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<title>Что такое Guard Expression и зачем применять этот подход в разработке</title>
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На примерах разбираем, в чем суть подхода и в каких случаях его можно применять. Стоит отметить, что этот текст предназначен для тех, кто уже умеет создавать функции.\r\n\r\n","votes_count":41,"created_at":"2022-06-08T14:23:34.509Z","published_at":"2022-06-10T07:32:41.731Z","body":"**Guard Expression — подход, который в некоторых случаях помогает снизить уровень вложенности функции и сэкономить ресурсы — сделать так, чтобы программа не выполнялась при пограничных случаях. На примерах разбираем, в чем суть подхода и в каких случаях его можно применять. Стоит отметить, что этот текст предназначен для тех, кто уже умеет создавать функции.**\n\nВ этой статье мы сосредоточимся на основных моментах, которые характеризуют этот подход: в частности, на возможности отсекать крайние случаи и снижать уровень вложенности.\n\n## Содержание\n\n## Цикломатическая сложность\n\nСложность функций может сильно отличаться: чем больше в ней проверок и условий, тем сложнее стороннему программисту ее читать и понимать. Сложность бывает разных типов: например, необходимая (когда без большого количества независимых условий не обойтись) и случайная (когда она зависит от навыков программиста и нужен рефакторинг).\n\n::programs\n\nЧастично оценить их позволяет цикломатическая сложность — количество линейно независимых маршрутов через программный код. Эта мера была разработана Томасом Дж. Маккейбом в 1976 году. Если исходный код не содержит никаких точек ветвления или циклов, то сложность равна единице, поскольку есть только один маршрут следования через код. Но в ситуации, когда используются условия и циклы, цикломатическая сложность будет выше единицы.\n\n```javascript\n// Complexity: 1\nconst f1 = () => {\n console.log('Hello');\n};\n \n// Complexity: 2\nconst f2 = (condition) => {\n if (condition) {\n console.log('Hello');\n }\n}\n\n// Complexity: ?\nconst f3 = (condition, language) => {\n message = ''\n \n if (condition) {\n switch (language) {\n case 'de':\n message = 'Guten Tag'\n case 'es':\n message = 'Hola'\n case 'fr':\n message = 'Bonjour'\n default:\n message = 'Hello';\n }\n }\n \n console.log(message);\n}\n```\n\nВ этом случае на помощь приходит Guard Expression. Этот подход (или паттерн), помогает лучше структурировать код, сделать его более простым и понятным, иногда снизить цикломатическую сложность. В качестве примера рассмотрим функцию, которая принимает на вход пол и возраст. Для людей старше 18 в зависимости от пола она возвращает строку `yes` или `no`. Для всех остальных — `null`:\n\n```javascript\nconst f = (age, sex) => {\n if (age >= 18) {\n if (sex === 'male') {\n return 'yes';\n }\n if (sex === 'female') {\n return 'no';\n }\n }\n\n return null;\n}\n```\n\nЭту функцию можно сделать проще, разбив ее и добавив условие «вернуть null, если младше 18 лет». Оно гораздо более простое и очевидное, потому поставим его первым:\n\n```javascript\nconst f = (age, sex) => {\n if (age < 18) {\n return null;\n }\n\n if (sex === 'male') {\n return 'yes';\n }\n\n if (sex === 'female') {\n return 'no';\n }\n}\n```\n\nУровень вложенности снизился. В такой реализации функции сложнее ошибиться: все, что пишется ниже guard expression (первая проверка в данном случае), попадает под требование «от 18 и старше». В первом примере код для этого условия нужно не забывать вставить внутрь соответствующего условия.\n\n## Отсечение пограничных случаев\n\nВторая задача Guard Expression — сразу же обработать пограничные случаи. Речь идет о дополнительных проверках, которые могут усложнить и удлинить код, но не позволят функции или программе выполняться при определенных условиях.\n\n```javascript\nconst average = (numbers) => {\n // Если массив чисел пустой, то возвращаем сразу 0\n if (numbers.length === 0) {\n return 0;\n }\n \n result = 0;\n \n for (const number of numbers) {\n result += number;\n }\n \n return result / numbers.length;\n}\n \nconsole.log(average([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]));\n// => 3\n```\n\n::posts\n\nРассмотрим это на примере решения задачи по проверке числа на простоту. Ее условие звучит так: простое число — это натуральное число, которое делится только на 1 и себя. 0 и 1 - не простые числа.\n\n0 и 1 — это и есть крайние случаи: в функции нужно написать правило проверки только тех чисел, которые выше единицы. В коде это будет выглядеть так:\n\n```javascript\nconst isPrime = (num) => {\n if (num < 2) {\n return false;\n }\n\n for (let i = 2; i <= Math.sqrt(num); i += 1) {\n if (num % i === 0) {\n return false;\n }\n }\n\n return true;\n};\n```\n\nЕще один пример: в проекте [Hexlet SICP](https://sicp.hexlet.io/ru) есть функция, которая отмечает прохождение пользователем упражнения. Она работает только для авторизованных пользователей, которые ранее не выполняли упражнение. Крайние случаи — отсутствие авторизации и прохождение упражнения два и более раз:\n\n\n```php\nclass ExerciseService\n{\n public function completeExercise(User $user, Exercise $exercise): void\n {\n if ($user->hasCompletedExercise($exercise) || $user->isGuest()) {\n return;\n }\n\n $user->exercises()->syncWithoutDetaching($exercise);\n $this->activityService->logCompletedExercise($user, $exercise);\n }\n}\n```\n","reading_time":2,"url":"https://ru.hexlet.io/blog/posts/chto-takoe-guard-expression-i-zachem-primenyat-etot-podhod-v-razrabotke","cover_thumb_variant":null,"cover_list_variant":"/vite/assets/blog_post-7eTyeLLt.webp","cover_main_variant":"/vite/assets/blog_post-7eTyeLLt.webp","related_stacks_count":5},"relatedPosts":[{"model_name":"BlogPost","id":926,"title":"Библиотека React: особенности, перспективы, ситуация на рынке труда","slug":"biblioteka-react-review-article","summary":"В объявлениях о поиске программистов часто встречается требование уметь работать с React. Иногда работодатели ожидают знания React не только от фронтендеров, но и от бэкенд-разработчиков. Почему эта библиотека настолько