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Внешний ключ определяет связь между двумя таблицами на основе значения определенного столбца.\r\n\r\nПример:\r\n\r\nПредположим, у вас есть две таблицы: **orders** и **customers**. Каждый заказ относится к определенному клиенту, поэтому необходимо установить связь между таблицами. Для этого нужно определить внешний ключ в таблице **orders**:\r\n\r\n```sql\r\nCREATE TABLE customers (\r\n customer_id INT PRIMARY KEY,\r\n customer_name VARCHAR(50)\r\n);\r\n\r\nCREATE TABLE orders (\r\n order_id INT PRIMARY KEY,\r\n order_date DATE,\r\n customer_id INT,\r\n FOREIGN KEY (customer_id) REFERENCES customers(customer_id)\r\n);\r\n```\r\n\r\nВ этом примере мы создаем таблицы **customers** и **orders**. Затем мы определяем столбец **customer_id** как внешний ключ в таблице **orders** с помощью ключевого слова **FOREIGN KEY**. Мы указываем, что этот внешний ключ связывает столбец **customer_id** в таблице **orders** со столбцом **customer_id** в таблице **customers**.\r\n\r\nПосле создания связи между таблицами вы можете использовать операторы `JOIN` для объединения этих таблиц и выполнения запросов, используя данные из обеих таблиц.","votes_up_count":1,"votes_down_count":0,"created_at":"2023-04-08T19:56:15.963Z","user_id":324963,"category_slug":"sql"}],"relatedQuestions":[{"creator":{"id":363630,"email":"a.agaphonov@ya.ru","first_name":"Человек-Молекула","last_name":"","telegram":null,"full_name":"Человек-Молекула","removed":false},"category":{"id":7,"title":"SQL","slug":"sql","questions_count":350,"locale":"ru"},"tags":[],"id":203,"answers_count":1,"slug":"kak-posmotret-sql-zapros-yii2","state":"published","title":"Как посмотреть sql запрос 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Внешний ключ определяет связь между двумя таблицами на основе значения определенного столбца.\r\n\r\nПример:\r\n\r\nПредположим, у вас есть две таблицы: **orders** и **customers**. Каждый заказ относится к определенному клиенту, поэтому необходимо установить связь между таблицами. Для этого нужно определить внешний ключ в таблице **orders**:\r\n\r\n```sql\r\nCREATE TABLE customers (\r\n customer_id INT PRIMARY KEY,\r\n customer_name VARCHAR(50)\r\n);\r\n\r\nCREATE TABLE orders (\r\n order_id INT PRIMARY KEY,\r\n order_date DATE,\r\n customer_id INT,\r\n FOREIGN KEY (customer_id) REFERENCES customers(customer_id)\r\n);\r\n```\r\n\r\nВ этом примере мы создаем таблицы **customers** и **orders**. Затем мы определяем столбец **customer_id** как внешний ключ в таблице **orders** с помощью ключевого слова **FOREIGN KEY**. Мы указываем, что этот внешний ключ связывает столбец **customer_id** в таблице **orders** со столбцом **customer_id** в таблице **customers**.\r\n\r\nПосле создания связи между таблицами вы можете использовать операторы `JOIN` для объединения этих таблиц и выполнения запросов, используя данные из обеих таблиц.","datePublished":"2023-04-08T19:56:15.963Z","upvoteCount":1,"author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Даниил Першин"},"url":"https://ru.hexlet.io/qna/sql/questions/kak-sozdat-svyaz-mezhdu-tablitsami-v-sql#answer-2498"}}}</script><div style="--container-size:var(--container-size-lg);margin-top:var(--mantine-spacing-xl);height:100%" class="m_7485cace mantine-Container-root" data-size="lg" data-strategy="block"><script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"position":1,"@type":"ListItem","item":{"@id":"/qna","name":"Вопросы и ответы"}},{"position":2,"@type":"ListItem","item":{"@id":"/qna/sql/questions","name":"SQL"}},{"position":3,"@type":"ListItem","item":{"@id":"/qna/sql/questions/kak-sozdat-svyaz-mezhdu-tablitsami-v-sql","name":"Как создать связь между таблицами в sql\r"}}]}</script><div style="margin-bottom:var(--mantine-spacing-xs)" class="m_8b3717df mantine-Breadcrumbs-root"><a style="--text-fz:var(--mantine-font-size-sm);--text-lh:var(--mantine-line-height-sm);white-space:normal;color:inherit" class="mantine-focus-auto m_849cf0da m_f678d540 mantine-Breadcrumbs-breadcrumb m_b6d8b162 mantine-Text-root mantine-Anchor-root" data-size="sm" data-underline="hover" href="/"><div style="color:inherit" class="m_4451eb3a