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<title>Почему функция «возвращает» значение?</title>
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D.","id":3,"is_tutor":false},"tags":[{"id":1443,"slug":"frontend","name":"Фронтенд"}],"id":180,"title":"Почему функция «возвращает» значение?","slug":"why-return","state":"published","summary":"Изучающие программирование часто удивляются: почему функция «возвращает» результат? Почему именно такое странное слово — **«возврат»**? Как будто мы сначала даём ей результат, а потом она его возвращает обратно.","votes_count":68,"created_at":"2018-02-01T14:38:27.694Z","published_at":"2018-02-01T14:44:16.023Z","body":"Изучающие программирование часто удивляются: почему функция «возвращает» результат? Почему именно такое странное слово — **«возврат»**? Как будто мы сначала даём ей результат, а потом она его возвращает обратно.\r\n\r\nПонятно, что это не так. Мы даём функции аргументы (а иногда и вообще не даём ничего), а она даёт нам в ответ какую-то информацию… А иногда не даёт! Тогда мы говорим «она ничего не возвратила».\r\n\r\nСтранно!\r\n\r\nДело в том, что `return` означает не возврат информации, а возврат управления. \r\n\r\n::programs\r\n\r\nПри вызове функции текущий код становится на паузу и передаёт управление в функцию. Функция делает свои дела и **возвращает управление** в то место, где происходил вызов. И заодно может отправить какую-то информацию туда.\r\n\r\nЧто за управление? Управление той штукой, которая исполняет код. Грубо говоря — управление компьютером. Код передаёт функции пульт управления компьютером, а функция потом возвращает его обратно.\r\n\r\n```javascript\r\nconst sum = (a, b) => {\r\n const answer = a + b;\r\n return answer;\r\n}\r\n```\r\n\r\nМы привыкли читать подобный код как «функция возвращает значение `answer`», но правильнее будет читать «функция возвращает управление в место вызова и отправляет туда значение answer».\r\n\r\nИменно поэтому внутри функции возможен такой код:\r\n\r\n```javascript\r\n...\r\n return;\r\n...\r\n```\r\n\r\nЗдесь функция не «возвращает ничего», а «возвращает управление в место вызова и не отправляет туда никакую информацию».\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n::posts\r\n\r\nКонечно, такая формулировка хоть и технически более корректна, в реальной жизни нет смысла отказываться от «возвращает значение». Это, можно сказать, общепринятое сокращение.\r\n\r\n\r\n> #### Полезная информация\r\n> Начните изучать разработку с бесплатного курса [«Основы современной вёрстки»](https://ru.hexlet.io/courses/layout-designer-basics). Вы научитесь создавать статические веб-страницы, стилизовать элементы, использовать редакторы кода с полезными расширениями. В конце курса вы опубликуете свой первый сайт на GitHub Pages.","reading_time":1,"url":"https://ru.hexlet.io/blog/posts/why-return","cover_thumb_variant":null,"cover_list_variant":"/vite/assets/blog_post-7eTyeLLt.webp","cover_main_variant":"/vite/assets/blog_post-7eTyeLLt.webp","related_stacks_count":5},"relatedPosts":[{"model_name":"BlogPost","id":12,"title":"Среды разработки: какие они бывают и чем отличаются друг от друга","slug":"environment","summary":"Сооснователь Хекслета Кирилл Мокевнин рассказывает, какие бывают среды разработки, как проводится контроль и испытание фичи и что такое интеграция.","created_at":"2016-08-23T14:10:57.533Z","published_at":"2023-03-21T13:40:16.878Z","cover_list_variant":"/vite/assets/blog_post-7eTyeLLt.webp"},{"model_name":"BlogPost","id":2,"title":"10 советов, как более эффективно учиться в Хекслете","slug":"10-sovetov-o-tom-kak-bolee-effectivno-uchitsya-na-hexlet","summary":"Делимся десятью лайфхаками, которые повысят эффективность обучения на Хекслете.","created_at":"2016-07-29T16:52:44.532Z","published_at":"2022-11-07T14:23:05.569Z","cover_list_variant":"/vite/assets/blog_post-7eTyeLLt.webp"},{"model_name":"BlogPost","id":129,"title":"Как работать с командной строкой эффективно: 6 советов от разработчика Дейва