Rivalry2

Основы Java
2026-02-26 17:12 Diff
https://ru.hexlet.io/courses/java-basics/lessons/constants/theory_unit
Некоторые данные никогда не меняются — например, математические постоянные. Возьмем число π. Приближенно оно всегда равно 3.14 и не может измениться.
Для обращения к подобным данным в Java принято использовать константы:
В отличие от переменных, в начале определения константы используют ключевое слово final. Оно сообщает компилятору запрет на изменение. Любая попытка поменять константу приведет к ошибке.
Константа, как и переменная, может использоваться в любом выражении. Единственное ограничение — константу нельзя изменить, что звучит довольно логично.
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Выводить значение на экран не требуется.\n&quot;,&quot;prepared_readme&quot;:&quot;## src/main/java/io/hexlet/App.java\n\nСоздайте константу `dragonsBornCount` и запишите в неё число 3 — это количество драконов, родившихся у Дайенерис. Выводить значение на экран не требуется.\n&quot;,&quot;has_solution&quot;:true,&quot;entity_name&quot;:&quot;Константы&quot;},&quot;units&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:13700,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;theory&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/courses/java-basics/lessons/constants/theory_unit&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:13701,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;quiz&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/courses/java-basics/lessons/constants/quiz_unit&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:13773,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;exercise&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/courses/java-basics/lessons/constants/exercise_unit&quot;}],&quot;links&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:428823,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;final переменные в Java&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://docs.oracle.com/javase/specs/jls/se8/html/jls-4.html#d5e5006\n&quot;}],&quot;ordered_units&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:13700,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;theory&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/courses/java-basics/lessons/constants/theory_unit&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:13701,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;quiz&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/courses/java-basics/lessons/constants/quiz_unit&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:13773,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;exercise&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/courses/java-basics/lessons/constants/exercise_unit&quot;}],&quot;id&quot;:5803,&quot;slug&quot;:&quot;constants&quot;,&quot;state&quot;:&quot;approved&quot;,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Константы&quot;,&quot;course_order&quot;:188,&quot;goal&quot;:&quot;Узнаем, как хранить неизменяемые даные&quot;,&quot;self_study&quot;:null,&quot;theory_video_provider&quot;:null,&quot;theory_video_uid&quot;:null,&quot;theory&quot;:&quot;Некоторые данные никогда не меняются — например, математические постоянные. Возьмем число _π_. Приближенно оно всегда равно _3.14_ и не может измениться.\n\nДля обращения к подобным данным в Java принято использовать константы:\n\n```java\nfinal var pi = 3.14;\nSystem.out.println(pi); // 3.14\n```\n\nВ отличие от переменных, в начале определения константы используют ключевое слово `final`. Оно сообщает компилятору запрет на изменение. Любая попытка поменять константу приведет к ошибке.\n\nКонстанта, как и переменная, может использоваться в любом выражении. Единственное ограничение — константу нельзя изменить, что звучит довольно логично.