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После js немного сложнаватая к пониманию концепция (чисто из-за необычного синтаксиса и концепции блоков в общем), хотя проще уложить это в голове, если относиться к ним в данном контексте как к лямда (безымянным функциям). Единственное что получается, что метод в ФВП таким образом можно передать только без аргументов? Потомучто list.filter(&:end_with?('?')) - не сработало\nСпасибо","plain_title":"Добрый день. После js немного сложнаватая к пониманию концепция (чисто из-за необычного синтаксиса и концепции блоков в общем), хотя проще уложить это в голове, если относиться к ним в данном контексте как к лямда (безымянным функциям). Единственное что получается, что метод в ФВП таким образом можно передать только без аргументов? Потомучто list.filter(&:end_with?('?')) - не сработало Спасибо ","creator":{"public_name":"Aleksandr Severyuk","id":331984,"is_tutor":false},"comments":[{"creator":{"public_name":"Nikolai Gagarinov","id":104929,"is_tutor":true},"id":180459,"body":"Добрый день. \n\nТакой код:\n```\n.reject(&:odd?)\n```\n\nЯвляется синтаксическим сахаром для:\n\n```\n .reject {|x| x.odd?}\n```\n\nТ.е. он не позволяет передать аргумент в блок с амперсандом.","topic_id":91105}],"communitable":{"parent_entity_name":null,"parent_entity_url":null,"entity_name":"Трансляция символов в блоки","entity_url":null,"active":true}}],"lesson":{"exercise":{"id":1990,"slug":"ruby_basics_functions_symbols_to_blocks","name":null,"state":"active","kind":"exercise","language":"ruby","locale":"ru","has_web_view":false,"has_test_view":false,"reviewable":true,"readme":"## solution.rb\n\nРеализуйте функцию `convert()`, которая принимает на вход список строк и применяет к нему следующую цепочку действий:\n\n* Список сортируется\n* Фильтрация: удаляются строки, не заканчивающиеся на `'?'`\n* Отображение: все строки приводятся к нижнему регистру\n\nРезультат возвращается наружу:\n\n```ruby\nstrings = ['wow?', 'One?', 'tWo!', 'THREE']\nconvert(strings) # [\"one?\", \"wow?\"]\n```\n","prepared_readme":"## solution.rb\n\nРеализуйте функцию `convert()`, которая принимает на вход список строк и применяет к нему следующую цепочку действий:\n\n* Список сортируется\n* Фильтрация: удаляются строки, не заканчивающиеся на `'?'`\n* Отображение: все строки приводятся к нижнему регистру\n\nРезультат возвращается наружу:\n\n```ruby\nstrings = ['wow?', 'One?', 'tWo!', 'THREE']\nconvert(strings) # [\"one?\", \"wow?\"]\n```\n","has_solution":true,"entity_name":"Трансляция символов в блоки"},"units":[{"id":6445,"name":"theory","url":"/courses/ruby-basics/lessons/functions-symbols-to-blocks/theory_unit"},{"id":13311,"name":"quiz","url":"/courses/ruby-basics/lessons/functions-symbols-to-blocks/quiz_unit"},{"id":6461,"name":"exercise","url":"/courses/ruby-basics/lessons/functions-symbols-to-blocks/exercise_unit"}],"links":[],"ordered_units":[{"id":6445,"name":"theory","url":"/courses/ruby-basics/lessons/functions-symbols-to-blocks/theory_unit"},{"id":13311,"name":"quiz","url":"/courses/ruby-basics/lessons/functions-symbols-to-blocks/quiz_unit"},{"id":6461,"name":"exercise","url":"/courses/ruby-basics/lessons/functions-symbols-to-blocks/exercise_unit"}],"id":2828,"slug":"functions-symbols-to-blocks","state":"approved","name":"Трансляция символов в блоки","course_order":850,"goal":"Учимся преобразовывать символы в блоки","self_study":null,"theory_video_provider":null,"theory_video_uid":null,"theory":"В Ruby-коде можно встретить странную конструкцию из амперсанда,\nсоединенного с символом:\n\n```ruby\n['hexlet', 'code-basics'].map(&:upcase) # [\"HEXLET\", \"CODE-BASICS\"]\n# То же самое\n# ['hexlet', 'code-basics'].map { |name| name.upcase }\n```\n\nАмперсанд в этом выражении обозначает передачу блока в функцию. Но\nсимвол — это не блок. Как работает такой код? Всё дело в приведении\nтипов. У символов определен метод `to_proc()`, который преобразует\nсимвол в блок определенного вида. Он вызывается автоматически в тех\nслучаях, когда данные используются как блоки. Это то же самое, что и\nинтерполяция данных в строку.