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Вроде бы код выше гарантирует что shift будет исполняться только если массив не пуст","plain_title":"Зачем в решении учителя используется as T? Вроде бы код выше гарантирует что shift будет исполняться только если массив не пуст ","creator":{"public_name":"Павел","id":13568,"is_tutor":false},"comments":[{"creator":{"public_name":"Elena Gromova","id":548102,"is_tutor":true},"id":185158,"body":"Добрый день!\n\nЭто делается, потому что TypeScript не может гарантировать, что массив не пустой, несмотря на условие `if (this.data.length === 0)`. TypeScript рассматривает `this.data.shift()` как операцию, которая может вернуть `undefined`, даже если в текущем месте кода `this.data.length` равно нулю. Использование `as T` является \"заверением\" (type assertion), сигнализирующим TypeScript, что вы уверены в том, что shift() не вызовет ошибку из-за пустого массива, и поэтому результат можно рассматривать как тип `T`.\n\nА ошибки при запуске тестов не возникло, так как в tsconfig не включен строгий режим, спасибо что обратили внимание, исправим)\n","topic_id":94674}],"communitable":{"parent_entity_name":null,"parent_entity_url":null,"entity_name":"Дженерики на классах","entity_url":null,"active":true}},{"id":97248,"title":"`https://ru.hexlet.io/code_reviews/1323944` - работает штатно, проверял в repl.it, но тесты почему-то не проходит.","plain_title":"https://ru.hexlet.io/code_reviews/1323944 - работает штатно, проверял в repl.it, но тесты почему-то не проходит. ","creator":{"public_name":"Марат Барашкин","id":427700,"is_tutor":false},"comments":[{"creator":{"public_name":"Olga Pejenkova","id":364375,"is_tutor":true},"id":188250,"body":"**Марат Барашкин**, \n\nЕсли заглянуть в вывод тестов, то видно, что код не компирилируется, потому что возникает ошибка: метод `dequeue` объявлен для возврата значения типа `T | never`, но при этом возвращается значение, которое может быть `undefined` (результат метода `shift()`). \n\nЕсли внимательно присмотреть, то repl также подсвечивает эту ошибку (красное подчеркивание волнистое), хоть и выполняет код. Код на typescript лучше всего запускать в [TS Playground](https://www.typescriptlang.org/play?ssl=16&ssc=1&pln=16&pc=2#code/MYGwhgzhAECKCuBTJAeAKgPgN4FgBQ00ADgE4D2ALosFQCbQCOSSAXNGgNoC60AvNNwDc+QogB2TZIgAUiEIgC2bNNAA+0MfBAg+GrSACUbAEZky8sGOi4ChaAEsAZtFnyFB6yLuEKAC3sQAHSSSIFE8BC+rooGwrbeJIgU8CRWFCRIcd4Avl6Eicmp0I5gIBCIXrm2tIghMkbsahqIAG6IJJ7xDs7SfgHBzIiB8mIA5n4eNt75SSlp-kF1gZFOFNKxedBV3n7kAO7NBwCiJOQk0gDkCFIOMIpEFACeFxu2VdlAA).","topic_id":97248}],"communitable":{"parent_entity_name":null,"parent_entity_url":null,"entity_name":"Дженерики на классах","entity_url":null,"active":true}},{"id":101222,"title":"> а метод dequeue удаляет элемент из начала очереди. Если очередь пуста, то при вызове метода dequeue должно быть выброшено исключение Error\n\nНаверное логично написать, что должен возвращать метод, если очередь не пуста. Из описания:\n\n```\nconst queue = new Queue<number>();\nqueue.enqueue(1);\nqueue.dequeue(); // 1\nqueue.dequeue(); // Error: Queue is empty\n```\nНе до конца понятно, что вернул метод, а именно: удаленный ли это элемент из начала очереди или длина очереди. Посмотреть в тесты конечно можно, но и добавить \"до конца понятное\" описание кажется тоже можно.","plain_title":"а метод dequeue удаляет элемент из начала очереди. Если очередь пуста, то при вызове метода dequeue должно