\n&quot;},&quot;lessonMember&quot;:null,&quot;courseMember&quot;:null,&quot;course&quot;:{&quot;start_lesson&quot;:{&quot;exercise&quot;:null,&quot;units&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:4991,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;theory&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/courses/java-basics/lessons/intro/theory_unit&quot;}],&quot;links&quot;:[],&quot;ordered_units&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:4991,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;theory&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/courses/java-basics/lessons/intro/theory_unit&quot;}],&quot;id&quot;:2255,&quot;slug&quot;:&quot;intro&quot;,&quot;state&quot;:&quot;approved&quot;,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Введение&quot;,&quot;course_order&quot;:100,&quot;goal&quot;:&quot;Знакомимся с курсом&quot;,&quot;self_study&quot;:null,&quot;theory_video_provider&quot;:null,&quot;theory_video_uid&quot;:null,&quot;theory&quot;:&quot;Java — язык программирования общего назначения, который является одним из самых востребованных языков. Он используется для создания приложений в разных областях: в вебе, разработке игр, мобильного ПО, и даже программ для корпораций и научных институтов.\n\nПодавляющее большинство крупных компаний так или иначе используют Java. Очень много серверных приложений для корпораций написаны на этом языке. Например, речь идет о программах для финансовых организаций, которые обеспечивают проведение транзакций, фиксацию торговых операций.\n\nНа Java написано много веб-приложений. Популярные фреймворки, в том числе Spring, Struts, JSP, используются для создания разных приложений в вебе: от ecommerce-проектов до крупных порталов, от образовательных платформ до правительственных ресурсов. Потому работу на Java можно найти практически везде. Профессия Java-разработчик на Хекслете дает все необходимые знания и навыки для трудоустройства, и именно с этого курса начинается погружение в сам язык.\n\nКурс включает в себя основы программирования на Java и объясняет важные базовые вещи: типы данных и их представление, стандарты именования, кодирование строк, работа над ошибками, побочные эффекты и многое другое.\n\nИзучение основ программирования с самого нуля требует особого способа организации учебного материала. На первом этапе необходимо первичное привыкание к языковым конструкциям и закрепление их на практике.\n\nЦели данного курса:\n\n* Познакомиться с основными конструкциями языка\n* Научиться работать в среде Хекслета, разобраться со структурой практических заданий\n* Познакомиться с отладкой и научиться эффективно ее выполнять\n\nКаждый урок курса заканчивается вопросами для самоконтроля и упражнением, а после курса вас ждет множество дополнительных заданий, которые желательно выполнить до перехода на следующий курс. Эти задания охватывают сразу весь материал курса и помогают наработать необходимую практику для дальнейшего продвижения по профессии.\n&quot;},&quot;id&quot;:251,&quot;slug&quot;:&quot;java-basics&quot;,&quot;challenges_count&quot;:7,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Основы Java&quot;,&quot;allow_indexing&quot;:true,&quot;state&quot;:&quot;approved&quot;,&quot;course_state&quot;:&quot;finished&quot;,&quot;pricing_type&quot;:&quot;free&quot;,&quot;description&quot;:&quot;На этом курсе вы изучите основы языка Java. Вы познакомитесь с типами данных в Java, а также узнаете больше о методах, условиях, циклах и других основных конструкциях этого языка программирования. В итоге вы научитесь писать несложные программы, использовать и определять методы, искать и анализировать ошибки в коде.