\n\nВ отличие от простых типов данных, преобразование символа в блок\nработает не очевидно. Проще показать на примере:\n\n```ruby\nblock = :capitalize.to_proc\n# block = proc { |value| value.capitalize }\nblock.call('hexlet') # \"Hexlet\"\n```\n\nТо есть получившийся блок принимает на вход один параметр, у которого\nзатем вызывается метод с именем исходного символа. Такое преобразование\nне случайно, его создали как раз для удобной работы с функциями высшего\nпорядка:\n\n```ruby\n['hexlet', 'code-basics'].map(&:reverse).map(&:capitalize)\n# [\"Telxeh\", \"Scisab-edoc\"]\n```\n\nЭтот трюк работает даже для операторов, так как в Ruby большинство\nоператоров всего лишь методы:\n\n```ruby\n[1, 3, 4].reduce &:+ # 8\n```\n"},"lessonMember":null,"courseMember":null,"course":{"start_lesson":{"exercise":null,"units":[{"id":7191,"name":"theory","url":"/courses/ruby-basics/lessons/intro/theory_unit"}],"links":[],"ordered_units":[{"id":7191,"name":"theory","url":"/courses/ruby-basics/lessons/intro/theory_unit"}],"id":3209,"slug":"intro","state":"approved","name":"Введение","course_order":50,"goal":"Знакомимся с курсом","self_study":null,"theory_video_provider":null,"theory_video_uid":null,"theory":"Ruby — язык, созданный для того, чтобы программисты были счастливы. 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__m__-_R_rdub_"><style data-mantine-styles="inline">.__m__-_R_6qrdub_{margin-top:0rem;padding-inline:var(--mantine-spacing-xs);width:100%;}@media(min-width: 48em){.__m__-_R_6qrdub_{margin-top:var(--mantine-spacing-xl);width:80%;}}@media(min-width: 62em){.__m__-_R_6qrdub_{padding-inline:var(--mantine-spacing-xl);}}</style><div style="margin-inline:auto;max-width:var(--mantine-breakpoint-xl)" class="__m__-_R_6qrdub_"><div style="color:var(--mantine-color-dimmed)" class="m_4451eb3a mantine-Center-root" data-inline="true"><div style="--ti-size:var(--ti-size-xs);--ti-bg:transparent;--ti-color:var(--mantine-color-indigo-light-color);--ti-bd:calc(0.0625rem * var(--mantine-scale)) solid transparent;margin-inline-end:calc(0.125rem * var(--mantine-scale));color:inherit" class="m_7341320d mantine-ThemeIcon-root" data-variant="transparent" data-size="xs"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="tabler-icon tabler-icon-lock "><path d="M5 13a2 2 0 0 1 2 -2h10a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v6a2 2 0 0 1 -2 2h-10a2 2 0 0 1 -2 -2v-6"></path><path d="M11 16a1 1 0 1 0 2 0a1 1 0 0 0 -2 0"></path><path d="M8 11v-4a4 4 0 1 1 8 0v4"></path></svg></div><p style="font-size:var(--mantine-font-size-sm)" class="mantine-focus-auto m_b6d8b162 mantine-Text-root">Ruby</p></div><h1 style="--title-fw:var(--mantine-h1-font-weight);--title-lh:var(--mantine-h1-line-height);--title-fz:var(--mantine-h1-font-size);margin-bottom:var(--mantine-spacing-xl)" class="m_8a5d1357 mantine-Title-root" data-order="1">Теория: Трансляция символов в блоки</h1><script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"LearningResource","name":"Трансляция символов в блоки","inLanguage":"ru","isPartOf":{"@type":"LearningResource","name":"Ruby"},"isAccessibleForFree":"False","hasPart":{"@type":"WebPageElement","isAccessibleForFree":"False","cssSelector":".paywalled"}}</script><div class=""><div