популярная, стоит ли изучать её сегодня, каковы её перспективы по мнению опытных программистов? Ответы на эти и другие вопросы читайте в обзорной статье.","created_at":"2020-07-08T15:15:00.191Z","published_at":"2024-02-29T07:46:44.876Z","cover_list_variant":"https://hexlet.io/rails/active_storage/representations/proxy/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsiZGF0YSI6MTYyOCwicHVyIjoiYmxvYl9pZCJ9fQ==--6bac7610f325471938a0e33f58eaa4c52527d66f/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsiZGF0YSI6eyJmb3JtYXQiOiJ3ZWJwIiwicmVzaXplX2FuZF9wYWQiOls3MDgsMzU0XSwic2F2ZXIiOnsicXVhbGl0eSI6ODV9fSwicHVyIjoidmFyaWF0aW9uIn19--324dc52aa55ebe818c2a887ebcb832b9ad1c0381/%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5react-01.png"},{"model_name":"BlogPost","id":1656,"title":"Язык программирования PHP: почему его выбирают разработчики и с чего начать изучение","slug":"php-start","summary":"Рассказываем, в чем особенности языка PHP, его преимущества и недостатки, почему он до сих пор не теряет актуальности, что нужно знать, чтобы программировать на РHP и где тренировать свои навыки.","created_at":"2021-12-21T14:04:04.654Z","published_at":"2023-12-01T10:10:59.665Z","cover_list_variant":"https://hexlet.io/rails/active_storage/representations/proxy/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsiZGF0YSI6MTU5MSwicHVyIjoiYmxvYl9pZCJ9fQ==--01d293c2c32c364fb419ce05e3336d3b96061b52/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsiZGF0YSI6eyJmb3JtYXQiOiJ3ZWJwIiwicmVzaXplX2FuZF9wYWQiOls3MDgsMzU0XSwic2F2ZXIiOnsicXVhbGl0eSI6ODV9fSwicHVyIjoidmFyaWF0aW9uIn19--324dc52aa55ebe818c2a887ebcb832b9ad1c0381/PHPc%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C-01.png"},{"model_name":"BlogPost","id":416,"title":"Язык программирования JavaScript: где его используют и почему он популярен","slug":"stoit-li-uchit-javascript-perspektivy-situatsiya-na-rynke-truda-mneniya-ekspertov","summary":"Рассказываем, что это за язык программирования — JavaScript, где его используют, насколько он популярен и с чего начать изучение JavaScript.","created_at":"2019-07-26T08:17:06.287Z","published_at":"2023-10-04T08:41:58.734Z","cover_list_variant":"https://hexlet.io/rails/active_storage/representations/proxy/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsiZGF0YSI6MTcwMywicHVyIjoiYmxvYl9pZCJ9fQ==--aa69869c906a992728ba7c26886fa1b715024424/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsiZGF0YSI6eyJmb3JtYXQiOiJ3ZWJwIiwicmVzaXplX2FuZF9wYWQiOls3MDgsMzU0XSwic2F2ZXIiOnsicXVhbGl0eSI6ODV9fSwicHVyIjoidmFyaWF0aW9uIn19--324dc52aa55ebe818c2a887ebcb832b9ad1c0381/%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8Fjavascript-01.png"}],"category":{"id":4,"name":"Код","slug":"code","state":"published","created_at":"2016-08-23T13:33:44.258Z"},"mainStackCategory":{"id":12,"name":"Курсы по JavaScript","slug":"javascript","short_name":"JavaScript","order":71,"state":"published","category_slug":"courses_javascript"},"categories":[{"id":6,"name":"Мотивация","slug":"motivation","state":"published","created_at":"2016-10-06T18:31:38.903Z"},{"id":3,"name":"Истории успеха","slug":"success","state":"published","created_at":"2016-07-30T12:57:18.308Z"},{"id":14,"name":"Дневник студента","slug":"student-diary","state":"published","created_at":"2019-02-25T13:27:09.471Z"},{"id":4,"name":"Код","slug":"code","state":"published","created_at":"2016-08-23T13:33:44.258Z"},{"id":12,"name":"Карьера","slug":"career","state":"published","created_at":"2017-07-21T15:42:21.481Z"}],"relatedLandings":[{"stack":{"id":20,"slug":"js-sicp","title":"СИКП на JS","audience":"for_programmers","start_type":"anytime","pricing_model":"subscription","priority":"medium","kind":"track","state":"published","stack_state":"finished","order":4050,"duration_in_months":1},"id":28,"slug":"js-sicp","title":"СИКП на 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На примерах разбираем, в чем суть подхода и в каких случаях его можно применять. Стоит отметить, что этот текст предназначен для тех, кто уже умеет создавать функции.\r\n\r\n","image":"/vite/assets/blog_post-7eTyeLLt.webp","interactionStatistic":[{"@type":"InteractionCounter","interactionType":{"@type":"LikeAction"},"userInteractionCount":41}]}</script><div style="--container-size:var(--container-size-lg);margin-top:var(--mantine-spacing-xl);height:100%" class="m_7485cace mantine-Container-root" data-size="lg" data-strategy="block"><script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"position":1,"@type":"ListItem","item":{"@id":"/blog","name":"Блог Хекслета"}},{"position":2,"@type":"ListItem","item":{"@id":"/blog/categories/code","name":"Код"}},{"position":3,"@type":"ListItem","item":{"@id":"/blog/posts/chto-takoe-guard-expression-i-zachem-primenyat-etot-podhod-v-razrabotke","name":"Что такое Guard Expression и зачем применять этот подход в разработке"}}]}</script><div 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class="mantine-focus-auto m_f678d540 mantine-Breadcrumbs-breadcrumb m_b6d8b162 mantine-Text-root" data-size="sm">Что такое Guard Expression и зачем применять этот подход в разработке</p></div><style data-mantine-styles="inline">.__m__-_R_eub_{margin-bottom:var(--mantine-spacing-xs);}@media(min-width: 36em){.__m__-_R_eub_{margin-bottom:var(--mantine-spacing-xs);}}</style><div style="--group-gap:var(--mantine-spacing-md);--group-align:center;--group-justify:space-between;--group-wrap:wrap" class="m_4081bf90 mantine-Group-root __m__-_R_eub_"><style data-mantine-styles="inline">.__m__-_R_deub_{width:100%;}@media(min-width: 36em){.__m__-_R_deub_{width:70%;}}@media(min-width: 75em){.