mantine-Center-root"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="15" height="15" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="tabler-icon tabler-icon-home-link "><path d="M20.085 11.085l-8.085 -8.085l-9 9h2v7a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h4.5"></path><path d="M9 21v-6a2 2 0 0 1 2 -2h2a2 2 0 0 1 1.807 1.143"></path><path d="M20 21a1 1 0 1 0 2 0a1 1 0 1 0 -2 0"></path><path d="M20 16a1 1 0 1 0 2 0a1 1 0 1 0 -2 0"></path><path d="M15 19a1 1 0 1 0 2 0a1 1 0 1 0 -2 0"></path><path d="M21 16l-5 3l5 2"></path></svg></div></a><div class="m_3b8f2208 mantine-Breadcrumbs-separator">/</div><a style="--text-fz:var(--mantine-font-size-sm);--text-lh:var(--mantine-line-height-sm);white-space:normal;color:inherit" class="mantine-focus-auto m_849cf0da m_f678d540 mantine-Breadcrumbs-breadcrumb m_b6d8b162 mantine-Text-root mantine-Anchor-root" data-size="sm" data-underline="hover" href="/qna">Вопросы и ответы</a><div class="m_3b8f2208 mantine-Breadcrumbs-separator">/</div><a style="--text-fz:var(--mantine-font-size-sm);--text-lh:var(--mantine-line-height-sm);white-space:normal;color:inherit" class="mantine-focus-auto m_849cf0da m_f678d540 mantine-Breadcrumbs-breadcrumb m_b6d8b162 mantine-Text-root mantine-Anchor-root" data-size="sm" data-underline="hover" href="/qna/sql/questions">SQL</a><div class="m_3b8f2208 mantine-Breadcrumbs-separator">/</div><p style="--text-fz:var(--mantine-font-size-sm);--text-lh:var(--mantine-line-height-sm);white-space:normal;color:var(--mantine-color-dimmed)" class="mantine-focus-auto m_f678d540 mantine-Breadcrumbs-breadcrumb m_b6d8b162 mantine-Text-root" data-size="sm">Как создать связь между таблицами в sql
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mantine-Card-root m_1b7284a3 mantine-Paper-root"><div style="--group-gap:var(--mantine-spacing-md);--group-align:center;--group-justify:flex-start;--group-wrap:wrap" class="m_4081bf90 mantine-Group-root"><div style="--ti-bg:transparent;--ti-color:var(--mantine-color-indigo-light-color);--ti-bd:calc(0.0625rem * var(--mantine-scale)) solid transparent;margin-inline-end:auto;color:inherit" class="m_7341320d mantine-ThemeIcon-root" data-variant="transparent"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="tabler-icon tabler-icon-brand-telegram "><path d="M15 10l-4 4l6 6l4 -16l-18 7l4 2l2 6l3 -4"></path></svg></div>Присоединяйтесь к нашему Telegram-сообществу</div></div></button></div><h2 style="--title-fw:var(--mantine-h2-font-weight);--title-lh:var(--mantine-h2-line-height);--title-fz:var(--mantine-h2-font-size);margin-block:var(--mantine-spacing-xl)" class="m_8a5d1357 mantine-Title-root" data-order="2">Ответы</h2><div style="margin-bottom:var(--mantine-spacing-xl);padding:var(--mantine-spacing-lg)" class="m_e615b15f mantine-Card-root m_1b7284a3 mantine-Paper-root" data-with-border="true" id="answer-2498"><div style="--group-gap:calc(1.125rem * var(--mantine-scale));--group-align:stretch;--group-justify:flex-start;--group-wrap:nowrap" class="m_4081bf90 mantine-Group-root"><div style="--stack-gap:var(--mantine-spacing-md);--stack-align:stretch;--stack-justify:flex-start;font-size:var(--mantine-font-size-h1);font-weight:lighter;text-align:center" class="m_6d731127 mantine-Stack-root">1<a style="color:inherit" class="mantine-focus-auto m_849cf0da m_b6d8b162 mantine-Text-root mantine-Anchor-root" data-underline="hover" href="/qna/sql/questions/kak-sozdat-svyaz-mezhdu-tablitsami-v-sql/answers/2498/vote"><div style="--ti-bg:transparent;--ti-color:var(--mantine-color-indigo-light-color);--ti-bd:calc(0.0625rem * var(--mantine-scale)) solid transparent;color:inherit" class="m_7341320d mantine-ThemeIcon-root" data-variant="transparent"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="tabler-icon tabler-icon-thumb-up "><path d="M7 11v8a1 1 0 0 1 -1 1h-2a1 1 0 0 1 -1 -1v-7a1 1 0 0 1 1 -1h3a4 4 0 0 0 4 -4v-1a2 2 0 0 1 4 0v5h3a2 2 0 0 1 2 2l-1 5a2 3 0 0 1 -2 2h-7a3 3 0 0 1 -3 -3"></path></svg></div></a><div style="--ti-bg:transparent;--ti-color:var(--mantine-color-indigo-light-color);--ti-bd:calc(0.0625rem * var(--mantine-scale)) solid transparent;color:inherit" class="m_7341320d mantine-ThemeIcon-root" data-variant="transparent"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="tabler-icon tabler-icon-check "><path d="M5 12l5 5l10 -10"></path></svg></div></div><div style="--stack-gap:var(--mantine-spacing-md);--stack-align:stretch;--stack-justify:flex-start;width:100%;min-width:0rem" class="m_6d731127 mantine-Stack-root"><div style="margin-bottom:auto" class="m_d08caa0 mantine-Typography-root"><p>Для создания связи между таблицами в <strong>SQL</strong> используется внешний ключ <strong>FOREIGN KEY</strong>. Внешний ключ определяет связь между двумя таблицами на основе значения определенного столбца.</p>
