promo_name=programs_list&promo_position=blog_post&promo_creative=catalog_card&promo_type=card" target="_blank"><div style="height:100%" class="m_e615b15f mantine-Card-root m_1b7284a3 mantine-Paper-root" data-with-border="true"><div style="--group-gap:calc(0.25rem * var(--mantine-scale));--group-align:center;--group-justify:flex-start;--group-wrap:nowrap" class="m_4081bf90 mantine-Group-root"><span style="font-size:var(--mantine-font-size-sm)" class="mantine-focus-auto m_b6d8b162 mantine-Text-root">1 месяц</span><span class="mantine-focus-auto m_b6d8b162 mantine-Text-root">·</span><span style="font-size:var(--mantine-font-size-sm)" class="mantine-focus-auto m_b6d8b162 mantine-Text-root">Для продвинутых</span></div><p style="margin-bottom:var(--mantine-spacing-sm);font-size:var(--mantine-font-size-h5);font-weight:bold" class="mantine-focus-auto m_b6d8b162 mantine-Text-root">Docker</p><p class="mantine-focus-auto m_b6d8b162 mantine-Text-root">Навык работы с контейнеризацией, оптимизацией разработки и деплой</p><div style="margin-top:auto" class=""><div class="m_4451eb3a mantine-Center-root"><img style="opacity:0.8;width:70%" class="m_9e117634 mantine-Image-root mantine-visible-from-xs" src="https://hexlet.io/rails/active_storage/representations/proxy/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsiZGF0YSI6Mzk2MiwicHVyIjoiYmxvYl9pZCJ9fQ==--c18877cf9396039142efbbbe6b2ab4dc6b09f18b/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsiZGF0YSI6eyJmb3JtYXQiOiJ3ZWJwIiwicmVzaXplX3RvX2xpbWl0IjpbNDAwLDQwMF0sInNhdmVyIjp7InF1YWxpdHkiOjg1fX0sInB1ciI6InZhcmlhdGlvbiJ9fQ==--5b6f46dacd1af664f27558553a58076185091823/Cloud%20hosting-cuate.png" alt="Docker" loading="eager"/></div><div style="--group-gap:var(--mantine-spacing-md);--group-align:end;--group-justify:space-between;--group-wrap:wrap;margin-top:var(--mantine-spacing-xs)" class="m_4081bf90 mantine-Group-root"><p style="font-size:var(--mantine-font-size-xl)" class="mantine-focus-auto m_b6d8b162 mantine-Text-root">от 3 900 ₽</p><p style="font-size:var(--mantine-font-size-sm)" class="mantine-focus-auto m_b6d8b162 mantine-Text-root">Посмотреть →</p></div></div></div></a></div></div><div class="m_d98df724 mantine-Carousel-slide" data-orientation="horizontal"><div tabindex="0" style="cursor:pointer;height:100%"><a style="text-decoration:none" class="mantine-focus-auto m_849cf0da m_b6d8b162 mantine-Text-root mantine-Anchor-root" data-underline="hover" href="/programs/sql-for-developers?promo_name=programs_list&promo_position=blog_post&promo_creative=catalog_card&promo_type=card" target="_blank"><div style="height:100%" class="m_e615b15f mantine-Card-root m_1b7284a3 mantine-Paper-root" data-with-border="true"><div style="--group-gap:calc(0.25rem * var(--mantine-scale));--group-align:center;--group-justify:flex-start;--group-wrap:nowrap" class="m_4081bf90 mantine-Group-root"><span style="font-size:var(--mantine-font-size-sm)" class="mantine-focus-auto m_b6d8b162 mantine-Text-root">1 месяц</span><span class="mantine-focus-auto m_b6d8b162 mantine-Text-root">·</span><span style="font-size:var(--mantine-font-size-sm)" class="mantine-focus-auto m_b6d8b162 mantine-Text-root">Для продвинутых</span></div><p style="margin-bottom:var(--mantine-spacing-sm);font-size:var(--mantine-font-size-h5);font-weight:bold" class="mantine-focus-auto m_b6d8b162 mantine-Text-root">SQL для программистов</p><p class="mantine-focus-auto m_b6d8b162 mantine-Text-root">Эффективный SQL для разработчиков</p><div style="margin-top:auto" class=""><div class="m_4451eb3a mantine-Center-root"><img style="opacity:0.8;width:70%" class="m_9e117634 mantine-Image-root mantine-visible-from-xs" src="https://hexlet.io/rails/active_storage/representations/proxy/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsiZGF0YSI6Mzk4MywicHVyIjoiYmxvYl9pZCJ9fQ==--81f4d525c717a10779cef5a5a1ec3181f8db1cf3/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsiZGF0YSI6eyJmb3JtYXQiOiJ3ZWJwIiwicmVzaXplX3RvX2xpbWl0IjpbNDAwLDQwMF0sInNhdmVyIjp7InF1YWxpdHkiOjg1fX0sInB1ciI6InZhcmlhdGlvbiJ9fQ==--5b6f46dacd1af664f27558553a58076185091823/Cloud%20hosting-cuate.png" alt="SQL для программистов" loading="eager"/></div><div style="--group-gap:var(--mantine-spacing-md);--group-align:end;--group-justify:space-between;--group-wrap:wrap;margin-top:var(--mantine-spacing-xs)" class="m_4081bf90 mantine-Group-root"><p style="font-size:var(--mantine-font-size-xl)" class="mantine-focus-auto m_b6d8b162 mantine-Text-root">от 3 900 ₽</p><p style="font-size:var(--mantine-font-size-sm)" class="mantine-focus-auto m_b6d8b162 mantine-Text-root">Посмотреть →</p></div></div></div></a></div></div><div class="m_d98df724 mantine-Carousel-slide" data-orientation="horizontal"><div tabindex="0" style="cursor:pointer;height:100%"><a style="text-decoration:none" class="mantine-focus-auto m_849cf0da m_b6d8b162 mantine-Text-root mantine-Anchor-root" data-underline="hover" href="/courses?promo_name=programs_list&promo_position=blog_post&promo_creative=catalog_card&promo_type=card"><div style="height:100%" class="m_e615b15f mantine-Card-root m_1b7284a3 mantine-Paper-root" data-with-border="true"><h2 style="--title-fw:var(--mantine-h2-font-weight);--title-lh:var(--mantine-h2-line-height);--title-fz:var(--mantine-h2-font-size);margin-bottom:var(--mantine-spacing-md);font-size:var(--mantine-font-size-h3)" class="m_8a5d1357 mantine-Title-root" data-order="2" data-responsive="true">Каталог</h2><p style="margin-bottom:auto" class="mantine-focus-auto m_b6d8b162 mantine-Text-root">Полный список доступных курсов по разным направлениям</p><div style="margin-top:auto" class=""><div class="m_4451eb3a mantine-Center-root"><img style="opacity:0.8;width:70%" class="m_9e117634 mantine-Image-root mantine-visible-from-xs" src="/vite/assets/development-BVihs_d5.png" alt="Orientation"/></div></div></div></a></div></div></div></div></div>