__m__-_R_deub_{width:75%;}}</style><div class="__m__-_R_deub_"><div style="--group-gap:var(--mantine-spacing-md);--group-align:center;--group-justify:start;--group-wrap:nowrap" class="m_4081bf90 mantine-Group-root"><h1 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__m__-_R_dmiub_"><div style="--stack-gap:var(--mantine-spacing-md);--stack-align:stretch;--stack-justify:flex-start;margin-bottom:var(--mantine-spacing-xl)" class="m_6d731127 mantine-Stack-root"><div class=""><div style="--group-gap:var(--mantine-spacing-xs);--group-align:center;--group-justify:flex-start;--group-wrap:wrap;margin-bottom:var(--mantine-spacing-xl)" class="m_4081bf90 mantine-Group-root"><button style="--badge-height:var(--badge-height-sm);--badge-padding-x:var(--badge-padding-x-sm);--badge-fz:var(--badge-fz-sm);--badge-bg:var(--mantine-color-default);--badge-color:var(--mantine-color-default-color);--badge-bd:calc(0.0625rem * var(--mantine-scale)) solid var(--mantine-color-default-border);cursor:pointer;color:inherit" class="m_347db0ec mantine-Badge-root" data-variant="default" data-size="sm" type="button" aria-label="Без стека"><span class="m_5add502a mantine-Badge-label">Без стека</span></button></div><div style="--group-gap:calc(0.625rem * 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2l-1 5a2 3 0 0 1 -2 2h-7a3 3 0 0 1 -3 -3"></path></svg></div>41</div></div><div style="--ar-ratio:2" class="m_71ac47fc mantine-AspectRatio-root"><img style="--image-radius:var(--mantine-radius-md);--image-object-fit:cover;width:100%;height:100%" class="m_9e117634 mantine-Image-root" src="/vite/assets/blog_post-7eTyeLLt.webp" alt="Что такое Guard Expression и зачем применять этот подход в разработке"/></div></div><div role="link" tabindex="0" style="cursor:pointer"><button style="display:block;width:100%" class="mantine-focus-auto m_87cf2631 mantine-UnstyledButton-root" type="button" aria-label="Присоединяйтесь к нашему Telegram-сообществу"><div style="background-color:light-dark(var(--mantine-color-gray-1), var(--mantine-color-dark-6))" class="m_e615b15f mantine-Card-root m_1b7284a3 mantine-Paper-root"><div style="--group-gap:var(--mantine-spacing-md);--group-align:center;--group-justify:flex-start;--group-wrap:wrap" class="m_4081bf90 mantine-Group-root"><div style="--ti-bg:transparent;--ti-color:var(--mantine-color-indigo-light-color);--ti-bd:calc(0.0625rem * var(--mantine-scale)) solid transparent;margin-inline-end:auto;color:inherit" class="m_7341320d mantine-ThemeIcon-root" data-variant="transparent"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="tabler-icon tabler-icon-brand-telegram "><path d="M15 10l-4 4l6 6l4 -16l-18 7l4 2l2 6l3 -4"></path></svg></div>Присоединяйтесь к нашему Telegram-сообществу</div></div></button></div><div style="margin-bottom:var(--mantine-spacing-xl)" class="m_d08caa0 mantine-Typography-root"><p><strong>Guard Expression — подход, который в некоторых случаях помогает снизить уровень вложенности функции и сэкономить ресурсы — сделать так, чтобы программа не выполнялась при пограничных случаях. На примерах разбираем, в чем суть подхода и в каких случаях его можно применять. Стоит отметить, что этот текст предназначен для тех, кто уже умеет создавать функции.</strong></p>
<p>В этой статье мы сосредоточимся на основных моментах, которые характеризуют этот подход: в частности, на возможности отсекать крайние случаи и снижать уровень вложенности.</p>
<h2 id="heading-2-1">Содержание</h2>
<ul>
<li><a style="text-decoration:underline" class="mantine-focus-auto m_849cf0da m_b6d8b162 mantine-Text-root mantine-Anchor-root" data-underline="hover" href="#heading-2-2">Цикломатическая сложность</a></li>
<li><a style="text-decoration:underline" class="mantine-focus-auto m_849cf0da m_b6d8b162 mantine-Text-root mantine-Anchor-root" data-underline="hover" href="#heading-2-3">Отсечение пограничных случаев</a></li>
</ul>
<h2 id="heading-2-2">Цикломатическая сложность</h2>
<p>Сложность функций может сильно отличаться: чем больше в ней проверок и условий, тем сложнее стороннему программисту ее читать и понимать. Сложность бывает разных типов: например, необходимая (когда без большого количества независимых условий не обойтись) и случайная (когда она зависит от навыков программиста и нужен рефакторинг).</p>
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src="https://hexlet.io/rails/active_storage/representations/proxy/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsiZGF0YSI6NDAyOCwicHVyIjoiYmxvYl9pZCJ9fQ==--ae9eed98663dd1201759d042a5ba7ca790866156/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsiZGF0YSI6eyJmb3JtYXQiOiJ3ZWJwIiwicmVzaXplX3RvX2xpbWl0IjpbNDAwLDQwMF0sInNhdmVyIjp7InF1YWxpdHkiOjg1fX0sInB1ciI6InZhcmlhdGlvbiJ9fQ==--5b6f46dacd1af664f27558553a58076185091823/Programming-bro.png" alt="Алгоритмы и структуры данных" loading="eager"/></div><div style="--group-gap:var(--mantine-spacing-md);--group-align:end;--group-justify:space-between;--group-wrap:wrap;margin-top:var(--mantine-spacing-xs)" class="m_4081bf90 mantine-Group-root"><p style="font-size:var(--mantine-font-size-xl)" class="mantine-focus-auto m_b6d8b162 mantine-Text-root">от 3 900 ₽</p><p style="font-size:var(--mantine-font-size-sm)" class="mantine-focus-auto m_b6d8b162 mantine-Text-root">Посмотреть →</p></div></div></div></a></div></div><div class="m_d98df724 mantine-Carousel-slide" data-orientation="horizontal"><div tabindex="0" style="cursor:pointer;height:100%"><a style="text-decoration:none" class="mantine-focus-auto m_849cf0da m_b6d8b162 mantine-Text-root mantine-Anchor-root" data-underline="hover" href="/programs/java-sicp?promo_name=programs_list&promo_position=blog_post&promo_creative=catalog_card&promo_type=card" target="_blank"><div style="height:100%" class="m_e615b15f mantine-Card-root m_1b7284a3 mantine-Paper-root" data-with-border="true"><div style="--group-gap:calc(0.25rem * var(--mantine-scale));--group-align:center;--group-justify:flex-start;--group-wrap:nowrap" class="m_4081bf90 mantine-Group-root"><span style="font-size:var(--mantine-font-size-sm)" class="mantine-focus-auto m_b6d8b162 mantine-Text-root">1 месяц</span><span class="mantine-focus-auto m_b6d8b162 mantine-Text-root">·</span><span style="font-size:var(--mantine-font-size-sm)" class="mantine-focus-auto m_b6d8b162 mantine-Text-root">Для продвинутых</span></div><p style="margin-bottom:var(--mantine-spacing-sm);font-size:var(--mantine-font-size-h5);font-weight:bold" class="mantine-focus-auto m_b6d8b162 mantine-Text-root">СИКП на Java</p><p class="mantine-focus-auto m_b6d8b162 mantine-Text-root">Изучите