Керра","slug":"effective_shell_navigation","summary":"Чем больше программист работает в командной строке, тем сложнее ему ориентироваться в тексте и командах. Мы перевели статью разработчика Дейва Керра и узнали, как с помощью сочетаний клавиш (шорткатов) упростить навигацию и поиск в командной строке.","created_at":"2017-07-03T09:54:55.442Z","published_at":"2022-10-28T10:49:59.501Z","cover_list_variant":"/vite/assets/blog_post-7eTyeLLt.webp"}],"category":{"id":4,"name":"Код","slug":"code","state":"published","created_at":"2016-08-23T13:33:44.258Z"},"mainStackCategory":{"id":12,"name":"Курсы по JavaScript","slug":"javascript","short_name":"JavaScript","order":71,"state":"published","category_slug":"courses_javascript"},"categories":[{"id":6,"name":"Мотивация","slug":"motivation","state":"published","created_at":"2016-10-06T18:31:38.903Z"},{"id":3,"name":"Истории успеха","slug":"success","state":"published","created_at":"2016-07-30T12:57:18.308Z"},{"id":14,"name":"Дневник 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style="--image-radius:var(--mantine-radius-md);--image-object-fit:cover;width:100%;height:100%" class="m_9e117634 mantine-Image-root" src="/vite/assets/blog_post-7eTyeLLt.webp" alt="Почему функция «возвращает» значение?"/></div></div><div role="link" tabindex="0" style="cursor:pointer"><button style="display:block;width:100%" class="mantine-focus-auto m_87cf2631 mantine-UnstyledButton-root" type="button" aria-label="Присоединяйтесь к нашему Telegram-сообществу"><div style="background-color:light-dark(var(--mantine-color-gray-1), var(--mantine-color-dark-6))" class="m_e615b15f mantine-Card-root m_1b7284a3 mantine-Paper-root"><div style="--group-gap:var(--mantine-spacing-md);--group-align:center;--group-justify:flex-start;--group-wrap:wrap" class="m_4081bf90 mantine-Group-root"><div style="--ti-bg:transparent;--ti-color:var(--mantine-color-indigo-light-color);--ti-bd:calc(0.0625rem * var(--mantine-scale)) solid transparent;margin-inline-end:auto;color:inherit" class="m_7341320d mantine-ThemeIcon-root" data-variant="transparent"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="tabler-icon tabler-icon-brand-telegram "><path d="M15 10l-4 4l6 6l4 -16l-18 7l4 2l2 6l3 -4"></path></svg></div>Присоединяйтесь к нашему Telegram-сообществу</div></div></button></div><div style="margin-bottom:var(--mantine-spacing-xl)" class="m_d08caa0 mantine-Typography-root"><p>Изучающие программирование часто удивляются: почему функция «возвращает» результат? Почему именно такое странное слово — <strong>«возврат»</strong>? Как будто мы сначала даём ей результат, а потом она его возвращает обратно.</p>
<p>Понятно, что это не так. Мы даём функции аргументы (а иногда и вообще не даём ничего), а она даёт нам в ответ какую-то информацию… А иногда не даёт! Тогда мы говорим «она ничего не возвратила».</p>
<p>Странно!</p>
<p>Дело в том, что <code style="margin-bottom:var(--mantine-spacing-lg)" class="m_dfe9c588 mantine-InlineCodeHighlight-inlineCodeHighlight m_e597c321 mantine-CodeHighlight-codeHighlight m_dfe9c588 mantine-InlineCodeHighlight-inlineCodeHighlight">return</code> означает не возврат информации, а возврат управления.</p>
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style="--group-gap:calc(0.25rem * var(--mantine-scale));--group-align:center;--group-justify:flex-start;--group-wrap:nowrap" class="m_4081bf90 mantine-Group-root"><span style="font-size:var(--mantine-font-size-sm)" class="mantine-focus-auto m_b6d8b162 mantine-Text-root">1 месяц</span><span class="mantine-focus-auto m_b6d8b162 mantine-Text-root">·</span><span style="font-size:var(--mantine-font-size-sm)" class="mantine-focus-auto m_b6d8b162 mantine-Text-root">Для продвинутых</span></div><p style="margin-bottom:var(--mantine-spacing-sm);font-size:var(--mantine-font-size-h5);font-weight:bold" class="mantine-focus-auto m_b6d8b162 mantine-Text-root">СИКП на Python</p><p class="mantine-focus-auto m_b6d8b162 mantine-Text-root">Изучите Python на глубоком уровне для решения сложных задач</p><div