быть выброшено исключение Error Наверное логично написать, что должен возвращать метод, если очередь не пуста. Из описания: const queue = new Queue<number>(); queue.enqueue(1); queue.dequeue(); // 1 queue.dequeue(); // Error: Queue is empty Не до конца понятно, что вернул метод, а именно: удаленный ли это элемент из начала очереди или длина очереди. Посмотреть в тесты конечно можно, но и добавить \"до конца понятное\" описание кажется тоже можно. ","creator":{"public_name":"Art Hexlet","id":326680,"is_tutor":false},"comments":[{"creator":{"public_name":"Elena Gromova","id":548102,"is_tutor":true},"id":193171,"body":"**Art Hexlet**, добрый день! Расширили описание, спасибо","topic_id":101222}],"communitable":{"parent_entity_name":null,"parent_entity_url":null,"entity_name":"Дженерики на классах","entity_url":null,"active":true}},{"id":104688,"title":"Почему в решении учителя нет аннотации типов того что возвращают методы?","plain_title":"Почему в решении учителя нет аннотации типов того что возвращают методы? ","creator":{"public_name":"Роман","id":785559,"is_tutor":false},"comments":[{"creator":{"public_name":"Elena Gromova","id":548102,"is_tutor":true},"id":197319,"body":"**Роман**, добрый день! В решении учителя отсутствуют аннотации возвращаемых типов, потому что TypeScript сам их выводит на основе тела методов. Однако для лучшей читаемости и предсказуемости кода аннотации возвращаемых типов можно добавить явно.","topic_id":104688}],"communitable":{"parent_entity_name":null,"parent_entity_url":null,"entity_name":"Дженерики на классах","entity_url":null,"active":true}}],"lesson":{"exercise":{"id":2537,"slug":"typescript_basics_generic_classes","name":null,"state":"active","kind":"exercise","language":"javascript","locale":"ru","has_web_view":false,"has_test_view":false,"reviewable":true,"readme":"## solution.ts\n\nРеализуйте класс очереди (`Queue`) с методами `enqueue` и `dequeue`. Метод `enqueue` добавляет элемент в конец очереди, а метод `dequeue` удаляет элемент из начала очереди и возвращает его. Если очередь пуста, то при вызове метода `dequeue` должно быть выброшено исключение `Error`.\n\n```typescript\nconst queue = new Queue<number>();\nqueue.enqueue(1);\nqueue.dequeue(); // 1\nqueue.dequeue(); // Error: Queue is empty\n```\n","prepared_readme":"## solution.ts\n\nРеализуйте класс очереди (`Queue`) с методами `enqueue` и `dequeue`. Метод `enqueue` добавляет элемент в конец очереди, а метод `dequeue` удаляет элемент из начала очереди и возвращает его. Если очередь пуста, то при вызове метода `dequeue` должно быть выброшено исключение `Error`.\n\n```typescript\nconst queue = new Queue<number>();\nqueue.enqueue(1);\nqueue.dequeue(); // 1\nqueue.dequeue(); // Error: Queue is empty\n```\n","has_solution":true,"entity_name":"Дженерики на классах"},"units":[{"id":10497,"name":"theory","url":"/courses/typescript-advanced/lessons/generic-classes/theory_unit"},{"id":10498,"name":"quiz","url":"/courses/typescript-advanced/lessons/generic-classes/quiz_unit"},{"id":10523,"name":"exercise","url":"/courses/typescript-advanced/lessons/generic-classes/exercise_unit"}],"links":[],"ordered_units":[{"id":10497,"name":"theory","url":"/courses/typescript-advanced/lessons/generic-classes/theory_unit"},{"id":10498,"name":"quiz","url":"/courses/typescript-advanced/lessons/generic-classes/quiz_unit"},{"id":10523,"name":"exercise","url":"/courses/typescript-advanced/lessons/generic-classes/exercise_unit"}],"id":4483,"slug":"generic-classes","state":"approved","name":"Дженерики