фундаментальные принципы программирования на Java</p><div style="margin-top:auto" class=""><div class="m_4451eb3a mantine-Center-root"><img style="opacity:0.8;width:70%" class="m_9e117634 mantine-Image-root mantine-visible-from-xs" src="https://hexlet.io/rails/active_storage/representations/proxy/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsiZGF0YSI6NDAxNiwicHVyIjoiYmxvYl9pZCJ9fQ==--eb66b9b5e26fafa32844ce0f4522c3ed84544040/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsiZGF0YSI6eyJmb3JtYXQiOiJ3ZWJwIiwicmVzaXplX3RvX2xpbWl0IjpbNDAwLDQwMF0sInNhdmVyIjp7InF1YWxpdHkiOjg1fX0sInB1ciI6InZhcmlhdGlvbiJ9fQ==--5b6f46dacd1af664f27558553a58076185091823/Hand%20coding-rafiki.png" alt="СИКП на Java" loading="eager"/></div><div style="--group-gap:var(--mantine-spacing-md);--group-align:end;--group-justify:space-between;--group-wrap:wrap;margin-top:var(--mantine-spacing-xs)" class="m_4081bf90 mantine-Group-root"><p style="font-size:var(--mantine-font-size-xl)" class="mantine-focus-auto m_b6d8b162 mantine-Text-root">от 3 900 ₽</p><p style="font-size:var(--mantine-font-size-sm)" class="mantine-focus-auto m_b6d8b162 mantine-Text-root">Посмотреть →</p></div></div></div></a></div></div><div class="m_d98df724 mantine-Carousel-slide" data-orientation="horizontal"><div tabindex="0" style="cursor:pointer;height:100%"><a style="text-decoration:none" class="mantine-focus-auto m_849cf0da m_b6d8b162 mantine-Text-root mantine-Anchor-root" data-underline="hover" href="/programs/python-sicp?promo_name=programs_list&promo_position=blog_post&promo_creative=catalog_card&promo_type=card" target="_blank"><div style="height:100%" class="m_e615b15f mantine-Card-root m_1b7284a3 mantine-Paper-root" data-with-border="true"><div style="--group-gap:calc(0.25rem * var(--mantine-scale));--group-align:center;--group-justify:flex-start;--group-wrap:nowrap" class="m_4081bf90 mantine-Group-root"><span style="font-size:var(--mantine-font-size-sm)" class="mantine-focus-auto m_b6d8b162 mantine-Text-root">1 месяц</span><span class="mantine-focus-auto m_b6d8b162 mantine-Text-root">·</span><span style="font-size:var(--mantine-font-size-sm)" class="mantine-focus-auto m_b6d8b162 mantine-Text-root">Для продвинутых</span></div><p style="margin-bottom:var(--mantine-spacing-sm);font-size:var(--mantine-font-size-h5);font-weight:bold" class="mantine-focus-auto m_b6d8b162 mantine-Text-root">СИКП на Python</p><p class="mantine-focus-auto m_b6d8b162 mantine-Text-root">Изучите Python на глубоком уровне для решения сложных задач</p><div style="margin-top:auto" class=""><div class="m_4451eb3a mantine-Center-root"><img style="opacity:0.8;width:70%" class="m_9e117634 mantine-Image-root mantine-visible-from-xs" 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style="cursor:pointer;height:100%"><a style="text-decoration:none" class="mantine-focus-auto m_849cf0da m_b6d8b162 mantine-Text-root mantine-Anchor-root" data-underline="hover" href="/courses?promo_name=programs_list&promo_position=blog_post&promo_creative=catalog_card&promo_type=card"><div style="height:100%" class="m_e615b15f mantine-Card-root m_1b7284a3 mantine-Paper-root" data-with-border="true"><h2 style="--title-fw:var(--mantine-h2-font-weight);--title-lh:var(--mantine-h2-line-height);--title-fz:var(--mantine-h2-font-size);margin-bottom:var(--mantine-spacing-md);font-size:var(--mantine-font-size-h3)" class="m_8a5d1357 mantine-Title-root" data-order="2" data-responsive="true">Каталог</h2><p style="margin-bottom:auto" class="mantine-focus-auto m_b6d8b162 mantine-Text-root">Полный список доступных курсов по разным направлениям</p><div style="margin-top:auto" class=""><div class="m_4451eb3a mantine-Center-root"><img style="opacity:0.8;width:70%" class="m_9e117634 mantine-Image-root mantine-visible-from-xs" src="/vite/assets/development-BVihs_d5.png" alt="Orientation"/></div></div></div></a></div></div></div></div></div>
<p>Частично оценить их позволяет цикломатическая сложность — количество линейно независимых маршрутов через программный код. Эта мера была разработана Томасом Дж. Маккейбом в 1976 году. Если исходный код не содержит никаких точек ветвления или циклов, то сложность равна единице, поскольку есть только один маршрут следования через код. Но в ситуации, когда используются условия и циклы, цикломатическая сложность будет выше единицы.</p>
<div style="margin-bottom:var(--mantine-spacing-lg)" class="m_e597c321 mantine-CodeHighlight-codeHighlight" dir="ltr"><div class="m_be7e9c9c mantine-CodeHighlight-controls"><button style="--ai-bg:transparent;--ai-hover:transparent;--ai-color:inherit;--ai-bd:none" class="mantine-focus-auto mantine-active m_d498bab7 mantine-CodeHighlight-control m_8d3f4000 mantine-ActionIcon-root m_87cf2631 mantine-UnstyledButton-root" data-variant="none" type="button" aria-label="Copy code"><span class="m_8d3afb97 mantine-ActionIcon-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke-width="2" stroke="currentColor" fill="none" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path stroke="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z" fill="none"></path><path d="M8 8m0 2a2 2 0 0 1 2 -2h8a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v8a2 2 0 0 1 -2 2h-8a2 2 0 0 1 -2 -2z"></path><path d="M16 8v-2a2 2 0 0 0 -2 -2h-8a2 2 0 0 0 -2 2v8a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2"></path></svg></span></button></div><div style="--scrollarea-scrollbar-size:calc(0.25rem * var(--mantine-scale));--sa-corner-width:0px;--sa-corner-height:0px" class="m_f744fd40 mantine-CodeHighlight-scrollarea m_d57069b5 mantine-ScrollArea-root" dir="ltr"><div style="overflow-x:hidden;overflow-y:hidden;overscroll-behavior-inline:none" class="m_c0783ff9 mantine-ScrollArea-viewport" data-scrollbars="xy"><div class="m_b1336c6 mantine-ScrollArea-content"><pre class="m_2c47c4fd mantine-CodeHighlight-pre" style="padding:0"><code class="m_5caae6d3 mantine-CodeHighlight-code">// Complexity: 1
const f1 = () => {
console.log('Hello');
};
// Complexity: 2
const f2 = (condition) => {
if (condition) {
console.log('Hello');
}
}
// Complexity: ?