style="margin-top:auto" class=""><div class="m_4451eb3a mantine-Center-root"><img style="opacity:0.8;width:70%" class="m_9e117634 mantine-Image-root mantine-visible-from-xs" 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style="cursor:pointer;height:100%"><a style="text-decoration:none" class="mantine-focus-auto m_849cf0da m_b6d8b162 mantine-Text-root mantine-Anchor-root" data-underline="hover" href="/programs/frontend?promo_name=programs_list&promo_position=blog_post&promo_creative=catalog_card&promo_type=card" target="_blank"><div style="height:100%" class="m_e615b15f mantine-Card-root m_1b7284a3 mantine-Paper-root" data-with-border="true"><div style="--group-gap:calc(0.25rem * var(--mantine-scale));--group-align:center;--group-justify:flex-start;--group-wrap:nowrap" class="m_4081bf90 mantine-Group-root"><span style="font-size:var(--mantine-font-size-sm)" class="mantine-focus-auto m_b6d8b162 mantine-Text-root">10 месяцев</span><span class="mantine-focus-auto m_b6d8b162 mantine-Text-root">·</span><span style="font-size:var(--mantine-font-size-sm)" class="mantine-focus-auto m_b6d8b162 mantine-Text-root">С нуля</span></div><p 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<p>При вызове функции текущий код становится на паузу и передаёт управление в функцию. Функция делает свои дела и <strong>возвращает управление</strong> в то место, где происходил вызов. И заодно может отправить какую-то информацию туда.</p>
<p>Что за управление? Управление той штукой, которая исполняет код. Грубо говоря — управление компьютером. Код передаёт функции пульт управления компьютером, а функция потом возвращает его обратно.</p>
<div style="margin-bottom:var(--mantine-spacing-lg)" class="m_e597c321 mantine-CodeHighlight-codeHighlight" dir="ltr"><div class="m_be7e9c9c mantine-CodeHighlight-controls"><button style="--ai-bg:transparent;--ai-hover:transparent;--ai-color:inherit;--ai-bd:none" class="mantine-focus-auto mantine-active m_d498bab7 mantine-CodeHighlight-control m_8d3f4000 mantine-ActionIcon-root m_87cf2631 mantine-UnstyledButton-root" data-variant="none" type="button" aria-label="Copy code"><span class="m_8d3afb97 mantine-ActionIcon-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke-width="2" stroke="currentColor" fill="none" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path stroke="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z" fill="none"></path><path d="M8 8m0 2a2 2 0 0 1 2 -2h8a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v8a2 2 0 0 1 -2 2h-8a2 2 0 0 1 -2 -2z"></path><path d="M16 8v-2a2 2 0 0 0 -2 -2h-8a2 2 0 0 0 -2 2v8a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2"></path></svg></span></button></div><div style="--scrollarea-scrollbar-size:calc(0.25rem * var(--mantine-scale));--sa-corner-width:0px;--sa-corner-height:0px" class="m_f744fd40 mantine-CodeHighlight-scrollarea m_d57069b5 mantine-ScrollArea-root" dir="ltr"><div style="overflow-x:hidden;overflow-y:hidden;overscroll-behavior-inline:none" class="m_c0783ff9 mantine-ScrollArea-viewport" data-scrollbars="xy"><div class="m_b1336c6 mantine-ScrollArea-content"><pre class="m_2c47c4fd mantine-CodeHighlight-pre" style="padding:0"><code class="m_5caae6d3 mantine-CodeHighlight-code">const sum = (a, b) => {
const answer = a + b;
return answer;
}</code></pre></div></div></div><button class="mantine-focus-auto m_c9378bc2 mantine-CodeHighlight-showCodeButton m_87cf2631 mantine-UnstyledButton-root" data-hidden="true" type="button">Expand code</button></div>
<p>Мы привыкли читать подобный код как «функция возвращает значение <code style="margin-bottom:var(--mantine-spacing-lg)" class="m_dfe9c588 mantine-InlineCodeHighlight-inlineCodeHighlight m_e597c321 mantine-CodeHighlight-codeHighlight m_dfe9c588 mantine-InlineCodeHighlight-inlineCodeHighlight">answer</code>», но правильнее будет читать «функция возвращает управление в место вызова и отправляет туда значение answer».</p>
<p>Именно поэтому внутри функции возможен такой код:</p>