<p>Создаем 5 файлов:</p>
<ul>
<li>main.py — точка входа для запуска программы</li>
<li>jsonplaceholder.py — модуль, скачивающий данные с сайта</li>
<li>models.py — ф-и для БД</li>
<li>docker-compose.yaml — информация для докера</li>
<li>postgres.env — логин, пароль, название БД</li>
</ul>
<p><em>docker-compose.yaml</em>:</p>
<div style="margin-bottom:var(--mantine-spacing-lg)" class="m_e597c321 mantine-CodeHighlight-codeHighlight" dir="ltr"><div class="m_be7e9c9c mantine-CodeHighlight-controls"><button style="--ai-bg:transparent;--ai-hover:transparent;--ai-color:inherit;--ai-bd:none" class="mantine-focus-auto mantine-active m_d498bab7 mantine-CodeHighlight-control m_8d3f4000 mantine-ActionIcon-root m_87cf2631 mantine-UnstyledButton-root" data-variant="none" type="button" aria-label="Copy code"><span class="m_8d3afb97 mantine-ActionIcon-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke-width="2" stroke="currentColor" fill="none" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path stroke="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z" fill="none"></path><path d="M8 8m0 2a2 2 0 0 1 2 -2h8a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v8a2 2 0 0 1 -2 2h-8a2 2 0 0 1 -2 -2z"></path><path d="M16 8v-2a2 2 0 0 0 -2 -2h-8a2 2 0 0 0 -2 2v8a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2"></path></svg></span></button></div><div style="--scrollarea-scrollbar-size:calc(0.25rem * var(--mantine-scale));--sa-corner-width:0px;--sa-corner-height:0px" class="m_f744fd40 mantine-CodeHighlight-scrollarea m_d57069b5 mantine-ScrollArea-root" dir="ltr"><div style="overflow-x:hidden;overflow-y:hidden;overscroll-behavior-inline:none" class="m_c0783ff9 mantine-ScrollArea-viewport" data-scrollbars="xy"><div class="m_b1336c6 mantine-ScrollArea-content"><pre class="m_2c47c4fd mantine-CodeHighlight-pre" style="padding:0"><code class="m_5caae6d3 mantine-CodeHighlight-code">version: '3'
services:
pg:
image: postgres
### Use latest official postgres version
env_file:
- postgres.env
### Configure postgres
ports:
- 5432:5432
volumes:
- ./db-data/pg-data:/var/lib/postgresql/data/
### Persist data even if container shuts down</code></pre></div></div></div><button class="mantine-focus-auto m_c9378bc2 mantine-CodeHighlight-showCodeButton m_87cf2631 mantine-UnstyledButton-root" data-hidden="true" type="button">Expand code</button></div>
<p><em>postgres.env</em></p>
<div style="margin-bottom:var(--mantine-spacing-lg)" class="m_e597c321 mantine-CodeHighlight-codeHighlight" dir="ltr"><div class="m_be7e9c9c mantine-CodeHighlight-controls"><button style="--ai-bg:transparent;--ai-hover:transparent;--ai-color:inherit;--ai-bd:none" class="mantine-focus-auto mantine-active m_d498bab7 mantine-CodeHighlight-control m_8d3f4000 mantine-ActionIcon-root m_87cf2631 mantine-UnstyledButton-root" data-variant="none" type="button" aria-label="Copy code"><span class="m_8d3afb97 mantine-ActionIcon-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke-width="2" stroke="currentColor" fill="none" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path stroke="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z" fill="none"></path><path d="M8 8m0 2a2 2 0 0 1 2 -2h8a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v8a2 2 0 0 1 -2 2h-8a2 2 0 0 1 -2 -2z"></path><path d="M16 8v-2a2 2 0 0 0 -2 -2h-8a2 2 0 0 0 -2 2v8a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2"></path></svg></span></button></div><div style="--scrollarea-scrollbar-size:calc(0.25rem * var(--mantine-scale));--sa-corner-width:0px;--sa-corner-height:0px" class="m_f744fd40 mantine-CodeHighlight-scrollarea m_d57069b5 mantine-ScrollArea-root" dir="ltr"><div style="overflow-x:hidden;overflow-y:hidden;overscroll-behavior-inline:none" class="m_c0783ff9 mantine-ScrollArea-viewport" data-scrollbars="xy"><div class="m_b1336c6 mantine-ScrollArea-content"><pre class="m_2c47c4fd mantine-CodeHighlight-pre" style="padding:0"><code class="m_5caae6d3 mantine-CodeHighlight-code">POSTGRES_USER=user
POSTGRES_PASSWORD=password
POSTGRES_DB=postgres</code></pre></div></div></div><button class="mantine-focus-auto m_c9378bc2 mantine-CodeHighlight-showCodeButton m_87cf2631 mantine-UnstyledButton-root" data-hidden="true" type="button">Expand code</button></div>
<p><em>jsonplaceholder.py</em></p>