<p>Пример:</p>
<p>Предположим, у вас есть две таблицы: <strong>orders</strong> и <strong>customers</strong>. Каждый заказ относится к определенному клиенту, поэтому необходимо установить связь между таблицами. Для этого нужно определить внешний ключ в таблице <strong>orders</strong>:</p>
<div style="margin-bottom:var(--mantine-spacing-lg)" class="m_e597c321 mantine-CodeHighlight-codeHighlight" dir="ltr"><div class="m_be7e9c9c mantine-CodeHighlight-controls"><button style="--ai-bg:transparent;--ai-hover:transparent;--ai-color:inherit;--ai-bd:none" class="mantine-focus-auto mantine-active m_d498bab7 mantine-CodeHighlight-control m_8d3f4000 mantine-ActionIcon-root m_87cf2631 mantine-UnstyledButton-root" data-variant="none" type="button" aria-label="Copy code"><span class="m_8d3afb97 mantine-ActionIcon-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke-width="2" stroke="currentColor" fill="none" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path stroke="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z" fill="none"></path><path d="M8 8m0 2a2 2 0 0 1 2 -2h8a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v8a2 2 0 0 1 -2 2h-8a2 2 0 0 1 -2 -2z"></path><path d="M16 8v-2a2 2 0 0 0 -2 -2h-8a2 2 0 0 0 -2 2v8a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2"></path></svg></span></button></div><div style="--scrollarea-scrollbar-size:calc(0.25rem * var(--mantine-scale));--sa-corner-width:0px;--sa-corner-height:0px" class="m_f744fd40 mantine-CodeHighlight-scrollarea m_d57069b5 mantine-ScrollArea-root" dir="ltr"><div style="overflow-x:hidden;overflow-y:hidden;overscroll-behavior-inline:none" class="m_c0783ff9 mantine-ScrollArea-viewport" data-scrollbars="xy"><div class="m_b1336c6 mantine-ScrollArea-content"><pre class="m_2c47c4fd mantine-CodeHighlight-pre" style="padding:0"><code class="m_5caae6d3 mantine-CodeHighlight-code">CREATE TABLE customers (
customer_id INT PRIMARY KEY,
customer_name VARCHAR(50)
);
CREATE TABLE orders (
order_id INT PRIMARY KEY,
order_date DATE,
customer_id INT,
FOREIGN KEY (customer_id) REFERENCES customers(customer_id)
);</code></pre></div></div></div><button class="mantine-focus-auto m_c9378bc2 mantine-CodeHighlight-showCodeButton m_87cf2631 mantine-UnstyledButton-root" data-hidden="true" type="button">Expand code</button></div>
<p>В этом примере мы создаем таблицы <strong>customers</strong> и <strong>orders</strong>. Затем мы определяем столбец <strong>customer_id</strong> как внешний ключ в таблице <strong>orders</strong> с помощью ключевого слова <strong>FOREIGN KEY</strong>. Мы указываем, что этот внешний ключ связывает столбец <strong>customer_id</strong> в таблице <strong>orders</strong> со столбцом <strong>customer_id</strong> в таблице <strong>customers</strong>.</p>
<p>После создания связи между таблицами вы можете использовать операторы <code style="margin-bottom:var(--mantine-spacing-lg)" class="m_dfe9c588 mantine-InlineCodeHighlight-inlineCodeHighlight m_e597c321 mantine-CodeHighlight-codeHighlight m_dfe9c588 mantine-InlineCodeHighlight-inlineCodeHighlight">JOIN</code> для объединения этих таблиц и выполнения запросов, используя данные из обеих таблиц.</p></div><div class="m_3eebeb36 mantine-Divider-root" data-orientation="horizontal" role="separator"></div><div style="--group-gap:var(--mantine-spacing-md);--group-align:center;--group-justify:flex-start;--group-wrap:wrap;font-size:var(--mantine-font-size-sm)" class="m_4081bf90 mantine-Group-root"><div style="--group-gap:var(--mantine-spacing-xs);--group-align:center;--group-justify:flex-start;--group-wrap:wrap;margin-inline-start:auto" class="m_4081bf90 mantine-Group-root"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" 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