<div style="margin-bottom:var(--mantine-spacing-lg)" class="m_e597c321 mantine-CodeHighlight-codeHighlight" dir="ltr"><div class="m_be7e9c9c mantine-CodeHighlight-controls"><button style="--ai-bg:transparent;--ai-hover:transparent;--ai-color:inherit;--ai-bd:none" class="mantine-focus-auto mantine-active m_d498bab7 mantine-CodeHighlight-control m_8d3f4000 mantine-ActionIcon-root m_87cf2631 mantine-UnstyledButton-root" data-variant="none" type="button" aria-label="Copy code"><span class="m_8d3afb97 mantine-ActionIcon-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke-width="2" stroke="currentColor" fill="none" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path stroke="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z" fill="none"></path><path d="M8 8m0 2a2 2 0 0 1 2 -2h8a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v8a2 2 0 0 1 -2 2h-8a2 2 0 0 1 -2 -2z"></path><path d="M16 8v-2a2 2 0 0 0 -2 -2h-8a2 2 0 0 0 -2 2v8a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2"></path></svg></span></button></div><div style="--scrollarea-scrollbar-size:calc(0.25rem * var(--mantine-scale));--sa-corner-width:0px;--sa-corner-height:0px" class="m_f744fd40 mantine-CodeHighlight-scrollarea m_d57069b5 mantine-ScrollArea-root" dir="ltr"><div style="overflow-x:hidden;overflow-y:hidden;overscroll-behavior-inline:none" class="m_c0783ff9 mantine-ScrollArea-viewport" data-scrollbars="xy"><div class="m_b1336c6 mantine-ScrollArea-content"><pre class="m_2c47c4fd mantine-CodeHighlight-pre" style="padding:0"><code class="m_5caae6d3 mantine-CodeHighlight-code">...
return;
...</code></pre></div></div></div><button class="mantine-focus-auto m_c9378bc2 mantine-CodeHighlight-showCodeButton m_87cf2631 mantine-UnstyledButton-root" data-hidden="true" type="button">Expand code</button></div>
<p>Здесь функция не «возвращает ничего», а «возвращает управление в место вызова и не отправляет туда никакую информацию».</p>
<p><img style="--image-object-fit:contain;width:auto" class="m_9e117634 mantine-Image-root" src="https://i.imgur.com/QEpP8uo.png" alt="function return" loading="lazy"/></p>
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mantine-Anchor-root" data-underline="hover" href="/blog/posts/effective_shell_navigation"><div style="padding-top:0rem;height:100%" class="m_e615b15f mantine-Card-root m_1b7284a3 mantine-Paper-root" data-with-border="true"><div style="margin-bottom:var(--mantine-spacing-sm)" class="m_599a2148 mantine-Card-section" data-first-section="true"><div style="--ar-ratio:2" class="m_71ac47fc mantine-AspectRatio-root"><img class="m_9e117634 mantine-Image-root" src="/vite/assets/blog_post-7eTyeLLt.webp" loading="lazy" alt="Как работать с командной строкой эффективно: 6 советов от разработчика Дейва Керра"/></div></div><p style="margin-bottom:var(--mantine-spacing-xs);font-size:var(--mantine-font-size-lg);font-weight:bold" class="mantine-focus-auto m_b6d8b162 mantine-Text-root">Как работать с командной строкой эффективно: 6 советов от разработчика Дейва Керра</p><p style="margin-bottom:auto" class="mantine-focus-auto m_b6d8b162 mantine-Text-root">Чем больше программист работает в командной строке, тем сложнее ему ориентироваться в тексте и ко...</p><div style="--group-gap:var(--mantine-spacing-md);--group-align:center;--group-justify:space-between;--group-wrap:wrap;margin-top:var(--mantine-spacing-lg);font-size:var(--mantine-font-size-sm)" class="m_4081bf90 mantine-Group-root">28 октября 2022 г.<p style="font-size:inherit" class="mantine-focus-auto m_b6d8b162 mantine-Text-root">Посмотреть →</p></div></div></a></div></div></div></div></div>
<p>Конечно, такая формулировка хоть и технически более корректна, в реальной жизни нет смысла отказываться от «возвращает значение». Это, можно сказать, общепринятое сокращение.</p>
<blockquote>
<h4 id="heading-4-1">Полезная информация</h4>
