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Базы данных: SQL (DQL)
2026-02-26 14:58 Diff
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<div id="app" data-page="{&quot;component&quot;:&quot;web/courses/lessons/theory_unit&quot;,&quot;props&quot;:{&quot;errors&quot;:{},&quot;locale&quot;:&quot;ru&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;ru&quot;,&quot;httpsHost&quot;:&quot;https://ru.hexlet.io&quot;,&quot;host&quot;:&quot;ru.hexlet.io&quot;,&quot;colorScheme&quot;:&quot;light&quot;,&quot;auth&quot;:{&quot;user&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:null,&quot;last_viewed_notification_id&quot;:null,&quot;email&quot;:null,&quot;state&quot;:null,&quot;first_name&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;last_name&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_at&quot;:&quot;2026-02-26T14:58:51.143Z&quot;,&quot;current_program&quot;:null,&quot;current_team&quot;:null,&quot;full_name&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;guest&quot;:true,&quot;can_use_paid_features&quot;:false,&quot;is_hexlet_employee&quot;:false,&quot;sanitized_phone_number&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;can_subscribe&quot;:true,&quot;can_renew_education&quot;:false}},&quot;cloudflareTurnstileSiteKey&quot;:&quot;0x4AAAAAAA15KmeFXzd2H0Xo&quot;,&quot;vkIdClientId&quot;:&quot;51586979&quot;,&quot;yandexIdClientId&quot;:&quot;88d071f1d3384eb4bd1deb37910235c7&quot;,&quot;formAuthToken&quot;:&quot;rJrg9HgHh2-eo0xQEDg25MICrXkT839vNatosV6SroNDSyvDinkqDyjgaMgcN8aTAguA0xvEgc2IS_LlDJVJ7Q&quot;,&quot;topics&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:5951,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;объясните, пожалуйста: в лекции на последней минуте такие слова: если Вы сделаете \n\nselect distinct on (name) name, price from products \n\nто Вам может вывестись cars 90, хотя у нас есть ещё cars 100, поэтому надо писать \n\nselect distinct on (name) name, price from products order by name\n\nкакая связь? мы же все равно потеряли cars 100? и что вообще необходимо делать в данном случае, или по какому алгоритму он будет выбирать нужную строку таблицы при различных прайсах?&quot;,&quot;plain_title&quot;:&quot;объясните, пожалуйста: в лекции на последней минуте такие слова: если Вы сделаете  select distinct on (name) name, price from products  то Вам может вывестись cars 90, хотя у нас есть ещё cars 100, поэтому надо писать  select distinct on (name) name, price from products order by name какая связь? мы же все равно потеряли cars 100? и что вообще необходимо делать в данном случае, или по какому алгоритму он будет выбирать нужную строку таблицы при различных прайсах? &quot;,&quot;creator&quot;:{&quot;public_name&quot;:&quot;Stet Suvorov&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:111209,&quot;is_tutor&quot;:false},&quot;comments&quot;:[{&quot;creator&quot;:{&quot;public_name&quot;:&quot;Александр О.&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:61806,&quot;is_tutor&quot;:false},&quot;id&quot;:10751,&quot;body&quot;:&quot;Добрый день!\n\n&gt; по какому алгоритму он будет выбирать нужную строку таблицы при различных прайсах?\n\n`distinct on (name)` - если значения `name` являются дублирующими для нескольких строк, то в конечный результат попадёт только **первая** из этих строк. А какая из этих строк является _первой_ зависит от установленной сортировки (см. ссылку на документацию под видео). Про сортировку (в т.ч. про дальнейшую сортировку внутри группы) упоминалось в самом конце урока.&quot;,&quot;topic_id&quot;:5951}],&quot;communitable&quot;:{&quot;parent_entity_name&quot;:null,&quot;parent_entity_url&quot;:null,&quot;entity_name&quot;:&quot;Выборка уникальных записей&quot;,&quot;entity_url&quot;:null,&quot;active&quot;:true}},{&quot;id&quot;:2783,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Допустим есть таблица:\n\n```\n id | category |  name  | price\n----+----------+--------+-------\n  1 | cars     | bmw    |  2.10\n  2 | cars     | kia    | 10.02\n  3 | cars     | nissan |   0.9\n  4 | cars     | bmw    | 30.82\n  5 | cars     | nissan |   9.2\n  6 | products | butter |   2.2\n```\n\nК ней применили запрос:\n\n```\nselect distinct on (category) category, name from goods;\n```\n\nПолучили:\n\n```\n category |  name\n----------+--------\n cars     | bmw\n products | butter\n```\n\nНе совсем понятно почему именно bmw у нас выбралось, а не nissan или kia и можно ли на это как-то повлиять. Например получить ответ вида:\n\n```\n category |  name\n----------+--------\n cars     | nissan\n products | butter\n```&quot;,&quot;plain_title&quot;:&quot;Допустим есть таблица:  id | category |  name  | price ----+----------+--------+-------   1 | cars     | bmw    |  2.10   2 | cars     | kia    | 10.02   3 | cars     | nissan |   0.9   4 | cars     | bmw    | 30.82   5 | cars     | nissan |   9.2   6 | products | butter |   2.2 К ней применили запрос: select distinct on (category) category, name from goods; Получили:  category |  name ----------+--------  cars     | bmw  products | butter Не совсем понятно почему именно bmw у нас выбралось, а не nissan или kia и можно ли на это как-то повлиять. Например получить ответ вида:  category |  name ----------+--------  cars     | nissan  products | butter &quot;,&quot;creator&quot;:{&quot;public_name&quot;:&quot;Денис Ефремов&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:84542,&quot;is_tutor&quot;:true},&quot;comments&quot;:[{&quot;creator&quot;:{&quot;public_name&quot;:&quot;Kirill Mokevnin&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:1,&quot;is_tutor&quot;:false},&quot;id&quot;:4507,&quot;body&quot;:&quot;Из документации:\n\nDISTINCT ON ( expression [, ...] ) keeps only the first row of each set of rows where the given expressions evaluate to equal. The DISTINCT ON expressions are interpreted using the same rules as for ORDER BY (see above). Note that the \&quot;first row\&quot; of each set is unpredictable unless ORDER BY is used to ensure that the desired row appears first. For example:\n\n```\nSELECT DISTINCT ON (location) location, time, report\n    FROM weather_reports\n    ORDER BY location, time DESC;\n```\n\nretrieves the most recent weather report for each location. But if we had not used ORDER BY to force descending order of time values for each location, we&#x27;d have gotten a report from an unpredictable time for each location.\n\nThe DISTINCT ON expression(s) must match the leftmost ORDER BY expression(s). The ORDER BY clause will normally contain additional expression(s) that determine the desired precedence of rows within each DISTINCT ON group.&quot;,&quot;topic_id&quot;:2783},{&quot;creator&quot;:{&quot;public_name&quot;:&quot;Денис Ефремов&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:84542,&quot;is_tutor&quot;:true},&quot;id&quot;:4515,&quot;body&quot;:&quot;Благодарю, теперь все понятно&quot;,&quot;topic_id&quot;:2783},{&quot;creator&quot;:{&quot;public_name&quot;:&quot;Алексей Владимирович&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:98964,&quot;is_tutor&quot;:false},&quot;id&quot;:6117,&quot;body&quot;:&quot;Ещё б на японском написали.&quot;,&quot;topic_id&quot;:2783}],&quot;communitable&quot;:{&quot;parent_entity_name&quot;:null,&quot;parent_entity_url&quot;:null,&quot;entity_name&quot;:&quot;Выборка уникальных записей&quot;,&quot;entity_url&quot;:null,&quot;active&quot;:true}},{&quot;id&quot;:5504,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;В других решениях учителя не было точки с запятой в конце команды.&quot;,&quot;plain_title&quot;:&quot;В других решениях учителя не было точки с запятой в конце команды. &quot;,&quot;creator&quot;:{&quot;public_name&quot;:&quot;Danis Valiev&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:195,&quot;is_tutor&quot;:false},&quot;comments&quot;:[{&quot;creator&quot;:{&quot;public_name&quot;:&quot;Kirill Mokevnin&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:1,&quot;is_tutor&quot;:false},&quot;id&quot;:9937,&quot;body&quot;:&quot;На самом деле в текущей ситуации не принципиально, потому что запросы выполняются программно. Точка с запятой нужны только при ручном выполнении запросов в терминале, либо когда подряд делается много запросов.&quot;,&quot;topic_id&quot;:5504},{&quot;creator&quot;:{&quot;public_name&quot;:&quot;Василий Колесников&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:81,&quot;is_tutor&quot;:false},&quot;id&quot;:9924,&quot;body&quot;:&quot;Точка с запятой необходима в конце каждого запроса.&quot;,&quot;topic_id&quot;:5504},{&quot;creator&quot;:{&quot;public_name&quot;:&quot;Danis Valiev&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:195,&quot;is_tutor&quot;:false},&quot;id&quot;:9931,&quot;body&quot;:&quot;Значит у вас почти везде ошибка в решении учителя. Кроме того, решения учеников также принимаются без точки с запятой.&quot;,&quot;topic_id&quot;:5504}],&quot;communitable&quot;:{&quot;parent_entity_name&quot;:null,&quot;parent_entity_url&quot;:null,&quot;entity_name&quot;:&quot;Выборка уникальных записей&quot;,&quot;entity_url&quot;:null,&quot;active&quot;:true}},{&quot;id&quot;:6268,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;SELECT distinct on(name)name \n   FROM goods \n     WHERE category =&#x27;cars&#x27; \n     ORDER BY name;\n\nВызов не проходит проверку, хотя не вижу в нем ничего плохого по условию задачи.\n\nSELECT distinct name \n   FROM goods \n      WHERE category =&#x27;cars&#x27;;\n\nВыводит так же уникальные имена (просто в другом порядке).