style="--alert-color:var(--mantine-color-indigo-light-color);margin-bottom:var(--mantine-spacing-lg);font-size:var(--mantine-font-size-lg)" class="m_66836ed3 mantine-Alert-root" id="mantine-_R_remqrdub_" role="alert" aria-describedby="mantine-_R_remqrdub_-body" aria-labelledby="mantine-_R_remqrdub_-title"><div class="m_a5d60502 mantine-Alert-wrapper"><div class="m_667f2a6a mantine-Alert-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="tabler-icon tabler-icon-rocket "><path d="M4 13a8 8 0 0 1 7 7a6 6 0 0 0 3 -5a9 9 0 0 0 6 -8a3 3 0 0 0 -3 -3a9 9 0 0 0 -8 6a6 6 0 0 0 -5 3"></path><path d="M7 14a6 6 0 0 0 -3 6a6 6 0 0 0 6 -3"></path><path d="M14 9a1 1 0 1 0 2 0a1 1 0 1 0 -2 0"></path></svg></div><div class="m_667c2793 mantine-Alert-body"><div class="m_6a03f287 mantine-Alert-title"><span id="mantine-_R_remqrdub_-title" class="m_698f4f23 mantine-Alert-label">Полный доступ к материалам</span></div><div id="mantine-_R_remqrdub_-body" class="m_7fa78076 mantine-Alert-message"><div style="--group-gap:var(--mantine-spacing-md);--group-align:center;--group-justify:space-between;--group-wrap:wrap" class="m_4081bf90 mantine-Group-root"><p class="mantine-focus-auto m_b6d8b162 mantine-Text-root">Зарегистрируйтесь и получите доступ к этому и десяткам других курсов</p><a style="--button-height:var(--button-height-xs);--button-padding-x:var(--button-padding-x-xs);--button-fz:var(--mantine-font-size-xs);--button-bg:linear-gradient(45deg, var(--mantine-color-blue-filled) 0%, var(--mantine-color-cyan-filled) 100%);--button-hover:linear-gradient(45deg, var(--mantine-color-blue-filled) 0%, var(--mantine-color-cyan-filled) 100%);--button-color:var(--mantine-color-white);--button-bd:none" class="mantine-focus-auto mantine-active m_77c9d27d mantine-Button-root m_87cf2631 mantine-UnstyledButton-root" data-variant="gradient" data-size="xs" href="/u/new"><span class="m_80f1301b mantine-Button-inner"><span class="m_811560b9 mantine-Button-label">Зарегистрироваться</span></span></a></div></div></div></div></div><div class="paywalled m_d08caa0 mantine-Typography-root"><p>В Ruby-коде можно встретить странную конструкцию из амперсанда,
соединенного с символом:</p>
<div style="margin-bottom:var(--mantine-spacing-lg)" class="m_e597c321 mantine-CodeHighlight-codeHighlight" dir="ltr"><div class="m_be7e9c9c mantine-CodeHighlight-controls"><button style="--ai-bg:transparent;--ai-hover:transparent;--ai-color:inherit;--ai-bd:none" class="mantine-focus-auto mantine-active m_d498bab7 mantine-CodeHighlight-control m_8d3f4000 mantine-ActionIcon-root m_87cf2631 mantine-UnstyledButton-root" data-variant="none" type="button" aria-label="Copy code"><span class="m_8d3afb97 mantine-ActionIcon-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke-width="2" stroke="currentColor" fill="none" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path stroke="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z" fill="none"></path><path d="M8 8m0 2a2 2 0 0 1 2 -2h8a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v8a2 2 0 0 1 -2 2h-8a2 2 0 0 1 -2 -2z"></path><path d="M16 8v-2a2 2 0 0 0 -2 -2h-8a2 2 0 0 0 -2 2v8a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2"></path></svg></span></button></div><div style="--scrollarea-scrollbar-size:calc(0.25rem * var(--mantine-scale));--sa-corner-width:0px;--sa-corner-height:0px" class="m_f744fd40 mantine-CodeHighlight-scrollarea m_d57069b5 mantine-ScrollArea-root" dir="ltr"><div style="overflow-x:hidden;overflow-y:hidden;overscroll-behavior-inline:none" class="m_c0783ff9 mantine-ScrollArea-viewport" data-scrollbars="xy"><div class="m_b1336c6 mantine-ScrollArea-content"><pre class="m_2c47c4fd mantine-CodeHighlight-pre" style="padding:0"><code class="m_5caae6d3 mantine-CodeHighlight-code">['hexlet', 'code-basics'].map(&:upcase) # ["HEXLET", "CODE-BASICS"]