const f3 = (condition, language) => {
message = ''
if (condition) {
switch (language) {
case 'de':
message = 'Guten Tag'
case 'es':
message = 'Hola'
case 'fr':
message = 'Bonjour'
default:
message = 'Hello';
}
}
console.log(message);
}</code></pre></div></div></div><button class="mantine-focus-auto m_c9378bc2 mantine-CodeHighlight-showCodeButton m_87cf2631 mantine-UnstyledButton-root" data-hidden="true" type="button">Expand code</button></div>
<p>В этом случае на помощь приходит Guard Expression. Этот подход (или паттерн), помогает лучше структурировать код, сделать его более простым и понятным, иногда снизить цикломатическую сложность. В качестве примера рассмотрим функцию, которая принимает на вход пол и возраст. Для людей старше 18 в зависимости от пола она возвращает строку <code style="margin-bottom:var(--mantine-spacing-lg)" class="m_dfe9c588 mantine-InlineCodeHighlight-inlineCodeHighlight m_e597c321 mantine-CodeHighlight-codeHighlight m_dfe9c588 mantine-InlineCodeHighlight-inlineCodeHighlight">yes</code> или <code style="margin-bottom:var(--mantine-spacing-lg)" class="m_dfe9c588 mantine-InlineCodeHighlight-inlineCodeHighlight m_e597c321 mantine-CodeHighlight-codeHighlight m_dfe9c588 mantine-InlineCodeHighlight-inlineCodeHighlight">no</code>. Для всех остальных — <code style="margin-bottom:var(--mantine-spacing-lg)" class="m_dfe9c588 mantine-InlineCodeHighlight-inlineCodeHighlight m_e597c321 mantine-CodeHighlight-codeHighlight m_dfe9c588 mantine-InlineCodeHighlight-inlineCodeHighlight">null</code>:</p>
<div style="margin-bottom:var(--mantine-spacing-lg)" class="m_e597c321 mantine-CodeHighlight-codeHighlight" dir="ltr"><div class="m_be7e9c9c mantine-CodeHighlight-controls"><button style="--ai-bg:transparent;--ai-hover:transparent;--ai-color:inherit;--ai-bd:none" class="mantine-focus-auto mantine-active m_d498bab7 mantine-CodeHighlight-control m_8d3f4000 mantine-ActionIcon-root m_87cf2631 mantine-UnstyledButton-root" data-variant="none" type="button" aria-label="Copy code"><span class="m_8d3afb97 mantine-ActionIcon-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke-width="2" stroke="currentColor" fill="none" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path stroke="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z" fill="none"></path><path d="M8 8m0 2a2 2 0 0 1 2 -2h8a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v8a2 2 0 0 1 -2 2h-8a2 2 0 0 1 -2 -2z"></path><path d="M16 8v-2a2 2 0 0 0 -2 -2h-8a2 2 0 0 0 -2 2v8a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2"></path></svg></span></button></div><div style="--scrollarea-scrollbar-size:calc(0.25rem * var(--mantine-scale));--sa-corner-width:0px;--sa-corner-height:0px" class="m_f744fd40 mantine-CodeHighlight-scrollarea m_d57069b5 mantine-ScrollArea-root" dir="ltr"><div style="overflow-x:hidden;overflow-y:hidden;overscroll-behavior-inline:none" class="m_c0783ff9 mantine-ScrollArea-viewport" data-scrollbars="xy"><div class="m_b1336c6 mantine-ScrollArea-content"><pre class="m_2c47c4fd mantine-CodeHighlight-pre" style="padding:0"><code class="m_5caae6d3 mantine-CodeHighlight-code">const f = (age, sex) => {
if (age >= 18) {
if (sex === 'male') {
return 'yes';
}
if (sex === 'female') {
return 'no';
}
}
return null;
}</code></pre></div></div></div><button class="mantine-focus-auto m_c9378bc2 mantine-CodeHighlight-showCodeButton m_87cf2631 mantine-UnstyledButton-root" data-hidden="true" type="button">Expand code</button></div>
<p>Эту функцию можно сделать проще, разбив ее и добавив условие «вернуть null, если младше 18 лет». Оно гораздо более простое и очевидное, потому поставим его первым:</p>
<div style="margin-bottom:var(--mantine-spacing-lg)" class="m_e597c321 mantine-CodeHighlight-codeHighlight" dir="ltr"><div class="m_be7e9c9c mantine-CodeHighlight-controls"><button style="--ai-bg:transparent;--ai-hover:transparent;--ai-color:inherit;--ai-bd:none" class="mantine-focus-auto mantine-active m_d498bab7 mantine-CodeHighlight-control m_8d3f4000 mantine-ActionIcon-root m_87cf2631 mantine-UnstyledButton-root" data-variant="none" type="button" aria-label="Copy code"><span class="m_8d3afb97 mantine-ActionIcon-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke-width="2" stroke="currentColor" fill="none" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path stroke="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z" fill="none"></path><path d="M8 8m0 2a2 2 0 0 1 2 -2h8a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v8a2 2 0 0 1 -2 2h-8a2 2 0 0 1 -2 -2z"></path><path d="M16 8v-2a2 2 0 0 0 -2 -2h-8a2 2 0 0 0 -2 2v8a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2"></path></svg></span></button></div><div style="--scrollarea-scrollbar-size:calc(0.25rem * var(--mantine-scale));--sa-corner-width:0px;--sa-corner-height:0px" class="m_f744fd40 mantine-CodeHighlight-scrollarea m_d57069b5 mantine-ScrollArea-root" dir="ltr"><div style="overflow-x:hidden;overflow-y:hidden;overscroll-behavior-inline:none" class="m_c0783ff9 mantine-ScrollArea-viewport" data-scrollbars="xy"><div class="m_b1336c6 mantine-ScrollArea-content"><pre class="m_2c47c4fd mantine-CodeHighlight-pre" style="padding:0"><code class="m_5caae6d3 mantine-CodeHighlight-code">const f = (age, sex) => {
if (age < 18) {
return null;
}
if (sex === 'male') {
return 'yes';
}
if (sex === 'female') {
return 'no';
}
}</code></pre></div></div></div><button class="mantine-focus-auto m_c9378bc2 mantine-CodeHighlight-showCodeButton m_87cf2631 mantine-UnstyledButton-root" data-hidden="true" type="button">Expand code</button></div>
<p>Уровень вложенности снизился. В такой реализации функции сложнее ошибиться: все, что пишется ниже guard expression (первая проверка в данном случае), попадает под требование «от 18 и старше». В первом примере код для этого условия нужно не забывать вставить внутрь соответствующего условия.</p>
<h2 id="heading-2-3">Отсечение пограничных случаев</h2>