на классах","course_order":260,"goal":"Изучаем дженерики на классах","self_study":null,"theory_video_provider":null,"theory_video_uid":null,"theory":"Дженерик-классы, как и дженерик функции, позволяют создавать классы, которые могут работать с разными типами данных. Например, класс `Triple` может хранить три значения любого типа. В этом случае вместо того, чтобы создавать классы для каждого типа, можно создать обобщенный класс, который будет работать с любым типом данных.\n\n```typescript\nclass Triple<T, U, V> {\n constructor(protected first: T, protected second: U, protected third: V) {}\n\n getFirst(): T {\n return this.first\n }\n\n getSecond(): U {\n return this.second\n }\n\n getThird(): V {\n return this.third\n }\n}\n```\n\nВ этом примере класс `Triple` — дженерик-класс, в который мы можем поместить любые типы данных. При этом у нас остаются гарантии безопасности и вывод типов, которые мы получили при использовании обобщенных функций:\n\n```typescript\nconst triple = new Triple(1, 'string', null)\nconst first = triple.getFirst() // number\nconst second = triple.getSecond() // string\n```\n\nТакже можно наследоваться от обобщенных классов. Например, класс `Pair` может быть наследником класса `Triple`, который хранит два значения любого типа:\n\n```typescript\nclass Pair<T, U> extends Triple<T, U, never> {\n constructor(first: T, second: U) {\n super(first, second, undefined as never)\n }\n\n getFirst(): T {\n return this.first\n }\n\n getSecond(): U {\n return this.second\n }\n}\n```\n\nЗдесь мы использовали приведение к типу `never`, чтобы пометить третий параметр как отсутствующий.\n\nКак и обычные классы, обобщенные классы также можно использовать в качестве типов параметров функций:\n\n```typescript\nfunction swap<T, U>(pair: Pair<T, U>): Pair<U, T> {\n return new Pair(pair.getSecond(), pair.getFirst())\n}\n```\n\nДженерик-классы полезны, когда нам нужно создать какой-нибудь контейнер для хранения данных, как в примере с классом `Pair`. `Array`, `Map`, `Set` — это дженерик-классы, которые хранят элементы заданного типа.\n"},"lessonMember":null,"courseMember":null,"course":{"start_lesson":{"exercise":{"id":2533,"slug":"typescript_basics_class_fields","name":null,"state":"active","kind":"exercise","language":"javascript","locale":"ru","has_web_view":false,"has_test_view":false,"reviewable":true,"readme":"## solution.ts\n\nРеализуйте класс `File`, в конструктор которого передается объект с полями: `name` - именем файла и `size` - размером в байтах. Внутри класса определите метод `toString()`, который должен вернуть форматированную строку в формате `<file-name> (<size> bytes)`.\n\n```typescript\nconst file = new File({ name: 'open-world.jpeg', size: 1000 });\nconsole.log(file); // open-world.jpeg (1000 bytes)\n```\n","prepared_readme":"## solution.ts\n\nРеализуйте класс `File`, в конструктор которого передается объект с полями: `name` - именем файла и `size` - размером в байтах. Внутри класса определите метод `toString()`, который должен вернуть форматированную строку в формате `<file-name> (<size> bytes)`.