<div style="margin-bottom:var(--mantine-spacing-lg)" class="m_e597c321 mantine-CodeHighlight-codeHighlight" dir="ltr"><div class="m_be7e9c9c mantine-CodeHighlight-controls"><button style="--ai-bg:transparent;--ai-hover:transparent;--ai-color:inherit;--ai-bd:none" class="mantine-focus-auto mantine-active m_d498bab7 mantine-CodeHighlight-control m_8d3f4000 mantine-ActionIcon-root m_87cf2631 mantine-UnstyledButton-root" data-variant="none" type="button" aria-label="Copy code"><span class="m_8d3afb97 mantine-ActionIcon-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke-width="2" stroke="currentColor" fill="none" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path stroke="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z" fill="none"></path><path d="M8 8m0 2a2 2 0 0 1 2 -2h8a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v8a2 2 0 0 1 -2 2h-8a2 2 0 0 1 -2 -2z"></path><path d="M16 8v-2a2 2 0 0 0 -2 -2h-8a2 2 0 0 0 -2 2v8a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2"></path></svg></span></button></div><div style="--scrollarea-scrollbar-size:calc(0.25rem * var(--mantine-scale));--sa-corner-width:0px;--sa-corner-height:0px" class="m_f744fd40 mantine-CodeHighlight-scrollarea m_d57069b5 mantine-ScrollArea-root" dir="ltr"><div style="overflow-x:hidden;overflow-y:hidden;overscroll-behavior-inline:none" class="m_c0783ff9 mantine-ScrollArea-viewport" data-scrollbars="xy"><div class="m_b1336c6 mantine-ScrollArea-content"><pre class="m_2c47c4fd mantine-CodeHighlight-pre" style="padding:0"><code class="m_5caae6d3 mantine-CodeHighlight-code">import aiohttp
import asyncio
### Нужен только для пробного запуска
USERS_DATA_URL = "https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/users"
POSTS_DATA_URL = "https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/posts"
async def fetch_json(url):
async with aiohttp.ClientSession() as session:
async with session.get(url) as response:
return await resonse.json()
if '__name__' = '__main__':
asyncio.run(fetch_json(USERS_DATA_URL))</code></pre></div></div></div><button class="mantine-focus-auto m_c9378bc2 mantine-CodeHighlight-showCodeButton m_87cf2631 mantine-UnstyledButton-root" data-hidden="true" type="button">Expand code</button></div>
<ul>
<li>aiohttp — это «async HTTP client/server for asyncio and Python».</li>
<li>asyncio — это «a library to write concurrent code using the async/await syntax».</li>
<li>async — создает корутину</li>
<li>await — позволяет переключить контекст, переходя к другой ф-и, если текущая занята.</li>
<li>async with — асинхронный менеджер контекста, который автоматически закроется после выполнения задачи (см. Менеджер контекста или with as)</li>
</ul>
<p>Корутина — cooperative routine, код, который может выполняться одновременно с другим кодом.</p>
<p><strong>Что мы здесь делаем:</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p>Импортируем библиотеки
Пишем константы (по соглашению разработчиков, константы — это переменные, записанные с большой буквы, и которые НЕ следует менять!)</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Создаем асинхронную ф-и(корутину) fetch_json — дословно: «получить json».</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Внутри ф-и вызываем асинхронный менеджер, в нем открываем сессию через aiohttp, и следующим шагом посылаем запрос GET по урлу session.get(url). Результат кладем в переменную response и возвращаем его, преобразовав в json (return await response.json()) — код с return читается справа налево. Вначале await переменной, затем return того, что получилось)</p>
</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Важно:</strong> данные, приходящие с сервера, не нужно мутировать! Почему? Потому что другие разработчики знают, как работает json() и ожидают json, а не мутанта:) Не усложняйте жизнь другим и себе, например, спустя месяц.</p>
<p><strong>Итак, результат работы модуля jsonplaceholder.py — возврат данных в виде json</strong></p>
<h3 id="heading-3-1">Импортируем модуль даты и времени</h3>
<p>from datetime import datetime</p>
<h3 id="heading-3-2">Импортируем логгер (типа дебаггера)</h3>
<div style="margin-bottom:var(--mantine-spacing-lg)" class="m_e597c321 mantine-CodeHighlight-codeHighlight" dir="ltr"><div class="m_be7e9c9c mantine-CodeHighlight-controls"><button style="--ai-bg:transparent;--ai-hover:transparent;--ai-color:inherit;--ai-bd:none" class="mantine-focus-auto mantine-active m_d498bab7 mantine-CodeHighlight-control m_8d3f4000 mantine-ActionIcon-root m_87cf2631 mantine-UnstyledButton-root" data-variant="none" type="button" aria-label="Copy code"><span class="m_8d3afb97 mantine-ActionIcon-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke-width="2" stroke="currentColor" fill="none" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path stroke="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z" fill="none"></path><path d="M8 8m0 2a2 2 0 0 1 2 -2h8a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v8a2 2 0 0 1 -2 2h-8a2 2 0 0 1 -2 -2z"></path><path d="M16 8v-2a2 2 0 0 0 -2 -2h-8a2 2 0 0 0 -2 2v8a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2"></path></svg></span></button></div><div style="--scrollarea-scrollbar-size:calc(0.25rem * var(--mantine-scale));--sa-corner-width:0px;--sa-corner-height:0px" class="m_f744fd40 mantine-CodeHighlight-scrollarea m_d57069b5 mantine-ScrollArea-root" dir="ltr"><div style="overflow-x:hidden;overflow-y:hidden;overscroll-behavior-inline:none" class="m_c0783ff9 mantine-ScrollArea-viewport" data-scrollbars="xy"><div class="m_b1336c6 mantine-ScrollArea-content"><pre class="m_2c47c4fd mantine-CodeHighlight-pre" style="padding:0"><code class="m_5caae6d3 mantine-CodeHighlight-code">from loguru import logger