# То же самое
# ['hexlet', 'code-basics'].map { |name| name.upcase }</code></pre></div></div></div><button class="mantine-focus-auto m_c9378bc2 mantine-CodeHighlight-showCodeButton m_87cf2631 mantine-UnstyledButton-root" data-hidden="true" type="button">Expand code</button></div>
<p>Амперсанд в этом выражении обозначает передачу блока в функцию. Но
символ — это не блок. Как работает такой код? Всё дело в приведении
типов. У символов определен метод <code style="margin-bottom:var(--mantine-spacing-lg)" class="m_dfe9c588 mantine-InlineCodeHighlight-inlineCodeHighlight m_e597c321 mantine-CodeHighlight-codeHighlight m_dfe9c588 mantine-InlineCodeHighlight-inlineCodeHighlight">to_proc()</code>, который преобразует
символ в блок определенного вида. Он вызывается автоматически в тех
случаях, когда данные используются как блоки. Это то же самое, что и
интерполяция данных в строку.</p>
<p>В отличие от простых типов данных, преобразование символа в блок
работает не очевидно. Проще показать на примере:</p>
<div style="margin-bottom:var(--mantine-spacing-lg)" class="m_e597c321 mantine-CodeHighlight-codeHighlight" dir="ltr"><div class="m_be7e9c9c mantine-CodeHighlight-controls"><button style="--ai-bg:transparent;--ai-hover:transparent;--ai-color:inherit;--ai-bd:none" class="mantine-focus-auto mantine-active m_d498bab7 mantine-CodeHighlight-control m_8d3f4000 mantine-ActionIcon-root m_87cf2631 mantine-UnstyledButton-root" data-variant="none" type="button" aria-label="Copy code"><span class="m_8d3afb97 mantine-ActionIcon-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke-width="2" stroke="currentColor" fill="none" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path stroke="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z" fill="none"></path><path d="M8 8m0 2a2 2 0 0 1 2 -2h8a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v8a2 2 0 0 1 -2 2h-8a2 2 0 0 1 -2 -2z"></path><path d="M16 8v-2a2 2 0 0 0 -2 -2h-8a2 2 0 0 0 -2 2v8a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2"></path></svg></span></button></div><div style="--scrollarea-scrollbar-size:calc(0.25rem * var(--mantine-scale));--sa-corner-width:0px;--sa-corner-height:0px" class="m_f744fd40 mantine-CodeHighlight-scrollarea m_d57069b5 mantine-ScrollArea-root" dir="ltr"><div style="overflow-x:hidden;overflow-y:hidden;overscroll-behavior-inline:none" class="m_c0783ff9 mantine-ScrollArea-viewport" data-scrollbars="xy"><div class="m_b1336c6 mantine-ScrollArea-content"><pre class="m_2c47c4fd mantine-CodeHighlight-pre" style="padding:0"><code class="m_5caae6d3 mantine-CodeHighlight-code">block = :capitalize.to_proc
# block = proc { |value| value.capitalize }
block.call('hexlet') # "Hexlet"</code></pre></div></div></div><button class="mantine-focus-auto m_c9378bc2 mantine-CodeHighlight-showCodeButton m_87cf2631 mantine-UnstyledButton-root" data-hidden="true" type="button">Expand code</button></div>
<p>То есть получившийся блок принимает на вход один параметр, у которого
затем вызывается метод с именем исходного символа. Такое преобразование
не случайно, его создали как раз для удобной работы с функциями высшего
порядка:</p>