\n\n```typescript\nconst file = new File({ name: 'open-world.jpeg', size: 1000 });\nconsole.log(file); // open-world.jpeg (1000 bytes)\n```\n","has_solution":true,"entity_name":"Классы"},"units":[{"id":10467,"name":"theory","url":"/courses/typescript-advanced/lessons/class-fields/theory_unit"},{"id":10468,"name":"quiz","url":"/courses/typescript-advanced/lessons/class-fields/quiz_unit"},{"id":10508,"name":"exercise","url":"/courses/typescript-advanced/lessons/class-fields/exercise_unit"}],"links":[],"ordered_units":[{"id":10467,"name":"theory","url":"/courses/typescript-advanced/lessons/class-fields/theory_unit"},{"id":10468,"name":"quiz","url":"/courses/typescript-advanced/lessons/class-fields/quiz_unit"},{"id":10508,"name":"exercise","url":"/courses/typescript-advanced/lessons/class-fields/exercise_unit"}],"id":4468,"slug":"class-fields","state":"approved","name":"Классы","course_order":110,"goal":"Знакомимся с классами в TypeScript","self_study":null,"theory_video_provider":null,"theory_video_uid":null,"theory":"Типизация классов в TypeScript добавляет новый синтаксис определения классов, которого нет в JavaScript. Этот синтаксис существует только на уровне проверки типов. В результирующем коде он вырезается или заменяется. В этом уроке мы изучим реализацию таких классов.\n\n## Определение полей внутри класса\n\nНачнем с примера. Посмотрите на этот класс:\n\n```typescript\nclass Point {\n x: number\n\n y: number\n\n constructor(x: number, y: number) {\n this.x = x\n this.y = y\n }\n}\n\nconst p = new Point(10, 20)\nconsole.log(p) // { x: 10, y: 20 }\n```\n\nЗдесь мы видим новый синтаксис, который описывает поля класса: `x` и `y`. Их описание обязательно, потому что классы — это функции-конструкторы, а функции в TypeScript являются объектами.\n\nОпределение полей внутри класса появилось в JavaScript, начиная со стандарта es2022. Перед тем как двигаться дальше, разберемся с понятием «поле класса».\n\n## Поле класса\n\nОбычно в JavaScript все называют свойствами. А слово «поле» используют как синоним те, кто пришел из других языков. Но это не одно и тоже. Внутри класса мы определяем **поля** — это данные самого класса. А **свойство** — это то, с помощью чего мы взаимодействуем с объектом.\n\nЧасто свойства отображаются на поля напрямую, но так происходит не всегда. Например, свойство может быть геттером, который берет информацию из поля. Или свойство может быть сеттером, который устанавливает новое значение поля:\n\n```typescript\nclass Point {\n x: number\n\n y: number\n\n // Возвращаемый тип не указывается, потому что это конструктор\n constructor(x: number, y: number) {\n this.x = x\n this.y = y\n }\n\n get inspect(): string {\n return `(${this.x}, ${this.y})`\n }\n}\n\nconst p = new Point(2, 5)\n// Свойство есть, а поля такого нет\nconsole.log(p.inspect) // (2, 5)\n```\n\nПоля могут быть инициализированы сразу при определении класса. Это удобно, когда конструктор не нужен или данные не зависят от его вызова — задаются статически внутри:\n\n```typescript\nclass Point {\n x = 0\n\n y = 0\n}\n\nconst p = new Point()\nconsole.log(p) // { x: 0, y: 0 }\n```\n\nКак и в случае обычных переменных, тип полей выводится автоматически во время их инициализации, поэтому указывать явный тип не обязательно.