&quot;,&quot;plain_title&quot;:&quot;SELECT distinct on(name)name     FROM goods       WHERE category =&#x27;cars&#x27;       ORDER BY name; Вызов не проходит проверку, хотя не вижу в нем ничего плохого по условию задачи. SELECT distinct name     FROM goods        WHERE category =&#x27;cars&#x27;; Выводит так же уникальные имена (просто в другом порядке). &quot;,&quot;creator&quot;:{&quot;public_name&quot;:&quot;Aleksandr Petrov&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:103197,&quot;is_tutor&quot;:false},&quot;comments&quot;:[{&quot;creator&quot;:{&quot;public_name&quot;:&quot;Kirill Mokevnin&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:1,&quot;is_tutor&quot;:false},&quot;id&quot;:11453,&quot;body&quot;:&quot;Спасибо за замечание. Поправил.&quot;,&quot;topic_id&quot;:6268}],&quot;communitable&quot;:{&quot;parent_entity_name&quot;:null,&quot;parent_entity_url&quot;:null,&quot;entity_name&quot;:&quot;Выборка уникальных записей&quot;,&quot;entity_url&quot;:null,&quot;active&quot;:true}},{&quot;id&quot;:5274,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;В самом конце урока `select distinct on (name) name, price from products order by name`. Мне кажется, нужно сортировать и по цене: `... order by name, price`? Нам ведь не гарантирован порядок записей с одинаковым названием?&quot;,&quot;plain_title&quot;:&quot;В самом конце урока select distinct on (name) name, price from products order by name. Мне кажется, нужно сортировать и по цене: ... order by name, price? Нам ведь не гарантирован порядок записей с одинаковым названием? &quot;,&quot;creator&quot;:{&quot;public_name&quot;:&quot;Дмитрий Гапеев&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:111077,&quot;is_tutor&quot;:false},&quot;comments&quot;:[{&quot;creator&quot;:{&quot;public_name&quot;:&quot;Александр О.&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:61806,&quot;is_tutor&quot;:false},&quot;id&quot;:9449,&quot;body&quot;:&quot;Ну, собственно, про это (про дальнейшую сортировку внутри группы) и говорилось в самом конце урока.&quot;,&quot;topic_id&quot;:5274},{&quot;creator&quot;:{&quot;public_name&quot;:&quot;Дмитрий Гапеев&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:111077,&quot;is_tutor&quot;:false},&quot;id&quot;:9475,&quot;body&quot;:&quot;Действительно. Прозевал.&quot;,&quot;topic_id&quot;:5274}],&quot;communitable&quot;:{&quot;parent_entity_name&quot;:null,&quot;parent_entity_url&quot;:null,&quot;entity_name&quot;:&quot;Выборка уникальных записей&quot;,&quot;entity_url&quot;:null,&quot;active&quot;:true}},{&quot;id&quot;:4243,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;\&quot;Выбирает правильную запись\&quot; - по-моему неверное утверждение. Может правильнее было бы - \&quot;самую первую запись\&quot;?&quot;,&quot;plain_title&quot;:&quot;\&quot;Выбирает правильную запись\&quot; - по-моему неверное утверждение. Может правильнее было бы - \&quot;самую первую запись\&quot;? &quot;,&quot;creator&quot;:{&quot;public_name&quot;:&quot;Андрей Ашгалиев&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:60336,&quot;is_tutor&quot;:false},&quot;comments&quot;:[{&quot;creator&quot;:{&quot;public_name&quot;:&quot;Kirill Mokevnin&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:1,&quot;is_tutor&quot;:false},&quot;id&quot;:7202,&quot;body&quot;:&quot;Вы уверены что это вопрос из текущего урока? Не вижу такого.&quot;,&quot;topic_id&quot;:4243},{&quot;creator&quot;:{&quot;public_name&quot;:&quot;Андрей Ашгалиев&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:60336,&quot;is_tutor&quot;:false},&quot;id&quot;:7210,&quot;body&quot;:&quot;ну, это в видео)&quot;,&quot;topic_id&quot;:4243}],&quot;communitable&quot;:{&quot;parent_entity_name&quot;:null,&quot;parent_entity_url&quot;:null,&quot;entity_name&quot;:&quot;Выборка уникальных записей&quot;,&quot;entity_url&quot;:null,&quot;active&quot;:true}},{&quot;id&quot;:2317,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Доброго времени суток!\nК сожалению застрял на этом задании. \nКод select distinct name from goods where category=&#x27;car&#x27;; не выдаёт синтактических ошибок, а выборка получается корректной. Не могли бы подсказать в чём ошибка, так как даже в файле test.js указан тот же результат, что у запроса выше (насколько я понял, результат запроса должен совпасть с данными этого файла). \nЗаранее спасибо!&quot;,&quot;plain_title&quot;:&quot;Доброго времени суток! К сожалению застрял на этом задании.  Код select distinct name from goods where category=&#x27;car&#x27;; не выдаёт синтактических ошибок, а выборка получается корректной. Не могли бы подсказать в чём ошибка, так как даже в файле test.js указан тот же результат, что у запроса выше (насколько я понял, результат запроса должен совпасть с данными этого файла).  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