<p>Начните изучать разработку с бесплатного курса <a style="text-decoration:underline" class="mantine-focus-auto m_849cf0da m_b6d8b162 mantine-Text-root mantine-Anchor-root" data-underline="hover" href="https://ru.hexlet.io/courses/layout-designer-basics" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">«Основы современной вёрстки»</a>. Вы научитесь создавать статические веб-страницы, стилизовать элементы, использовать редакторы кода с полезными расширениями. В конце курса вы опубликуете свой первый сайт на GitHub Pages.</p>
</blockquote></div><div class=""><div style="--group-gap:var(--mantine-spacing-md);--group-align:center;--group-justify:space-between;--group-wrap:wrap;margin-bottom:var(--mantine-spacing-lg)" class="m_4081bf90 mantine-Group-root"><div class="m_4451eb3a mantine-Center-root" data-inline="true"><div style="--ti-size:var(--ti-size-xs);--ti-bg:transparent;--ti-color:var(--mantine-color-indigo-light-color);--ti-bd:calc(0.0625rem * var(--mantine-scale)) solid transparent;margin-inline-end:var(--mantine-spacing-xs);color:inherit" class="m_7341320d mantine-ThemeIcon-root" data-variant="transparent" data-size="xs"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="tabler-icon tabler-icon-user "><path d="M8 7a4 4 0 1 0 8 0a4 4 0 0 0 -8 0"></path><path d="M6 21v-2a4 4 0 0 1 4 -4h4a4 4 0 0 1 4 4v2"></path></svg></div><p style="margin-inline-end:var(--mantine-spacing-xl)" class="mantine-focus-auto m_b6d8b162 mantine-Text-root">R. D.</p><p class="mantine-focus-auto m_b6d8b162 mantine-Text-root">8 лет назад</p></div><div style="align-items:center" class="m_8bffd616 mantine-Flex-root __m__-_R_5dirddmiub_"><a style="display:inline-flex" class="mantine-focus-auto m_849cf0da m_b6d8b162 mantine-Text-root mantine-Anchor-root" data-underline="hover" href="/blog/posts/why-return/votes"><div style="--ti-size:var(--ti-size-sm);--ti-bg:transparent;--ti-color:var(--mantine-color-indigo-light-color);--ti-bd:calc(0.0625rem * var(--mantine-scale)) solid transparent;margin-inline-end:var(--mantine-spacing-xs);color:inherit" class="m_7341320d mantine-ThemeIcon-root" data-variant="transparent" data-size="sm"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="tabler-icon tabler-icon-thumb-up "><path d="M7 11v8a1 1 0 0 1 -1 1h-2a1 1 0 0 1 -1 -1v-7a1 1 0 0 1 1 -1h3a4 4 0 0 0 4 -4v-1a2 2 0 0 1 4 0v5h3a2 2 0 0 1 2 2l-1 5a2 3 0 0 1 -2 2h-7a3 3 0 0 1 -3 -3"></path></svg></div></a><p class="mantine-focus-auto m_b6d8b162 mantine-Text-root">68</p></div></div></div><div style="background-color:var(--mantine-color-indigo-light);border:calc(0.0625rem * var(--mantine-scale)) solid transparent;padding:var(--mantine-spacing-xl)" class="m_e615b15f mantine-Card-root m_1b7284a3 mantine-Paper-root"><p style="margin-bottom:var(--mantine-spacing-sm);font-size:var(--mantine-font-size-h4)" class="mantine-focus-auto m_b6d8b162 mantine-Text-root">Читайте также:</p><ul style="margin-inline-start:var(--mantine-spacing-lg)" class="m_abbac491 mantine-List-root"><li style="margin-bottom:var(--mantine-spacing-sm)" class="m_abb6bec2 mantine-List-item" data-with-icon="true"><div class="m_75cd9f71 mantine-List-itemWrapper"><span class="m_60f83e5b mantine-List-itemIcon"><div class="m_4451eb3a mantine-Center-root"><div 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Хекслете</a></span></div></li><li style="margin-bottom:var(--mantine-spacing-sm)" class="m_abb6bec2 mantine-List-item" data-with-icon="true"><div class="m_75cd9f71 mantine-List-itemWrapper"><span class="m_60f83e5b mantine-List-itemIcon"><div class="m_4451eb3a mantine-Center-root"><div style="--ti-size:var(--ti-size-xs);--ti-bg:transparent;--ti-color:var(--mantine-color-indigo-light-color);--ti-bd:calc(0.0625rem * var(--mantine-scale)) solid transparent;color:inherit" class="m_7341320d mantine-ThemeIcon-root" data-variant="transparent" data-size="xs"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="tabler-icon tabler-icon-chevron-compact-right "><path d="M11 4l3 8l-3 8"></path></svg></div></div></span><span class="mantine-List-itemLabel"><a style="color:inherit" class="mantine-focus-auto m_849cf0da m_b6d8b162 mantine-Text-root mantine-Anchor-root" 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