import asyncio</code></pre></div></div></div><button class="mantine-focus-auto m_c9378bc2 mantine-CodeHighlight-showCodeButton m_87cf2631 mantine-UnstyledButton-root" data-hidden="true" type="button">Expand code</button></div>
<h3 id="heading-3-3">Импортируем ORM для работы с БД</h3>
<div style="margin-bottom:var(--mantine-spacing-lg)" class="m_e597c321 mantine-CodeHighlight-codeHighlight" dir="ltr"><div class="m_be7e9c9c mantine-CodeHighlight-controls"><button style="--ai-bg:transparent;--ai-hover:transparent;--ai-color:inherit;--ai-bd:none" class="mantine-focus-auto mantine-active m_d498bab7 mantine-CodeHighlight-control m_8d3f4000 mantine-ActionIcon-root m_87cf2631 mantine-UnstyledButton-root" data-variant="none" type="button" aria-label="Copy code"><span class="m_8d3afb97 mantine-ActionIcon-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke-width="2" stroke="currentColor" fill="none" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path stroke="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z" fill="none"></path><path d="M8 8m0 2a2 2 0 0 1 2 -2h8a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v8a2 2 0 0 1 -2 2h-8a2 2 0 0 1 -2 -2z"></path><path d="M16 8v-2a2 2 0 0 0 -2 -2h-8a2 2 0 0 0 -2 2v8a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2"></path></svg></span></button></div><div style="--scrollarea-scrollbar-size:calc(0.25rem * var(--mantine-scale));--sa-corner-width:0px;--sa-corner-height:0px" class="m_f744fd40 mantine-CodeHighlight-scrollarea m_d57069b5 mantine-ScrollArea-root" dir="ltr"><div style="overflow-x:hidden;overflow-y:hidden;overscroll-behavior-inline:none" class="m_c0783ff9 mantine-ScrollArea-viewport" data-scrollbars="xy"><div class="m_b1336c6 mantine-ScrollArea-content"><pre class="m_2c47c4fd mantine-CodeHighlight-pre" style="padding:0"><code class="m_5caae6d3 mantine-CodeHighlight-code">from sqlalchemy import (
Column,
String,
Integer,
DateTime,
ForeignKey,
func
)</code></pre></div></div></div><button class="mantine-focus-auto m_c9378bc2 mantine-CodeHighlight-showCodeButton m_87cf2631 mantine-UnstyledButton-root" data-hidden="true" type="button">Expand code</button></div>
<h3 id="heading-3-4">Импортируем асинхронные методы sqlalchemy для работы с БД</h3>
<p>from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import create_async_engine, AsyncSession</p>
<h3 id="heading-3-5">Импортируем метод работы с бд, фабрику сессий и связи</h3>
<div style="margin-bottom:var(--mantine-spacing-lg)" class="m_e597c321 mantine-CodeHighlight-codeHighlight" dir="ltr"><div class="m_be7e9c9c mantine-CodeHighlight-controls"><button style="--ai-bg:transparent;--ai-hover:transparent;--ai-color:inherit;--ai-bd:none" class="mantine-focus-auto mantine-active m_d498bab7 mantine-CodeHighlight-control m_8d3f4000 mantine-ActionIcon-root m_87cf2631 mantine-UnstyledButton-root" data-variant="none" type="button" aria-label="Copy code"><span class="m_8d3afb97 mantine-ActionIcon-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke-width="2" stroke="currentColor" fill="none" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path stroke="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z" fill="none"></path><path d="M8 8m0 2a2 2 0 0 1 2 -2h8a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v8a2 2 0 0 1 -2 2h-8a2 2 0 0 1 -2 -2z"></path><path d="M16 8v-2a2 2 0 0 0 -2 -2h-8a2 2 0 0 0 -2 2v8a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2"></path></svg></span></button></div><div style="--scrollarea-scrollbar-size:calc(0.25rem * var(--mantine-scale));--sa-corner-width:0px;--sa-corner-height:0px" class="m_f744fd40 mantine-CodeHighlight-scrollarea m_d57069b5 mantine-ScrollArea-root" dir="ltr"><div style="overflow-x:hidden;overflow-y:hidden;overscroll-behavior-inline:none" class="m_c0783ff9 mantine-ScrollArea-viewport" data-scrollbars="xy"><div class="m_b1336c6 mantine-ScrollArea-content"><pre class="m_2c47c4fd mantine-CodeHighlight-pre" style="padding:0"><code class="m_5caae6d3 mantine-CodeHighlight-code">from sqlalchemy.orm import declarative_base, sessionmaker, relationship
PG_ASYNC_CONN_URI = 'postgresql+asyncpg://user:password@localhost/postgres'</code></pre></div></div></div><button class="mantine-focus-auto m_c9378bc2 mantine-CodeHighlight-showCodeButton m_87cf2631 mantine-UnstyledButton-root" data-hidden="true" type="button">Expand code</button></div>
<h3 id="heading-3-6">Создаем движок</h3>