\n\nОбучение включает в себя основы программирования на Java и объясняет важные базовые вещи: типы данных и их представление в языке, стандарты именования и кодирование строк. После курса вы начнете понимать, как происходит работа над ошибками и как возникают побочные эффекты.\n\nОсвоить программирование на Java c нуля непросто, поэтому во время обучения вы будете закреплять теорию на практике. Уже с первых уроков вы начнете выполнять упражнения, которые помогут быстрее привыкнуть к особенностям языка. Знания из этого курса помогут получить основное представление о языке Java, его принципах и особенностях.&quot;,&quot;kind&quot;:&quot;basic&quot;,&quot;updated_at&quot;:&quot;2026-02-24T17:41:26.946Z&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;java&quot;,&quot;duration_cache&quot;:296340,&quot;skills&quot;:[&quot;Создавать несложные программы, используя основные конструкции языка (условия, циклы, методы и другие)&quot;,&quot;Разделять код на методы для повторного использования&quot;,&quot;Правильно анализировать ошибки в коде и пользоваться отладочной печатью при их 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#fed4d4;--mantine-color-red-2: #f4a7a8;--mantine-color-red-3: #ec7878;--mantine-color-red-4: #e55050;--mantine-color-red-5: #e03131;--mantine-color-red-6: #e02829;--mantine-color-red-7: #c71a1c;--mantine-color-red-8: #b21218;--mantine-color-red-9: #9c0411;--mantine-color-violet-0: #fce9ff;--mantine-color-violet-1: #f1cfff;--mantine-color-violet-2: #e09bff;--mantine-color-violet-3: #d16fff;--mantine-color-violet-4: #be37fe;--mantine-color-violet-5: #b51afe;--mantine-color-violet-6: #b009ff;--mantine-color-violet-7: #9b00e4;--mantine-color-violet-8: #8a00cc;--mantine-color-violet-9: #7800b3;--mantine-color-indigo-0: #edecff;--mantine-color-indigo-1: #d6d5fe;--mantine-color-indigo-2: #aaa9f4;--mantine-color-indigo-3: #7b79eb;--mantine-color-indigo-4: #5451e4;--mantine-color-indigo-5: #3b37e0;--mantine-color-indigo-6: #2d2adf;--mantine-color-indigo-7: #1f1ec7;--mantine-color-indigo-8: #1819b2;--mantine-color-indigo-9: #0c149e;--mantine-color-cyan-0: #dffdff;--mantine-color-cyan-1: 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0.05);--mantine-color-teal-filled: var(--mantine-color-teal-5);--mantine-color-teal-filled-hover: var(--mantine-color-teal-6);--mantine-color-teal-light: rgba(99, 230, 190, 0.15);--mantine-color-teal-light-hover: rgba(99, 230, 190, 0.2);--mantine-color-teal-light-color: var(--mantine-color-teal-0);--mantine-color-teal-outline: var(--mantine-color-teal-1);--mantine-color-teal-outline-hover: rgba(195, 250, 232, 0.05);--mantine-color-green-filled: var(--mantine-color-green-5);--mantine-color-green-filled-hover: var(--mantine-color-green-6);--mantine-color-green-light: rgba(134, 223, 148, 0.15);--mantine-color-green-light-hover: rgba(134, 223, 148, 0.2);--mantine-color-green-light-color: var(--mantine-color-green-0);--mantine-color-green-outline: var(--mantine-color-green-1);--mantine-color-green-outline-hover: rgba(215, 246, 220, 0.05);--mantine-color-lime-filled: var(--mantine-color-lime-5);--mantine-color-lime-filled-hover: var(--mantine-color-lime-6);--mantine-color-lime-light: 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:root[data-mantine-color-scheme="light"], :host([data-mantine-color-scheme="light"]){--mantine-color-anchor: var(--mantine-color-text);--mantine-color-dimmed: #495057;--mantine-color-red-light: rgba(224, 40, 41, 0.1);--mantine-color-red-light-hover: rgba(224, 40, 41, 0.12);--mantine-color-red-outline-hover: rgba(224, 40, 41, 0.05);--mantine-color-violet-light: rgba(176, 9, 255, 0.1);--mantine-color-violet-light-hover: rgba(176, 9, 255, 0.12);--mantine-color-violet-outline-hover: rgba(176, 9, 255, 0.05);--mantine-color-indigo-light: rgba(45, 42, 223, 0.1);--mantine-color-indigo-light-hover: rgba(45, 42, 223, 0.12);--mantine-color-indigo-outline-hover: rgba(45, 42, 223, 