\n"},"id":384,"slug":"typescript-advanced","challenges_count":4,"name":"Продвинутый Typescript","allow_indexing":true,"state":"approved","course_state":"finished","pricing_type":"paid","description":"На этом курсе вы продолжите изучать Typescript. Вы узнаете о работе с классами, интерфейсами, познакомитесь с дженериками и узнаете, как типизировать объекты. В итоге вы научитесь писать более сложные программы на Typescript.","kind":"advanced","updated_at":"2026-02-09T10:42:23.172Z","language":"javascript","duration_cache":94740,"skills":["Создавать программы, используя продвинутые конструкции языка (классы, интерфейсы, дженерики, типизация)","Составлять программы, состоящие из нескольких модулей","Правильно анализировать ошибки в коде и пользоваться отладочной печатью при их 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0"></path></svg></div><div class="m_667c2793 mantine-Alert-body"><div class="m_6a03f287 mantine-Alert-title"><span id="mantine-_R_remqrdub_-title" class="m_698f4f23 mantine-Alert-label">Полный доступ к материалам</span></div><div id="mantine-_R_remqrdub_-body" class="m_7fa78076 mantine-Alert-message"><div style="--group-gap:var(--mantine-spacing-md);--group-align:center;--group-justify:space-between;--group-wrap:wrap" class="m_4081bf90 mantine-Group-root"><p class="mantine-focus-auto m_b6d8b162 mantine-Text-root">Зарегистрируйтесь и получите доступ к этому и десяткам других курсов</p><a style="--button-height:var(--button-height-xs);--button-padding-x:var(--button-padding-x-xs);--button-fz:var(--mantine-font-size-xs);--button-bg:linear-gradient(45deg, var(--mantine-color-blue-filled) 0%, var(--mantine-color-cyan-filled) 100%);--button-hover:linear-gradient(45deg, var(--mantine-color-blue-filled) 0%, var(--mantine-color-cyan-filled) 100%);--button-color:var(--mantine-color-white);--button-bd:none" class="mantine-focus-auto mantine-active m_77c9d27d mantine-Button-root m_87cf2631 mantine-UnstyledButton-root" data-variant="gradient" data-size="xs" href="/u/new"><span class="m_80f1301b mantine-Button-inner"><span class="m_811560b9 mantine-Button-label">Зарегистрироваться</span></span></a></div></div></div></div></div><div class="paywalled m_d08caa0 mantine-Typography-root"><p>Дженерик-классы, как и дженерик функции, позволяют создавать классы, которые могут работать с разными типами данных. Например, класс <code style="margin-bottom:var(--mantine-spacing-lg)" class="m_dfe9c588 mantine-InlineCodeHighlight-inlineCodeHighlight m_e597c321 mantine-CodeHighlight-codeHighlight m_dfe9c588 mantine-InlineCodeHighlight-inlineCodeHighlight">Triple</code> может хранить три значения любого типа. В этом случае вместо того, чтобы создавать классы для каждого типа, можно создать обобщенный класс, который будет работать с любым типом данных.</p>
<div style="margin-bottom:var(--mantine-spacing-lg)" class="m_e597c321 mantine-CodeHighlight-codeHighlight" dir="ltr"><div class="m_be7e9c9c mantine-CodeHighlight-controls"><button style="--ai-bg:transparent;--ai-hover:transparent;--ai-color:inherit;--ai-bd:none" class="mantine-focus-auto mantine-active m_d498bab7 mantine-CodeHighlight-control m_8d3f4000 mantine-ActionIcon-root m_87cf2631 mantine-UnstyledButton-root" data-variant="none" type="button" aria-label="Copy code"><span class="m_8d3afb97 mantine-ActionIcon-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke-width="2" stroke="currentColor" fill="none" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path stroke="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z" fill="none"></path><path d="M8 8m0 2a2 2 0 0 1 2 -2h8a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v8a2 2 0 0 1 -2 2h-8a2 2 0 0 1 -2 -2z"></path><path d="M16 8v-2a2 2 0 0 0 -2 -2h-8a2 2 0 0 0 -2 2v8a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2"></path></svg></span></button></div><div style="--scrollarea-scrollbar-size:calc(0.25rem * var(--mantine-scale));--sa-corner-width:0px;--sa-corner-height:0px" class="m_f744fd40 mantine-CodeHighlight-scrollarea m_d57069b5 mantine-ScrollArea-root" dir="ltr"><div style="overflow-x:hidden;overflow-y:hidden;overscroll-behavior-inline:none" class="m_c0783ff9 mantine-ScrollArea-viewport" data-scrollbars="xy"><div class="m_b1336c6 mantine-ScrollArea-content"><pre class="m_2c47c4fd mantine-CodeHighlight-pre" style="padding:0"><code class="m_5caae6d3 mantine-CodeHighlight-code">class Triple<T, U, V> {
constructor(protected first: T, protected second: U, protected third: V) {}
getFirst(): T {
return this.first
}
getSecond(): U {
return this.second
}
getThird(): V {
return this.third
}
}</code></pre></div></div></div><button class="mantine-focus-auto m_c9378bc2 mantine-CodeHighlight-showCodeButton m_87cf2631 mantine-UnstyledButton-root" data-hidden="true" type="button">Expand code</button></div>
<p>В этом примере класс <code style="margin-bottom:var(--mantine-spacing-lg)" class="m_dfe9c588 mantine-InlineCodeHighlight-inlineCodeHighlight m_e597c321 mantine-CodeHighlight-codeHighlight m_dfe9c588 mantine-InlineCodeHighlight-inlineCodeHighlight">Triple</code> — дженерик-класс, в который мы можем поместить любые типы данных. При этом у нас остаются гарантии безопасности и вывод типов, которые мы получили при использовании обобщенных функций:</p>
<div style="margin-bottom:var(--mantine-spacing-lg)" class="m_e597c321 mantine-CodeHighlight-codeHighlight" dir="ltr"><div class="m_be7e9c9c mantine-CodeHighlight-controls"><button style="--ai-bg:transparent;--ai-hover:transparent;--ai-color:inherit;--ai-bd:none" class="mantine-focus-auto mantine-active m_d498bab7 mantine-CodeHighlight-control m_8d3f4000 mantine-ActionIcon-root m_87cf2631 mantine-UnstyledButton-root" data-variant="none" type="button" aria-label="Copy code"><span class="m_8d3afb97 mantine-ActionIcon-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke-width="2" stroke="currentColor" fill="none" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path stroke="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z" fill="none"></path><path d="M8 8m0 2a2 2 0 0 1 2 -2h8a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v8a2 2 0 0 1 -2 2h-8a2 2 0 0 1 -2 -2z"></path><path d="M16 8v-2a2 2 0 0 0 -2 -2h-8a2 2 0 0 0 -2 2v8a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2"></path></svg></span></button></div><div style="--scrollarea-scrollbar-size:calc(0.25rem * var(--mantine-scale));--sa-corner-width:0px;--sa-corner-height:0px" class="m_f744fd40 mantine-CodeHighlight-scrollarea m_d57069b5 mantine-ScrollArea-root" dir="ltr"><div style="overflow-x:hidden;overflow-y:hidden;overscroll-behavior-inline:none" class="m_c0783ff9 mantine-ScrollArea-viewport" data-scrollbars="xy"><div class="m_b1336c6 mantine-ScrollArea-content"><pre class="m_2c47c4fd mantine-CodeHighlight-pre" style="padding:0"><code class="m_5caae6d3 mantine-CodeHighlight-code">const triple = new Triple(1, 'string', null)
const first = triple.getFirst() // number
const second = triple.getSecond() // string</code></pre></div></div></div><button class="mantine-focus-auto m_c9378bc2 mantine-CodeHighlight-showCodeButton m_87cf2631 mantine-UnstyledButton-root" data-hidden="true" type="button">Expand code</button></div>