<div style="margin-bottom:var(--mantine-spacing-lg)" class="m_e597c321 mantine-CodeHighlight-codeHighlight" dir="ltr"><div class="m_be7e9c9c mantine-CodeHighlight-controls"><button style="--ai-bg:transparent;--ai-hover:transparent;--ai-color:inherit;--ai-bd:none" class="mantine-focus-auto mantine-active m_d498bab7 mantine-CodeHighlight-control m_8d3f4000 mantine-ActionIcon-root m_87cf2631 mantine-UnstyledButton-root" data-variant="none" type="button" aria-label="Copy code"><span class="m_8d3afb97 mantine-ActionIcon-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke-width="2" stroke="currentColor" fill="none" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path stroke="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z" fill="none"></path><path d="M8 8m0 2a2 2 0 0 1 2 -2h8a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v8a2 2 0 0 1 -2 2h-8a2 2 0 0 1 -2 -2z"></path><path d="M16 8v-2a2 2 0 0 0 -2 -2h-8a2 2 0 0 0 -2 2v8a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2"></path></svg></span></button></div><div style="--scrollarea-scrollbar-size:calc(0.25rem * var(--mantine-scale));--sa-corner-width:0px;--sa-corner-height:0px" class="m_f744fd40 mantine-CodeHighlight-scrollarea m_d57069b5 mantine-ScrollArea-root" dir="ltr"><div style="overflow-x:hidden;overflow-y:hidden;overscroll-behavior-inline:none" class="m_c0783ff9 mantine-ScrollArea-viewport" data-scrollbars="xy"><div class="m_b1336c6 mantine-ScrollArea-content"><pre class="m_2c47c4fd mantine-CodeHighlight-pre" style="padding:0"><code class="m_5caae6d3 mantine-CodeHighlight-code">engine = create_async_engine(PG_ASYNC_CONN_URI, echo=False)</code></pre></div></div></div><button class="mantine-focus-auto m_c9378bc2 mantine-CodeHighlight-showCodeButton m_87cf2631 mantine-UnstyledButton-root" data-hidden="true" type="button">Expand code</button></div>
<h4 id="heading-4-7">Создаем метод описания БД (Создаем базовый класс для декларативных определений классов.)</h4>
<div style="margin-bottom:var(--mantine-spacing-lg)" class="m_e597c321 mantine-CodeHighlight-codeHighlight" dir="ltr"><div class="m_be7e9c9c mantine-CodeHighlight-controls"><button style="--ai-bg:transparent;--ai-hover:transparent;--ai-color:inherit;--ai-bd:none" class="mantine-focus-auto mantine-active m_d498bab7 mantine-CodeHighlight-control m_8d3f4000 mantine-ActionIcon-root m_87cf2631 mantine-UnstyledButton-root" data-variant="none" type="button" aria-label="Copy code"><span class="m_8d3afb97 mantine-ActionIcon-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke-width="2" stroke="currentColor" fill="none" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path stroke="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z" fill="none"></path><path d="M8 8m0 2a2 2 0 0 1 2 -2h8a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v8a2 2 0 0 1 -2 2h-8a2 2 0 0 1 -2 -2z"></path><path d="M16 8v-2a2 2 0 0 0 -2 -2h-8a2 2 0 0 0 -2 2v8a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2"></path></svg></span></button></div><div style="--scrollarea-scrollbar-size:calc(0.25rem * var(--mantine-scale));--sa-corner-width:0px;--sa-corner-height:0px" class="m_f744fd40 mantine-CodeHighlight-scrollarea m_d57069b5 mantine-ScrollArea-root" dir="ltr"><div style="overflow-x:hidden;overflow-y:hidden;overscroll-behavior-inline:none" class="m_c0783ff9 mantine-ScrollArea-viewport" data-scrollbars="xy"><div class="m_b1336c6 mantine-ScrollArea-content"><pre class="m_2c47c4fd mantine-CodeHighlight-pre" style="padding:0"><code class="m_5caae6d3 mantine-CodeHighlight-code">Base = declarative_base()</code></pre></div></div></div><button class="mantine-focus-auto m_c9378bc2 mantine-CodeHighlight-showCodeButton m_87cf2631 mantine-UnstyledButton-root" data-hidden="true" type="button">Expand code</button></div>
<h3 id="heading-3-8">Создаем сессию (Фабрика sessionmaker генерирует новые объекты Session при вызове)</h3>
<p>Session = sessionmaker(engine, class_=AsyncSession, expire_on_commit=False)</p>
<h3 id="heading-3-9">Запускаем докер, вызвав команду в консоли используя create_subprocess_shell(cmd)</h3>
<code style="margin-bottom:var(--mantine-spacing-lg)" class="m_dfe9c588 mantine-InlineCodeHighlight-inlineCodeHighlight m_e597c321 mantine-CodeHighlight-codeHighlight m_dfe9c588 mantine-InlineCodeHighlight-inlineCodeHighlight">cmd = 'docker compose up -d'
async def create_pg_docker(cmd):
result = await asyncio.create_subprocess_shell(cmd)
await result.communicate()
logger.info('____pg docker rdy')</code>
<h3 id="heading-3-10">Делаем DROP TABLE, CREATE TABLE в БД</h3>
<div style="margin-bottom:var(--mantine-spacing-lg)" class="m_e597c321 mantine-CodeHighlight-codeHighlight" dir="ltr"><div class="m_be7e9c9c mantine-CodeHighlight-controls"><button style="--ai-bg:transparent;--ai-hover:transparent;--ai-color:inherit;--ai-bd:none" class="mantine-focus-auto mantine-active m_d498bab7 mantine-CodeHighlight-control m_8d3f4000 mantine-ActionIcon-root m_87cf2631 mantine-UnstyledButton-root" data-variant="none" type="button" aria-label="Copy code"><span class="m_8d3afb97 mantine-ActionIcon-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke-width="2" stroke="currentColor" fill="none" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path stroke="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z" fill="none"></path><path d="M8 8m0 2a2 2 0 0 1 2 -2h8a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v8a2 2 0 0 1 -2 2h-8a2 2 0 0 1 -2 -2z"></path><path d="M16 8v-2a2 2 0 0 0 -2 -2h-8a2 2 0 0 0 -2 2v8a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2"></path></svg></span></button></div><div style="--scrollarea-scrollbar-size:calc(0.25rem * var(--mantine-scale));--sa-corner-width:0px;--sa-corner-height:0px" class="m_f744fd40 mantine-CodeHighlight-scrollarea m_d57069b5 mantine-ScrollArea-root" dir="ltr"><div style="overflow-x:hidden;overflow-y:hidden;overscroll-behavior-inline:none" class="m_c0783ff9 mantine-ScrollArea-viewport" data-scrollbars="xy"><div class="m_b1336c6 mantine-ScrollArea-content"><pre class="m_2c47c4fd mantine-CodeHighlight-pre" style="padding:0"><code class="m_5caae6d3 mantine-CodeHighlight-code">async def created_db_tables():