0.05);--mantine-color-cyan-light: rgba(0, 194, 255, 0.1);--mantine-color-cyan-light-hover: rgba(0, 194, 255, 0.12);--mantine-color-cyan-outline-hover: rgba(0, 194, 255, 0.05);--mantine-color-green-light: rgba(63, 204, 84, 0.1);--mantine-color-green-light-hover: rgba(63, 204, 84, 0.12);--mantine-color-green-outline-hover: 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{.mantine-hidden-from-lg {display: none !important;}}@media (max-width: 87.99375em) {.mantine-visible-from-xl {display: none !important;}}@media (min-width: 88em) {.mantine-hidden-from-xl {display: none !important;}}</style><div style="position:absolute;top:0rem" class=""></div><div style="max-width:var(--container-size-xl);height:100%;min-height:0rem" class=""><style data-mantine-styles="inline">.__m__-_R_5ub_{--grid-gutter:0rem;}</style><div style="height:100%;min-height:0rem" class="m_410352e9 mantine-Grid-root __m__-_R_5ub_"><div class="m_dee7bd2f mantine-Grid-inner" style="height:100%"><style data-mantine-styles="inline">.__m__-_R_rdub_{--col-flex-grow:auto;--col-flex-basis:91.66666666666667%;--col-max-width:91.66666666666667%;}@media(min-width: 48em){.__m__-_R_rdub_{--col-flex-grow:auto;--col-flex-basis:83.33333333333334%;--col-max-width:83.33333333333334%;}}</style><div style="min-width:0rem;height:100%;min-height:0rem;display:flex" class="m_96bdd299 mantine-Grid-col __m__-_R_rdub_"><style data-mantine-styles="inline">.__m__-_R_6qrdub_{margin-top:0rem;padding-inline:var(--mantine-spacing-xs);width:100%;}@media(min-width: 48em){.__m__-_R_6qrdub_{margin-top:var(--mantine-spacing-xl);width:80%;}}@media(min-width: 62em){.__m__-_R_6qrdub_{padding-inline:var(--mantine-spacing-xl);}}</style><div style="margin-inline:auto;max-width:var(--mantine-breakpoint-xl)" class="__m__-_R_6qrdub_"><div style="color:var(--mantine-color-dimmed)" class="m_4451eb3a mantine-Center-root" data-inline="true"><div style="--ti-size:var(--ti-size-xs);--ti-bg:transparent;--ti-color:var(--mantine-color-indigo-light-color);--ti-bd:calc(0.0625rem * var(--mantine-scale)) solid transparent;margin-inline-end:calc(0.125rem * var(--mantine-scale));color:inherit" class="m_7341320d mantine-ThemeIcon-root" data-variant="transparent" data-size="xs"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="tabler-icon tabler-icon-lock "><path d="M5 13a2 2 0 0 1 2 -2h10a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v6a2 2 0 0 1 -2 2h-10a2 2 0 0 1 -2 -2v-6"></path><path d="M11 16a1 1 0 1 0 2 0a1 1 0 0 0 -2 0"></path><path d="M8 11v-4a4 4 0 1 1 8 0v4"></path></svg></div><p style="font-size:var(--mantine-font-size-sm)" class="mantine-focus-auto m_b6d8b162 mantine-Text-root">Основы Java</p></div><h1 style="--title-fw:var(--mantine-h1-font-weight);--title-lh:var(--mantine-h1-line-height);--title-fz:var(--mantine-h1-font-size);margin-bottom:var(--mantine-spacing-xl)" class="m_8a5d1357 mantine-Title-root" data-order="1">Теория: Константы</h1><script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"LearningResource","name":"Константы","inLanguage":"ru","isPartOf":{"@type":"LearningResource","name":"Основы Java"},"isAccessibleForFree":"False","hasPart":{"@type":"WebPageElement","isAccessibleForFree":"False","cssSelector":".paywalled"}}</script><div class=""><div style="--alert-color:var(--mantine-color-indigo-light-color);margin-bottom:var(--mantine-spacing-lg);font-size:var(--mantine-font-size-lg)" class="m_66836ed3 mantine-Alert-root" id="mantine-_R_remqrdub_" role="alert" aria-describedby="mantine-_R_remqrdub_-body" aria-labelledby="mantine-_R_remqrdub_-title"><div class="m_a5d60502 mantine-Alert-wrapper"><div class="m_667f2a6a mantine-Alert-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="tabler-icon tabler-icon-rocket "><path d="M4 13a8 8 0 0 1 7 7a6 6 0 0 0 3 -5a9 9 0 0 0 6 -8a3 3 0 0 0 -3 -3a9 9 