<p>Вторая задача Guard Expression — сразу же обработать пограничные случаи. Речь идет о дополнительных проверках, которые могут усложнить и удлинить код, но не позволят функции или программе выполняться при определенных условиях.</p>
<div style="margin-bottom:var(--mantine-spacing-lg)" class="m_e597c321 mantine-CodeHighlight-codeHighlight" dir="ltr"><div class="m_be7e9c9c mantine-CodeHighlight-controls"><button style="--ai-bg:transparent;--ai-hover:transparent;--ai-color:inherit;--ai-bd:none" class="mantine-focus-auto mantine-active m_d498bab7 mantine-CodeHighlight-control m_8d3f4000 mantine-ActionIcon-root m_87cf2631 mantine-UnstyledButton-root" data-variant="none" type="button" aria-label="Copy code"><span class="m_8d3afb97 mantine-ActionIcon-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke-width="2" stroke="currentColor" fill="none" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path stroke="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z" fill="none"></path><path d="M8 8m0 2a2 2 0 0 1 2 -2h8a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v8a2 2 0 0 1 -2 2h-8a2 2 0 0 1 -2 -2z"></path><path d="M16 8v-2a2 2 0 0 0 -2 -2h-8a2 2 0 0 0 -2 2v8a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2"></path></svg></span></button></div><div style="--scrollarea-scrollbar-size:calc(0.25rem * var(--mantine-scale));--sa-corner-width:0px;--sa-corner-height:0px" class="m_f744fd40 mantine-CodeHighlight-scrollarea m_d57069b5 mantine-ScrollArea-root" dir="ltr"><div style="overflow-x:hidden;overflow-y:hidden;overscroll-behavior-inline:none" class="m_c0783ff9 mantine-ScrollArea-viewport" data-scrollbars="xy"><div class="m_b1336c6 mantine-ScrollArea-content"><pre class="m_2c47c4fd mantine-CodeHighlight-pre" style="padding:0"><code class="m_5caae6d3 mantine-CodeHighlight-code">const average = (numbers) => {
// Если массив чисел пустой, то возвращаем сразу 0
if (numbers.length === 0) {
return 0;
}
result = 0;
for (const number of numbers) {
result += number;
}
return result / numbers.length;
}
console.log(average([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]));
// => 3</code></pre></div></div></div><button class="mantine-focus-auto m_c9378bc2 mantine-CodeHighlight-showCodeButton m_87cf2631 mantine-UnstyledButton-root" data-hidden="true" type="button">Expand code</button></div>
<style data-mantine-styles="inline">.__m__-_R_13derddmiub_{--carousel-slide-gap:var(--mantine-spacing-xs);--carousel-slide-size:80%;}@media(min-width: 36em){.__m__-_R_13derddmiub_{--carousel-slide-gap:var(--mantine-spacing-xl);--carousel-slide-size:50%;}}</style><div style="--carousel-control-size:calc(2.5rem * var(--mantine-scale));--carousel-controls-offset:var(--mantine-spacing-sm);margin-bottom:var(--mantine-spacing-lg);padding-block:var(--mantine-spacing-sm);background:var(--app-color-surface)" class="m_17884d0f mantine-Carousel-root responsiveClassName" data-orientation="horizontal" data-include-gap-in-size="true"><div class="m_39bc3463 mantine-Carousel-controls" data-orientation="horizontal"><button class="mantine-focus-auto m_64f58e10 mantine-Carousel-control m_87cf2631 mantine-UnstyledButton-root" type="button" data-inactive="true" data-type="previous" tabindex="-1"><svg viewBox="0 0 15 15" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" style="transform:rotate(90deg);width:calc(1rem * var(--mantine-scale));height:calc(1rem * var(--mantine-scale));display:block"><path d="M3.13523 6.15803C3.3241 5.95657 3.64052 5.94637 3.84197 6.13523L7.5 9.56464L11.158 6.13523C11.3595 5.94637 11.6759 5.95657 11.8648 6.15803C12.0536 6.35949 12.0434 6.67591 11.842 6.86477L7.84197 10.6148C7.64964 10.7951 7.35036 10.7951 7.15803 10.6148L3.15803 6.86477C2.95657 6.67591 2.94637 6.35949 3.13523 6.15803Z" fill="currentColor" fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd"></path></svg></button><button class="mantine-focus-auto m_64f58e10 mantine-Carousel-control m_87cf2631 mantine-UnstyledButton-root" type="button" data-inactive="true" data-type="next" tabindex="-1"><svg viewBox="0 0 15 15" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" style="transform:rotate(-90deg);width:calc(1rem * var(--mantine-scale));height:calc(1rem * var(--mantine-scale));display:block"><path d="M3.13523 6.15803C3.3241 5.95657 3.64052 5.94637 3.84197 6.13523L7.5 9.56464L11.158 6.13523C11.3595 5.94637 11.6759 5.95657 11.8648 6.15803C12.0536 6.35949 12.0434 6.67591 11.842 6.86477L7.84197 10.6148C7.64964 10.7951 7.35036 10.7951 7.15803 10.6148L3.15803 6.86477C2.95657 6.67591 2.94637 6.35949 3.13523 6.15803Z" fill="currentColor" fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd"></path></svg></button></div><div class="m_a2dae653 mantine-Carousel-viewport" data-type="media"><div class="m_fcd81474 mantine-Carousel-container __m__-_R_13derddmiub_" data-orientation="horizontal"><div class="m_d98df724 mantine-Carousel-slide" data-orientation="horizontal"><div tabindex="0" style="cursor:pointer;height:100%"><a style="text-decoration:none" class="mantine-focus-auto m_849cf0da m_b6d8b162 mantine-Text-root mantine-Anchor-root" data-underline="hover" href="/blog/posts/biblioteka-react-review-article"><div style="padding-top:0rem;height:100%" class="m_e615b15f mantine-Card-root m_1b7284a3 mantine-Paper-root" data-with-border="true"><div style="margin-bottom:var(--mantine-spacing-sm)" class="m_599a2148 mantine-Card-section" data-first-section="true"><div style="--ar-ratio:2" class="m_71ac47fc mantine-AspectRatio-root"><img class="m_9e117634 mantine-Image-root" src="https://hexlet.io/rails/active_storage/representations/proxy/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsiZGF0YSI6MTYyOCwicHVyIjoiYmxvYl9pZCJ9fQ==--6bac7610f325471938a0e33f58eaa4c52527d66f/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsiZGF0YSI6eyJmb3JtYXQiOiJ3ZWJwIiwicmVzaXplX2FuZF9wYWQiOls3MDgsMzU0XSwic2F2ZXIiOnsicXVhbGl0eSI6ODV9fSwicHVyIjoidmFyaWF0aW9uIn19--324dc52aa55ebe818c2a887ebcb832b9ad1c0381/%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5react-01.png" loading="lazy" alt="Библиотека React: особенности, перспективы, ситуация на рынке труда"/></div></div><p style="margin-bottom:var(--mantine-spacing-xs);font-size:var(--mantine-font-size-lg);font-weight:bold" class="mantine-focus-auto m_b6d8b162 mantine-Text-root">Библиотека React: особенности, перспективы, ситуация на рынке труда</p><p style="margin-bottom:auto" class="mantine-focus-auto m_b6d8b162 mantine-Text-root">В объявлениях о поиске программистов часто встречается требование уметь работать с React. Иногда ...