async with engine.begin() as conn:
await conn.run_sync(Base.metadata.drop_all)
await conn.run_sync(Base.metadata.create_all)</code></pre></div></div></div><button class="mantine-focus-auto m_c9378bc2 mantine-CodeHighlight-showCodeButton m_87cf2631 mantine-UnstyledButton-root" data-hidden="true" type="button">Expand code</button></div>
<h3 id="heading-3-11">Cоздаем ф-ю, которая скачивает с сайта юзеров и сохраняет их в БД</h3>
<div style="margin-bottom:var(--mantine-spacing-lg)" class="m_e597c321 mantine-CodeHighlight-codeHighlight" dir="ltr"><div class="m_be7e9c9c mantine-CodeHighlight-controls"><button style="--ai-bg:transparent;--ai-hover:transparent;--ai-color:inherit;--ai-bd:none" class="mantine-focus-auto mantine-active m_d498bab7 mantine-CodeHighlight-control m_8d3f4000 mantine-ActionIcon-root m_87cf2631 mantine-UnstyledButton-root" data-variant="none" type="button" aria-label="Copy code"><span class="m_8d3afb97 mantine-ActionIcon-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke-width="2" stroke="currentColor" fill="none" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path stroke="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z" fill="none"></path><path d="M8 8m0 2a2 2 0 0 1 2 -2h8a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v8a2 2 0 0 1 -2 2h-8a2 2 0 0 1 -2 -2z"></path><path d="M16 8v-2a2 2 0 0 0 -2 -2h-8a2 2 0 0 0 -2 2v8a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2"></path></svg></span></button></div><div style="--scrollarea-scrollbar-size:calc(0.25rem * var(--mantine-scale));--sa-corner-width:0px;--sa-corner-height:0px" class="m_f744fd40 mantine-CodeHighlight-scrollarea m_d57069b5 mantine-ScrollArea-root" dir="ltr"><div style="overflow-x:hidden;overflow-y:hidden;overscroll-behavior-inline:none" class="m_c0783ff9 mantine-ScrollArea-viewport" data-scrollbars="xy"><div class="m_b1336c6 mantine-ScrollArea-content"><pre class="m_2c47c4fd mantine-CodeHighlight-pre" style="padding:0"><code class="m_5caae6d3 mantine-CodeHighlight-code">async def save_user_in_db(u_data):
async with Session() as session:
async with session.begin():
for user in u_data:
name = user['name']
email = user['email']
user = User(name=name, email=email)
session.add(user)
### Добавляем данные юзера в сессию
### Session.commit() делается автоматически при закрытии менеджера контекста, поэтому его здесь не пишем.</code></pre></div></div></div><button class="mantine-focus-auto m_c9378bc2 mantine-CodeHighlight-showCodeButton m_87cf2631 mantine-UnstyledButton-root" data-hidden="true" type="button">Expand code</button></div>
<h3 id="heading-3-12">Cоздаем ф-ю, которая скачивает с сайта посты и сохраняет их в БД</h3>
<div style="margin-bottom:var(--mantine-spacing-lg)" class="m_e597c321 mantine-CodeHighlight-codeHighlight" dir="ltr"><div class="m_be7e9c9c mantine-CodeHighlight-controls"><button style="--ai-bg:transparent;--ai-hover:transparent;--ai-color:inherit;--ai-bd:none" class="mantine-focus-auto mantine-active m_d498bab7 mantine-CodeHighlight-control m_8d3f4000 mantine-ActionIcon-root m_87cf2631 mantine-UnstyledButton-root" data-variant="none" type="button" aria-label="Copy code"><span class="m_8d3afb97 mantine-ActionIcon-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke-width="2" stroke="currentColor" fill="none" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path stroke="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z" fill="none"></path><path d="M8 8m0 2a2 2 0 0 1 2 -2h8a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v8a2 2 0 0 1 -2 2h-8a2 2 0 0 1 -2 -2z"></path><path d="M16 8v-2a2 2 0 0 0 -2 -2h-8a2 2 0 0 0 -2 2v8a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2"></path></svg></span></button></div><div style="--scrollarea-scrollbar-size:calc(0.25rem * var(--mantine-scale));--sa-corner-width:0px;--sa-corner-height:0px" class="m_f744fd40 mantine-CodeHighlight-scrollarea m_d57069b5 mantine-ScrollArea-root" dir="ltr"><div style="overflow-x:hidden;overflow-y:hidden;overscroll-behavior-inline:none" class="m_c0783ff9 mantine-ScrollArea-viewport" data-scrollbars="xy"><div class="m_b1336c6 mantine-ScrollArea-content"><pre class="m_2c47c4fd mantine-CodeHighlight-pre" style="padding:0"><code class="m_5caae6d3 mantine-CodeHighlight-code">async def save_post_in_db(p_data):
async with Session() as session:
async with session.begin():
for post in p_data:
title = post['title']
description = post['body']
user_id = post['userId']
post = Post(title=title, description=description, user_id=user_id)
session.add(post)</code></pre></div></div></div><button class="mantine-focus-auto m_c9378bc2 mantine-CodeHighlight-showCodeButton m_87cf2631 mantine-UnstyledButton-root" data-hidden="true" type="button">Expand code</button></div>
<h3 id="heading-3-13">Создаем модель таблицы User и Post</h3>