<p>Также можно наследоваться от обобщенных классов. Например, класс <code style="margin-bottom:var(--mantine-spacing-lg)" class="m_dfe9c588 mantine-InlineCodeHighlight-inlineCodeHighlight m_e597c321 mantine-CodeHighlight-codeHighlight m_dfe9c588 mantine-InlineCodeHighlight-inlineCodeHighlight">Pair</code> может быть наследником класса <code style="margin-bottom:var(--mantine-spacing-lg)" class="m_dfe9c588 mantine-InlineCodeHighlight-inlineCodeHighlight m_e597c321 mantine-CodeHighlight-codeHighlight m_dfe9c588 mantine-InlineCodeHighlight-inlineCodeHighlight">Triple</code>, который хранит два значения любого типа:</p>
<div style="margin-bottom:var(--mantine-spacing-lg)" class="m_e597c321 mantine-CodeHighlight-codeHighlight" dir="ltr"><div class="m_be7e9c9c mantine-CodeHighlight-controls"><button style="--ai-bg:transparent;--ai-hover:transparent;--ai-color:inherit;--ai-bd:none" class="mantine-focus-auto mantine-active m_d498bab7 mantine-CodeHighlight-control m_8d3f4000 mantine-ActionIcon-root m_87cf2631 mantine-UnstyledButton-root" data-variant="none" type="button" aria-label="Copy code"><span class="m_8d3afb97 mantine-ActionIcon-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke-width="2" stroke="currentColor" fill="none" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path stroke="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z" fill="none"></path><path d="M8 8m0 2a2 2 0 0 1 2 -2h8a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v8a2 2 0 0 1 -2 2h-8a2 2 0 0 1 -2 -2z"></path><path d="M16 8v-2a2 2 0 0 0 -2 -2h-8a2 2 0 0 0 -2 2v8a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2"></path></svg></span></button></div><div style="--scrollarea-scrollbar-size:calc(0.25rem * var(--mantine-scale));--sa-corner-width:0px;--sa-corner-height:0px" class="m_f744fd40 mantine-CodeHighlight-scrollarea m_d57069b5 mantine-ScrollArea-root" dir="ltr"><div style="overflow-x:hidden;overflow-y:hidden;overscroll-behavior-inline:none" class="m_c0783ff9 mantine-ScrollArea-viewport" data-scrollbars="xy"><div class="m_b1336c6 mantine-ScrollArea-content"><pre class="m_2c47c4fd mantine-CodeHighlight-pre" style="padding:0"><code class="m_5caae6d3 mantine-CodeHighlight-code">class Pair<T, U> extends Triple<T, U, never> {
constructor(first: T, second: U) {
super(first, second, undefined as never)
}
getFirst(): T {
return this.first
}
getSecond(): U {
return this.second
}
}</code></pre></div></div></div><button class="mantine-focus-auto m_c9378bc2 mantine-CodeHighlight-showCodeButton m_87cf2631 mantine-UnstyledButton-root" data-hidden="true" type="button">Expand code</button></div>
<p>Здесь мы использовали приведение к типу <code style="margin-bottom:var(--mantine-spacing-lg)" class="m_dfe9c588 mantine-InlineCodeHighlight-inlineCodeHighlight m_e597c321 mantine-CodeHighlight-codeHighlight m_dfe9c588 mantine-InlineCodeHighlight-inlineCodeHighlight">never</code>, чтобы пометить третий параметр как отсутствующий.</p>
<p>Как и обычные классы, обобщенные классы также можно использовать в качестве типов параметров функций:</p>