</p><div style="--group-gap:var(--mantine-spacing-md);--group-align:center;--group-justify:space-between;--group-wrap:wrap;margin-top:var(--mantine-spacing-lg);font-size:var(--mantine-font-size-sm)" class="m_4081bf90 mantine-Group-root">29 февраля 2024 г.<p style="font-size:inherit" class="mantine-focus-auto m_b6d8b162 mantine-Text-root">Посмотреть →</p></div></div></a></div></div><div class="m_d98df724 mantine-Carousel-slide" data-orientation="horizontal"><div tabindex="0" style="cursor:pointer;height:100%"><a style="text-decoration:none" class="mantine-focus-auto m_849cf0da m_b6d8b162 mantine-Text-root mantine-Anchor-root" data-underline="hover" href="/blog/posts/php-start"><div style="padding-top:0rem;height:100%" class="m_e615b15f mantine-Card-root m_1b7284a3 mantine-Paper-root" data-with-border="true"><div style="margin-bottom:var(--mantine-spacing-sm)" class="m_599a2148 mantine-Card-section" data-first-section="true"><div style="--ar-ratio:2" class="m_71ac47fc mantine-AspectRatio-root"><img class="m_9e117634 mantine-Image-root" src="https://hexlet.io/rails/active_storage/representations/proxy/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsiZGF0YSI6MTU5MSwicHVyIjoiYmxvYl9pZCJ9fQ==--01d293c2c32c364fb419ce05e3336d3b96061b52/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsiZGF0YSI6eyJmb3JtYXQiOiJ3ZWJwIiwicmVzaXplX2FuZF9wYWQiOls3MDgsMzU0XSwic2F2ZXIiOnsicXVhbGl0eSI6ODV9fSwicHVyIjoidmFyaWF0aW9uIn19--324dc52aa55ebe818c2a887ebcb832b9ad1c0381/PHPc%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C-01.png" loading="lazy" alt="Язык программирования PHP: почему его выбирают разработчики и с чего начать изучение"/></div></div><p style="margin-bottom:var(--mantine-spacing-xs);font-size:var(--mantine-font-size-lg);font-weight:bold" class="mantine-focus-auto m_b6d8b162 mantine-Text-root">Язык программирования PHP: почему его выбирают разработчики и с чего начать изучение</p><p style="margin-bottom:auto" class="mantine-focus-auto m_b6d8b162 mantine-Text-root">Рассказываем, в чем особенности языка PHP, его преимущества и недостатки, почему он до сих пор не...</p><div style="--group-gap:var(--mantine-spacing-md);--group-align:center;--group-justify:space-between;--group-wrap:wrap;margin-top:var(--mantine-spacing-lg);font-size:var(--mantine-font-size-sm)" class="m_4081bf90 mantine-Group-root">1 декабря 2023 г.<p style="font-size:inherit" class="mantine-focus-auto m_b6d8b162 mantine-Text-root">Посмотреть →</p></div></div></a></div></div><div class="m_d98df724 mantine-Carousel-slide" data-orientation="horizontal"><div tabindex="0" style="cursor:pointer;height:100%"><a style="text-decoration:none" class="mantine-focus-auto m_849cf0da m_b6d8b162 mantine-Text-root mantine-Anchor-root" data-underline="hover" href="/blog/posts/stoit-li-uchit-javascript-perspektivy-situatsiya-na-rynke-truda-mneniya-ekspertov"><div style="padding-top:0rem;height:100%" class="m_e615b15f mantine-Card-root m_1b7284a3 mantine-Paper-root" data-with-border="true"><div style="margin-bottom:var(--mantine-spacing-sm)" class="m_599a2148 mantine-Card-section" data-first-section="true"><div style="--ar-ratio:2" class="m_71ac47fc mantine-AspectRatio-root"><img class="m_9e117634 mantine-Image-root" src="https://hexlet.io/rails/active_storage/representations/proxy/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsiZGF0YSI6MTcwMywicHVyIjoiYmxvYl9pZCJ9fQ==--aa69869c906a992728ba7c26886fa1b715024424/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsiZGF0YSI6eyJmb3JtYXQiOiJ3ZWJwIiwicmVzaXplX2FuZF9wYWQiOls3MDgsMzU0XSwic2F2ZXIiOnsicXVhbGl0eSI6ODV9fSwicHVyIjoidmFyaWF0aW9uIn19--324dc52aa55ebe818c2a887ebcb832b9ad1c0381/%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8Fjavascript-01.png" loading="lazy" alt="Язык программирования JavaScript: где его используют и почему он популярен"/></div></div><p style="margin-bottom:var(--mantine-spacing-xs);font-size:var(--mantine-font-size-lg);font-weight:bold" class="mantine-focus-auto m_b6d8b162 mantine-Text-root">Язык программирования JavaScript: где его используют и почему он популярен</p><p style="margin-bottom:auto" class="mantine-focus-auto m_b6d8b162 mantine-Text-root">Рассказываем, что это за язык программирования — JavaScript, где его используют, насколько он поп...</p><div style="--group-gap:var(--mantine-spacing-md);--group-align:center;--group-justify:space-between;--group-wrap:wrap;margin-top:var(--mantine-spacing-lg);font-size:var(--mantine-font-size-sm)" class="m_4081bf90 mantine-Group-root">4 октября 2023 г.<p style="font-size:inherit" class="mantine-focus-auto m_b6d8b162 mantine-Text-root">Посмотреть →</p></div></div></a></div></div></div></div></div>
<p>Рассмотрим это на примере решения задачи по проверке числа на простоту. Ее условие звучит так: простое число — это натуральное число, которое делится только на 1 и себя. 0 и 1 - не простые числа.</p>
<p>0 и 1 — это и есть крайние случаи: в функции нужно написать правило проверки только тех чисел, которые выше единицы. В коде это будет выглядеть так:</p>