<div style="margin-bottom:var(--mantine-spacing-lg)" class="m_e597c321 mantine-CodeHighlight-codeHighlight" dir="ltr"><div class="m_be7e9c9c mantine-CodeHighlight-controls"><button style="--ai-bg:transparent;--ai-hover:transparent;--ai-color:inherit;--ai-bd:none" class="mantine-focus-auto mantine-active m_d498bab7 mantine-CodeHighlight-control m_8d3f4000 mantine-ActionIcon-root m_87cf2631 mantine-UnstyledButton-root" data-variant="none" type="button" aria-label="Copy code"><span class="m_8d3afb97 mantine-ActionIcon-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke-width="2" stroke="currentColor" fill="none" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path stroke="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z" fill="none"></path><path d="M8 8m0 2a2 2 0 0 1 2 -2h8a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v8a2 2 0 0 1 -2 2h-8a2 2 0 0 1 -2 -2z"></path><path d="M16 8v-2a2 2 0 0 0 -2 -2h-8a2 2 0 0 0 -2 2v8a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2"></path></svg></span></button></div><div style="--scrollarea-scrollbar-size:calc(0.25rem * var(--mantine-scale));--sa-corner-width:0px;--sa-corner-height:0px" class="m_f744fd40 mantine-CodeHighlight-scrollarea m_d57069b5 mantine-ScrollArea-root" dir="ltr"><div style="overflow-x:hidden;overflow-y:hidden;overscroll-behavior-inline:none" class="m_c0783ff9 mantine-ScrollArea-viewport" data-scrollbars="xy"><div class="m_b1336c6 mantine-ScrollArea-content"><pre class="m_2c47c4fd mantine-CodeHighlight-pre" style="padding:0"><code class="m_5caae6d3 mantine-CodeHighlight-code">class User(Base):
__tablename__ = 'user'
id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
name = Column(String, nullable=False, default='', server_default='')
email = Column(String, nullable=False, default='', server_default='')
created_at = Column(DateTime, nullable=False, default=datetime.utcnow, server_default=func.now())
posts = relationship('Post', back_populates='users')
def __str__(self):
return f'{self.__class__.__name__}(id={self.id}, name={self.name!r}, email={self.email},' \
f'created_at={self.created_at!r})'
def __repr__(self):
return str(self)
class Post(Base):
__tablename__ = 'posts'
id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
title = Column(String, nullable='', default='', server_default='')
description = Column(String, nullable='', default='', server_default='')
user_id = Column(Integer, ForeignKey('user.id'), nullable=False)
users = relationship('User', back_populates='posts')
def __str__(self):
return f'{self.__class__.__name__}(id={self.id}, title={self.title!r}, description={self.description!r})'
def __repr__(self):
return str(self)</code></pre></div></div></div><button class="mantine-focus-auto m_c9378bc2 mantine-CodeHighlight-showCodeButton m_87cf2631 mantine-UnstyledButton-root" data-hidden="true" type="button">Expand code</button></div>
<p><strong>Результат работы модуля models.py:</strong></p>
<ol>
<li>Подключаемся к БД в докере</li>
<li>Дропаем и создаем заново таблицы (чтобы небыло конфликта с существующими записями)</li>
<li>Сохраняем данные юзеров и постов в БД</li>
</ol>
<p>main.py:</p>
<div style="margin-bottom:var(--mantine-spacing-lg)" class="m_e597c321 mantine-CodeHighlight-codeHighlight" dir="ltr"><div class="m_be7e9c9c mantine-CodeHighlight-controls"><button style="--ai-bg:transparent;--ai-hover:transparent;--ai-color:inherit;--ai-bd:none" class="mantine-focus-auto mantine-active m_d498bab7 mantine-CodeHighlight-control m_8d3f4000 mantine-ActionIcon-root m_87cf2631 mantine-UnstyledButton-root" data-variant="none" type="button" aria-label="Copy code"><span class="m_8d3afb97 mantine-ActionIcon-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke-width="2" stroke="currentColor" fill="none" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path stroke="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z" fill="none"></path><path d="M8 8m0 2a2 2 0 0 1 2 -2h8a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v8a2 2 0 0 1 -2 2h-8a2 2 0 0 1 -2 -2z"></path><path d="M16 8v-2a2 2 0 0 0 -2 -2h-8a2 2 0 0 0 -2 2v8a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2"></path></svg></span></button></div><div style="--scrollarea-scrollbar-size:calc(0.25rem * var(--mantine-scale));--sa-corner-width:0px;--sa-corner-height:0px" class="m_f744fd40 mantine-CodeHighlight-scrollarea m_d57069b5 mantine-ScrollArea-root" dir="ltr"><div style="overflow-x:hidden;overflow-y:hidden;overscroll-behavior-inline:none" class="m_c0783ff9 mantine-ScrollArea-viewport" data-scrollbars="xy"><div class="m_b1336c6 mantine-ScrollArea-content"><pre class="m_2c47c4fd mantine-CodeHighlight-pre" style="padding:0"><code class="m_5caae6d3 mantine-CodeHighlight-code">import asyncio
from json_placeholder import USERS_DATA_URL, POSTS_DATA_URL, fetch_json
from models import create_pg_docker,created_db_tables,cmd, save_post_in_db,save_user_in_db
async def async_main():
await create_pg_docker(cmd)
await created_db_tables()
user_data, post_data = await asyncio.gather(fetch_json(USERS_DATA_URL),
fetch_json(POSTS_DATA_URL))
await save_user_in_db(user_data)
await save_post_in_db(post_data)
def main():
asyncio.run(async_main())
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()</code></pre></div></div></div><button class="mantine-focus-auto m_c9378bc2 mantine-CodeHighlight-showCodeButton m_87cf2631 mantine-UnstyledButton-root" data-hidden="true" type="button">Expand code</button></div>
<p>Что здесь делаем:</p>
<p>Создаем асинхронный main() и запускаем его в синхронном main().
