Ruby: Полный Rails
2026-02-26 16:31 Diff
https://ru.hexlet.io/courses/rails-full/lessons/jobs/theory_unit
# bin/rails g job fetch_books_titles # create test/jobs/fetch_books_titles_job_test.rb # create app/jobs/fetch_books_titles_job.rb # app/jobs/fetch_books_titles_job.rb class FetchBooksTitlesJob < ApplicationJob queue_as :default def perform(*args) # Do something later end end # test/jobs/fetch_books_titles_job_test.rb require "test_helper" class FetchBooksTitlesJobTest < ActiveJob::TestCase # test "the truth" do # assert true # end end # app/jobs/fetch_books_titles_job.rb class FetchBooksTitlesJob < ApplicationJob queue_as :default def perform titles = Book.pluck(:title) pp titles end end # bin/rails g job fetch_books_titles --queue urgent # app/jobs/fetch_books_titles_job.rb class FetchBooksTitlesJob < ApplicationJob # --queue задает очередь в которую попадает задача queue_as :urgent def perform(*args) # Do something later end end # Вызов джобы FetchBooksTitlesJob.perform_later # Джоба выполняется после выполнения основного процесса FetchBooksTitlesJob.perform_now # Джоба запускается непосредственно # Выполнить через 5 секунд FetchBooksTitlesJob.set(wait: 5.seconds).perform_later # Запустить через 10 секунд, в определенное время FetchBooksTitlesJob.set(wait_until: Time.now + 10.seconds).perform_later # config/application.rb require_relative "boot" require "rails/all" # Require the gems listed in Gemfile, including any gems # you've limited to :test, :development, or :production. Bundler.require(*Rails.groups) module Books class Application < Rails::Application config.load_defaults 6.1 # https://api.rubyonrails.org/classes/ActiveJob/QueueAdapters.html config.active_job.queue_adapter = :sidekiq config.active_job_queue_name_prefix = Rails.new config.active_job_queue_name_delimiter = '.' end end # Запуск задачи в заданной очереди FetchBooksTitlesJob.set(queue: :low_priority).perform_later # app/jobs/fetch_books_titles_job.rb class FetchBooksTitlesJob < ApplicationJob # Очередь задается динамически # queue_as { cond ? :default : :high_priority } def perform titles = Book.pluck(:title) pp titles end end # Доступные коллбеки # https://edgeguides.rubyonrails.org/active_job_basics.html#available-callbacks before_enqueue around_enqueue after_enqueue before_perform around_perform after_perform # app/jobs/fetch_books_titles_job.rb class FetchBooksTitlesJob < ApplicationJob around_perform :improve_output def perform titles = Book.pluck(:title) pp titles end def improve_output pp '*******************************************' yield pp '*******************************************' end end # https://guides.rubyonrails.org/action_mailer_basics.html # bin/rails g mailer new_book # create app/mailers/new_book_mailer.rb # create app/views/new_book_mailer # create test/mailers/new_book_mailer_test.rb # create test/mailers/previews/new_book_mailer_preview.rb # app/mailers/new_book_mailer.rb class NewBookMailer < ApplicationMailer default from: 'book@example.com' def new_book mail( to: 'user@examplle.com', subject: 'New book' ) end end # app/views/new_book_mailer/new_book.txt.erb New book has been created # Отправка письма NewBookMailer.new_book.deliver_later NewBookMailer.new_book.deliver_now # https://github.com/mperham/sidekiq # Для работы sidekiq требуется запущенный redis # Для выполнения задач требуется запущенный sidekiq # bundle exec sidekiq # Gemfile gem 'sidekiq' # config/application.rb require_relative "boot" require "rails/all" # Require the gems listed in Gemfile, including any gems # you've limited to :test, :development, or :production. Bundler.require(*Rails.groups) module Books class Application < Rails::Application config.load_defaults 6.1 # https://api.rubyonrails.org/classes/ActiveJob/QueueAdapters.html config.active_job.queue_adapter = :sidekiq end end # config/sidekiq.yml # В этомф файле хранятся настройки sidekiq # :concurrency: 2 # :logfile: ./log/sidekiq.log # :queues: # - default # - mailers # Open http://localhost:3000/sidekiq # app/jobs/fetch_books_titles_job.rb class FetchBooksTitlesJob # include Sidekiq::Worker def perform titles = Book.pluck(:title) pp titles end def improve_output pp '*******************************************' yield pp '*******************************************' end end # Для асинхронных джоб с sidekiq изменяется способ их вызова FetchBooksTitlesJob.perform_async FetchBooksTitlesJob.perform_in(5.seconds) # ActiveJob perform_now / perform_later # Sidekiq perform_async / perform_in