<div style="margin-bottom:var(--mantine-spacing-lg)" class="m_e597c321 mantine-CodeHighlight-codeHighlight" dir="ltr"><div class="m_be7e9c9c mantine-CodeHighlight-controls"><button style="--ai-bg:transparent;--ai-hover:transparent;--ai-color:inherit;--ai-bd:none" class="mantine-focus-auto mantine-active m_d498bab7 mantine-CodeHighlight-control m_8d3f4000 mantine-ActionIcon-root m_87cf2631 mantine-UnstyledButton-root" data-variant="none" type="button" aria-label="Copy code"><span class="m_8d3afb97 mantine-ActionIcon-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke-width="2" stroke="currentColor" fill="none" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path stroke="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z" fill="none"></path><path d="M8 8m0 2a2 2 0 0 1 2 -2h8a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v8a2 2 0 0 1 -2 2h-8a2 2 0 0 1 -2 -2z"></path><path d="M16 8v-2a2 2 0 0 0 -2 -2h-8a2 2 0 0 0 -2 2v8a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2"></path></svg></span></button></div><div style="--scrollarea-scrollbar-size:calc(0.25rem * var(--mantine-scale));--sa-corner-width:0px;--sa-corner-height:0px" class="m_f744fd40 mantine-CodeHighlight-scrollarea m_d57069b5 mantine-ScrollArea-root" dir="ltr"><div style="overflow-x:hidden;overflow-y:hidden;overscroll-behavior-inline:none" class="m_c0783ff9 mantine-ScrollArea-viewport" data-scrollbars="xy"><div class="m_b1336c6 mantine-ScrollArea-content"><pre class="m_2c47c4fd mantine-CodeHighlight-pre" style="padding:0"><code class="m_5caae6d3 mantine-CodeHighlight-code">['hexlet', 'code-basics'].map(&:reverse).map(&:capitalize)
# ["Telxeh", "Scisab-edoc"]</code></pre></div></div></div><button class="mantine-focus-auto m_c9378bc2 mantine-CodeHighlight-showCodeButton m_87cf2631 mantine-UnstyledButton-root" data-hidden="true" type="button">Expand code</button></div>
<p>Этот трюк работает даже для операторов, так как в Ruby большинство
операторов всего лишь методы:</p>
<div style="margin-bottom:var(--mantine-spacing-lg)" class="m_e597c321 mantine-CodeHighlight-codeHighlight" dir="ltr"><div class="m_be7e9c9c mantine-CodeHighlight-controls"><button style="--ai-bg:transparent;--ai-hover:transparent;--ai-color:inherit;--ai-bd:none" class="mantine-focus-auto mantine-active m_d498bab7 mantine-CodeHighlight-control m_8d3f4000 mantine-ActionIcon-root m_87cf2631 mantine-UnstyledButton-root" data-variant="none" type="button" aria-label="Copy code"><span class="m_8d3afb97 mantine-ActionIcon-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke-width="2" stroke="currentColor" fill="none" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path stroke="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z" fill="none"></path><path d="M8 8m0 2a2 2 0 0 1 2 -2h8a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v8a2 2 0 0 1 -2 2h-8a2 2 0 0 1 -2 -2z"></path><path d="M16 8v-2a2 2 0 0 0 -2 -2h-8a2 2 0 0 0 -2 2v8a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2"></path></svg></span></button></div><div style="--scrollarea-scrollbar-size:calc(0.25rem * var(--mantine-scale));--sa-corner-width:0px;--sa-corner-height:0px" class="m_f744fd40 mantine-CodeHighlight-scrollarea m_d57069b5 mantine-ScrollArea-root" dir="ltr"><div style="overflow-x:hidden;overflow-y:hidden;overscroll-behavior-inline:none" class="m_c0783ff9 mantine-ScrollArea-viewport" data-scrollbars="xy"><div class="m_b1336c6 mantine-ScrollArea-content"><pre class="m_2c47c4fd mantine-CodeHighlight-pre" style="padding:0"><code class="m_5caae6d3 mantine-CodeHighlight-code">[1, 3, 4].reduce &:+ # 8</code></pre></div></div></div><button class="mantine-focus-auto m_c9378bc2 mantine-CodeHighlight-showCodeButton m_87cf2631 mantine-UnstyledButton-root" data-hidden="true" type="button">Expand code</button></div></div><div style="margin-block:var(--mantine-spacing-xl)" class=""><h2 style="--title-fw:var(--mantine-h2-font-weight);--title-lh:var(--mantine-h2-line-height);--title-fz:var(--mantine-h2-font-size);margin-bottom:var(--mantine-spacing-md)" class="m_8a5d1357 mantine-Title-root" 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