Внутри async_main() последовательно запускаем асинхронные ф-и:</p>
<ol>
<li>Запуск БД в докере</li>
<li>Дроп и создание пустых таблиц</li>
<li>Получение данных юзеров и постов с сайта</li>
<li>Сохранение юзеров в бд</li>
<li>Сохранение постов в бд</li>
<li>Закрытие подключения к бд (происходит неявно, автоматически при завершении работы менеджера контекста)</li>
</ol>
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<ul>
<li>asyncio.gather — метод, который вернет то, что в него было положено, в том же порядке. (deprecated in python 3.10!!!)</li>
<li>asyncio.run - метод, создающий event loop для асинхронных ф-ий.</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Результат работы main.py:</strong> В БД, в таблице User появляется 10 пользователей, в таблице Post — 100 записей, связанных отношением many to one к юзерам, написавших их.</p>
<p>P.S. Если будете копировать код - используйте IDE для его запуска т.к. где-то может стоять 4 пробела, а где-то табуляция. Но лучше не копировать, а руками перепечатать, так лучше запомнится и поймется.</p></div><div class=""><div style="--group-gap:var(--mantine-spacing-md);--group-align:center;--group-justify:space-between;--group-wrap:wrap;margin-bottom:var(--mantine-spacing-lg)" class="m_4081bf90 mantine-Group-root"><div class="m_4451eb3a mantine-Center-root" data-inline="true"><div style="--ti-size:var(--ti-size-xs);--ti-bg:transparent;--ti-color:var(--mantine-color-indigo-light-color);--ti-bd:calc(0.0625rem * var(--mantine-scale)) solid transparent;margin-inline-end:var(--mantine-spacing-xs);color:inherit" class="m_7341320d mantine-ThemeIcon-root" data-variant="transparent" data-size="xs"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="tabler-icon tabler-icon-user "><path d="M8 7a4 4 0 1 0 8 0a4 4 0 0 0 -8 0"></path><path d="M6 21v-2a4 4 0 0 1 4 -4h4a4 4 0 0 1 4 4v2"></path></svg></div><p style="margin-inline-end:var(--mantine-spacing-xl)" class="mantine-focus-auto m_b6d8b162 mantine-Text-root">Valeriy Poltoranin</p><p class="mantine-focus-auto m_b6d8b162 mantine-Text-root">5 лет назад</p></div><div style="align-items:center" class="m_8bffd616 mantine-Flex-root __m__-_R_5dirddmiub_"><a style="display:inline-flex" class="mantine-focus-auto m_849cf0da m_b6d8b162 mantine-Text-root mantine-Anchor-root" data-underline="hover" href="/blog/posts/uchim_piton_-5-praktika-asinhronnye-funktsii/votes"><div style="--ti-size:var(--ti-size-sm);--ti-bg:transparent;--ti-color:var(--mantine-color-indigo-light-color);--ti-bd:calc(0.0625rem * var(--mantine-scale)) solid transparent;margin-inline-end:var(--mantine-spacing-xs);color:inherit" class="m_7341320d mantine-ThemeIcon-root" data-variant="transparent" data-size="sm"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="tabler-icon tabler-icon-thumb-up "><path d="M7 11v8a1 1 0 0 1 -1 1h-2a1 1 0 0 1 -1 -1v-7a1 1 0 0 1 1 -1h3a4 4 0 0 0 4 -4v-1a2 2 0 0 1 4 0v5h3a2 2 0 0 1 2 2l-1 5a2 3 0 0 1 -2 2h-7a3 3 0 0 1 -3 -3"></path></svg></div></a><p class="mantine-focus-auto m_b6d8b162 mantine-Text-root">1</p></div></div></div><div style="background-color:var(--mantine-color-indigo-light);border:calc(0.0625rem * var(--mantine-scale)) solid transparent;padding:var(--mantine-spacing-xl)" class="m_e615b15f mantine-Card-root m_1b7284a3 mantine-Paper-root"><p style="margin-bottom:var(--mantine-spacing-sm);font-size:var(--mantine-font-size-h4)" class="mantine-focus-auto m_b6d8b162 mantine-Text-root">Читайте также:</p><ul style="margin-inline-start:var(--mantine-spacing-lg)" class="m_abbac491 mantine-List-root"><li style="margin-bottom:var(--mantine-spacing-sm)" class="m_abb6bec2 mantine-List-item" data-with-icon="true"><div class="m_75cd9f71 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сайт</a></span></div></li><li style="margin-bottom:var(--mantine-spacing-sm)" class="m_abb6bec2 mantine-List-item" data-with-icon="true"><div class="m_75cd9f71 mantine-List-itemWrapper"><span class="m_60f83e5b mantine-List-itemIcon"><div class="m_4451eb3a mantine-Center-root"><div style="--ti-size:var(--ti-size-xs);--ti-bg:transparent;--ti-color:var(--mantine-color-indigo-light-color);--ti-bd:calc(0.0625rem * var(--mantine-scale)) solid transparent;color:inherit" class="m_7341320d mantine-ThemeIcon-root" data-variant="transparent" data-size="xs"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="tabler-icon tabler-icon-chevron-compact-right "><path d="M11 4l3 8l-3 8"></path></svg></div></div></span><span class="mantine-List-itemLabel"><a style="color:inherit" class="mantine-focus-auto m_849cf0da m_b6d8b162 mantine-Text-root mantine-Anchor-root" 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