<div style="margin-bottom:var(--mantine-spacing-lg)" class="m_e597c321 mantine-CodeHighlight-codeHighlight" dir="ltr"><div class="m_be7e9c9c mantine-CodeHighlight-controls"><button style="--ai-bg:transparent;--ai-hover:transparent;--ai-color:inherit;--ai-bd:none" class="mantine-focus-auto mantine-active m_d498bab7 mantine-CodeHighlight-control m_8d3f4000 mantine-ActionIcon-root m_87cf2631 mantine-UnstyledButton-root" data-variant="none" type="button" aria-label="Copy code"><span class="m_8d3afb97 mantine-ActionIcon-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke-width="2" stroke="currentColor" fill="none" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path stroke="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z" fill="none"></path><path d="M8 8m0 2a2 2 0 0 1 2 -2h8a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v8a2 2 0 0 1 -2 2h-8a2 2 0 0 1 -2 -2z"></path><path d="M16 8v-2a2 2 0 0 0 -2 -2h-8a2 2 0 0 0 -2 2v8a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2"></path></svg></span></button></div><div style="--scrollarea-scrollbar-size:calc(0.25rem * var(--mantine-scale));--sa-corner-width:0px;--sa-corner-height:0px" class="m_f744fd40 mantine-CodeHighlight-scrollarea m_d57069b5 mantine-ScrollArea-root" dir="ltr"><div style="overflow-x:hidden;overflow-y:hidden;overscroll-behavior-inline:none" class="m_c0783ff9 mantine-ScrollArea-viewport" data-scrollbars="xy"><div class="m_b1336c6 mantine-ScrollArea-content"><pre class="m_2c47c4fd mantine-CodeHighlight-pre" style="padding:0"><code class="m_5caae6d3 mantine-CodeHighlight-code">function swap<T, U>(pair: Pair<T, U>): Pair<U, T> {
return new Pair(pair.getSecond(), pair.getFirst())
}</code></pre></div></div></div><button class="mantine-focus-auto m_c9378bc2 mantine-CodeHighlight-showCodeButton m_87cf2631 mantine-UnstyledButton-root" data-hidden="true" type="button">Expand code</button></div>
<p>Дженерик-классы полезны, когда нам нужно создать какой-нибудь контейнер для хранения данных, как в примере с классом <code style="margin-bottom:var(--mantine-spacing-lg)" class="m_dfe9c588 mantine-InlineCodeHighlight-inlineCodeHighlight m_e597c321 mantine-CodeHighlight-codeHighlight m_dfe9c588 mantine-InlineCodeHighlight-inlineCodeHighlight">Pair</code>. <code style="margin-bottom:var(--mantine-spacing-lg)" class="m_dfe9c588 mantine-InlineCodeHighlight-inlineCodeHighlight m_e597c321 mantine-CodeHighlight-codeHighlight m_dfe9c588 mantine-InlineCodeHighlight-inlineCodeHighlight">Array</code>, <code style="margin-bottom:var(--mantine-spacing-lg)" class="m_dfe9c588 mantine-InlineCodeHighlight-inlineCodeHighlight m_e597c321 mantine-CodeHighlight-codeHighlight m_dfe9c588 mantine-InlineCodeHighlight-inlineCodeHighlight">Map</code>, <code style="margin-bottom:var(--mantine-spacing-lg)" class="m_dfe9c588 mantine-InlineCodeHighlight-inlineCodeHighlight m_e597c321 mantine-CodeHighlight-codeHighlight m_dfe9c588 mantine-InlineCodeHighlight-inlineCodeHighlight">Set</code> — это дженерик-классы, которые хранят элементы заданного типа.</p></div><div style="margin-block:var(--mantine-spacing-xl)" class=""><h2 style="--title-fw:var(--mantine-h2-font-weight);--title-lh:var(--mantine-h2-line-height);--title-fz:var(--mantine-h2-font-size);margin-bottom:var(--mantine-spacing-md)" class="m_8a5d1357 mantine-Title-root" data-order="2">Рекомендуемые программы</h2><style data-mantine-styles="inline">.__m__-_R_2mremqrdub_{--carousel-slide-gap:var(--mantine-spacing-xs);--carousel-slide-size:70%;}@media(min-width: 36em){.__m__-_R_2mremqrdub_{--carousel-slide-gap:var(--mantine-spacing-xl);--carousel-slide-size:50%;}}</style><div style="--carousel-control-size:calc(2.5rem * var(--mantine-scale));--carousel-controls-offset:var(--mantine-spacing-sm);margin-bottom:var(--mantine-spacing-lg);padding-block:var(--mantine-spacing-sm);background:var(--app-color-surface)" 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