0 0 0 -8 6a6 6 0 0 0 -5 3"></path><path d="M7 14a6 6 0 0 0 -3 6a6 6 0 0 0 6 -3"></path><path d="M14 9a1 1 0 1 0 2 0a1 1 0 1 0 -2 0"></path></svg></div><div class="m_667c2793 mantine-Alert-body"><div class="m_6a03f287 mantine-Alert-title"><span id="mantine-_R_remqrdub_-title" class="m_698f4f23 mantine-Alert-label">Полный доступ к материалам</span></div><div id="mantine-_R_remqrdub_-body" class="m_7fa78076 mantine-Alert-message"><div style="--group-gap:var(--mantine-spacing-md);--group-align:center;--group-justify:space-between;--group-wrap:wrap" class="m_4081bf90 mantine-Group-root"><p class="mantine-focus-auto m_b6d8b162 mantine-Text-root">Зарегистрируйтесь и получите доступ к этому и десяткам других курсов</p><a style="--button-height:var(--button-height-xs);--button-padding-x:var(--button-padding-x-xs);--button-fz:var(--mantine-font-size-xs);--button-bg:linear-gradient(45deg, var(--mantine-color-blue-filled) 0%, var(--mantine-color-cyan-filled) 100%);--button-hover:linear-gradient(45deg, var(--mantine-color-blue-filled) 0%, var(--mantine-color-cyan-filled) 100%);--button-color:var(--mantine-color-white);--button-bd:none" class="mantine-focus-auto mantine-active m_77c9d27d mantine-Button-root m_87cf2631 mantine-UnstyledButton-root" data-variant="gradient" data-size="xs" href="/u/new"><span class="m_80f1301b mantine-Button-inner"><span class="m_811560b9 mantine-Button-label">Зарегистрироваться</span></span></a></div></div></div></div></div><div class="paywalled m_d08caa0 mantine-Typography-root"><p>Некоторые данные никогда не меняются — например, математические постоянные. Возьмем число <em>π</em>. Приближенно оно всегда равно <em>3.14</em> и не может измениться.</p>
<p>Для обращения к подобным данным в Java принято использовать константы:</p>
<div style="margin-bottom:var(--mantine-spacing-lg)" class="m_e597c321 mantine-CodeHighlight-codeHighlight" dir="ltr"><div class="m_be7e9c9c mantine-CodeHighlight-controls"><button style="--ai-bg:transparent;--ai-hover:transparent;--ai-color:inherit;--ai-bd:none" class="mantine-focus-auto mantine-active m_d498bab7 mantine-CodeHighlight-control m_8d3f4000 mantine-ActionIcon-root m_87cf2631 mantine-UnstyledButton-root" data-variant="none" type="button" aria-label="Copy code"><span class="m_8d3afb97 mantine-ActionIcon-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke-width="2" stroke="currentColor" fill="none" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path stroke="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z" fill="none"></path><path d="M8 8m0 2a2 2 0 0 1 2 -2h8a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v8a2 2 0 0 1 -2 2h-8a2 2 0 0 1 -2 -2z"></path><path d="M16 8v-2a2 2 0 0 0 -2 -2h-8a2 2 0 0 0 -2 2v8a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2"></path></svg></span></button></div><div style="--scrollarea-scrollbar-size:calc(0.25rem * var(--mantine-scale));--sa-corner-width:0px;--sa-corner-height:0px" class="m_f744fd40 mantine-CodeHighlight-scrollarea m_d57069b5 mantine-ScrollArea-root" dir="ltr"><div style="overflow-x:hidden;overflow-y:hidden;overscroll-behavior-inline:none" class="m_c0783ff9 mantine-ScrollArea-viewport" data-scrollbars="xy"><div class="m_b1336c6 mantine-ScrollArea-content"><pre class="m_2c47c4fd mantine-CodeHighlight-pre" style="padding:0"><code class="m_5caae6d3 mantine-CodeHighlight-code">final var pi = 3.14;
System.out.println(pi); // 3.14</code></pre></div></div></div><button class="mantine-focus-auto m_c9378bc2 mantine-CodeHighlight-showCodeButton m_87cf2631 mantine-UnstyledButton-root" data-hidden="true" type="button">Expand code</button></div>
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<p>Константа, как и переменная, может использоваться в любом выражении. 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