<div style="margin-bottom:var(--mantine-spacing-lg)" class="m_e597c321 mantine-CodeHighlight-codeHighlight" dir="ltr"><div class="m_be7e9c9c mantine-CodeHighlight-controls"><button style="--ai-bg:transparent;--ai-hover:transparent;--ai-color:inherit;--ai-bd:none" class="mantine-focus-auto mantine-active m_d498bab7 mantine-CodeHighlight-control m_8d3f4000 mantine-ActionIcon-root m_87cf2631 mantine-UnstyledButton-root" data-variant="none" type="button" aria-label="Copy code"><span class="m_8d3afb97 mantine-ActionIcon-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke-width="2" stroke="currentColor" fill="none" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path stroke="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z" fill="none"></path><path d="M8 8m0 2a2 2 0 0 1 2 -2h8a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v8a2 2 0 0 1 -2 2h-8a2 2 0 0 1 -2 -2z"></path><path d="M16 8v-2a2 2 0 0 0 -2 -2h-8a2 2 0 0 0 -2 2v8a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2"></path></svg></span></button></div><div style="--scrollarea-scrollbar-size:calc(0.25rem * var(--mantine-scale));--sa-corner-width:0px;--sa-corner-height:0px" class="m_f744fd40 mantine-CodeHighlight-scrollarea m_d57069b5 mantine-ScrollArea-root" dir="ltr"><div style="overflow-x:hidden;overflow-y:hidden;overscroll-behavior-inline:none" class="m_c0783ff9 mantine-ScrollArea-viewport" data-scrollbars="xy"><div class="m_b1336c6 mantine-ScrollArea-content"><pre class="m_2c47c4fd mantine-CodeHighlight-pre" style="padding:0"><code class="m_5caae6d3 mantine-CodeHighlight-code">const isPrime = (num) => {
if (num < 2) {
return false;
}
for (let i = 2; i <= Math.sqrt(num); i += 1) {
if (num % i === 0) {
return false;
}
}
return true;
};</code></pre></div></div></div><button class="mantine-focus-auto m_c9378bc2 mantine-CodeHighlight-showCodeButton m_87cf2631 mantine-UnstyledButton-root" data-hidden="true" type="button">Expand code</button></div>
<p>Еще один пример: в проекте <a style="text-decoration:underline" class="mantine-focus-auto m_849cf0da m_b6d8b162 mantine-Text-root mantine-Anchor-root" data-underline="hover" href="https://sicp.hexlet.io/ru" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Hexlet SICP</a> есть функция, которая отмечает прохождение пользователем упражнения. Она работает только для авторизованных пользователей, которые ранее не выполняли упражнение. Крайние случаи — отсутствие авторизации и прохождение упражнения два и более раз:</p>
<div style="margin-bottom:var(--mantine-spacing-lg)" class="m_e597c321 mantine-CodeHighlight-codeHighlight" dir="ltr"><div class="m_be7e9c9c mantine-CodeHighlight-controls"><button style="--ai-bg:transparent;--ai-hover:transparent;--ai-color:inherit;--ai-bd:none" class="mantine-focus-auto mantine-active m_d498bab7 mantine-CodeHighlight-control m_8d3f4000 mantine-ActionIcon-root m_87cf2631 mantine-UnstyledButton-root" data-variant="none" type="button" aria-label="Copy code"><span class="m_8d3afb97 mantine-ActionIcon-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke-width="2" stroke="currentColor" fill="none" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path stroke="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z" fill="none"></path><path d="M8 8m0 2a2 2 0 0 1 2 -2h8a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v8a2 2 0 0 1 -2 2h-8a2 2 0 0 1 -2 -2z"></path><path d="M16 8v-2a2 2 0 0 0 -2 -2h-8a2 2 0 0 0 -2 2v8a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2"></path></svg></span></button></div><div style="--scrollarea-scrollbar-size:calc(0.25rem * var(--mantine-scale));--sa-corner-width:0px;--sa-corner-height:0px" class="m_f744fd40 mantine-CodeHighlight-scrollarea m_d57069b5 mantine-ScrollArea-root" dir="ltr"><div style="overflow-x:hidden;overflow-y:hidden;overscroll-behavior-inline:none" class="m_c0783ff9 mantine-ScrollArea-viewport" data-scrollbars="xy"><div class="m_b1336c6 mantine-ScrollArea-content"><pre class="m_2c47c4fd mantine-CodeHighlight-pre" style="padding:0"><code class="m_5caae6d3 mantine-CodeHighlight-code">class ExerciseService
{
public function completeExercise(User $user, Exercise $exercise): void
{
if ($user->hasCompletedExercise($exercise) || $user->isGuest()) {
return;
}
$user->exercises()->syncWithoutDetaching($exercise);
$this->activityService->logCompletedExercise($user, $exercise);
}
}</code></pre></div></div></div><button class="mantine-focus-auto m_c9378bc2 mantine-CodeHighlight-showCodeButton m_87cf2631 mantine-UnstyledButton-root" data-hidden="true" type="button">Expand code</button></div></div><div class=""><div style="--group-gap:var(--mantine-spacing-md);--group-align:center;--group-justify:space-between;--group-wrap:wrap;margin-bottom:var(--mantine-spacing-lg)" class="m_4081bf90 mantine-Group-root"><div class="m_4451eb3a mantine-Center-root" data-inline="true"><div style="--ti-size:var(--ti-size-xs);--ti-bg:transparent;--ti-color:var(--mantine-color-indigo-light-color);--ti-bd:calc(0.0625rem * var(--mantine-scale)) solid transparent;margin-inline-end:var(--mantine-spacing-xs);color:inherit" class="m_7341320d mantine-ThemeIcon-root" data-variant="transparent" data-size="xs"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="tabler-icon tabler-icon-user "><path d="M8 7a4 4 0 1 0 8 0a4 4 0 0 0 -8 0"></path><path d="M6 21v-2a4 4 0 0 1 4 -4h4a4 4 0 0 1 4 4v2"></path></svg></div><p style="margin-inline-end:var(--mantine-spacing-xl)" class="mantine-focus-auto m_b6d8b162 mantine-Text-root">Oleg Sabitov</p><p class="mantine-focus-auto m_b6d8b162 mantine-Text-root">4 года назад</p></div><div style="align-items:center" class="m_8bffd616 mantine-Flex-root __m__-_R_5dirddmiub_"><a style="display:inline-flex" class="mantine-focus-auto m_849cf0da m_b6d8b162 mantine-Text-root mantine-Anchor-root" data-underline="hover" href="/blog/posts/chto-takoe-guard-expression-i-zachem-primenyat-etot-podhod-v-razrabotke/votes"><div style="--ti-size:var(--ti-size-sm);--ti-bg:transparent;--ti-color:var(--mantine-color-indigo-light-color);--ti-bd:calc(0.0625rem * var(--mantine-scale)) solid transparent;margin-inline-end:var(--mantine-spacing-xs);color:inherit" class="m_7341320d mantine-ThemeIcon-root" data-variant="transparent" 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